Socioeconomic segregation

Date and country of first publication^[1]

1979
Hong Kong

Definition

Socio-economic segregation refers to the division of society based on people's economic status or social class. It occurs when people of different socio-economic backgrounds are segregated or separated from one another, often resulting in unequal access to resources, opportunities, and services. This type of segregation can lead to economic disparities, limited social mobility, and perpetuate cycles of poverty and inequality. Examples of socio-economic segregation include gated communities, exclusive private schools, and neighborhoods with limited affordable housing options. Addressing socio-economic segregation requires policies and initiatives that promote diversity, inclusion, and equal access to resources for all members of society.

Synonyms

The following terms are synonymous with socioeconomic segregation:

socio economic segregation; socioeconomic based segregationsocioeconomical segregation.

References and literature addressing this segregation form under these synonymous terms can be found below.

Related segregation forms

Socioeconomic segregation is frequently discussed in the literature with the following segregation forms:

social segregation, residential segregation, racial segregation, school segregation, ethnic segregation, spatial segregation, sociospatial segregation, class segregation, ethnoracial segregation, spatial class segregation, student segregation, urban segregation, ethnic residential segregation, black white segregation, occupational segregation, global segregation, housing segregation

This visualization is based on the study The Multidisciplinary Landscape of Segregation Research.

For the complete network of interrelated segregation forms, please refer to:

First year of publication

Louvain clusters

Betweenness centrality

Disciplines in which segregation forms first emerged (Scopus database).

References

Notes

↑ Date and country of first publication as informed by the Scopus database (December 2023).

At its current state, this definition has been generated by a Large Language Model (LLM) so far without review by an independent researcher or a member of the curating team of segregation experts that keep the Segregation Wiki online. While we strive for accuracy, we cannot guarantee its reliability, completeness and timeliness. Please use this content with caution and verify information as needed. Also, feel free to improve on the definition as you see fit, including the use of references and other informational resources. We value your input in enhancing the quality and accuracy of the definitions of segregation forms collectively offered in the Segregation Wiki ©.

Socioeconomic segregation appears in the following literature

Painter M. (1979). URBAN GOVERNMENT, URBAN POLITICS AND THE FABRICATION OF URBAN ISSUES: THE IMPOSSIBILITY OF URBAN POLICY. Australian Journal of Public Administration, 38(4), 335-346. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8500.1979.tb00877.x

Elgie R.A., Clark A.R. (1981). Social Class Segregation in Southern Metropolitan Areas. Urban Affairs Review, 16(3), 299-316. https://doi.org/10.1177/107808748101600303

Nesslein T.S. (1988). Urban decay and the premature obsolescence of housing: A cross country examination of the basic economic determinants. Scandinavian Housing and Planning Research, 5(4), 209-223. https://doi.org/10.1080/02815738808730166

Cuciti P., James F. (199). A Comparison of Black and Hispanic Poverty in Large Cities of the Southwest. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 12(1), 50-75. https://doi.org/10.1177/07399863900121003

Bénabou R. (1994). Human capital, inequality, and growth: A local perspective. European Economic Review, 38(3-4), 817-826. https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-2921(94)90118-X

Waslander S., Thrupp M. (1995). Choice, competition and segregation: An empirical analysis of a new zealand secondary school market, 1990 93. Journal of Education Policy, 10(1), 1-26. https://doi.org/10.1080/0268093950100101

Telles E.E. (1995). Structural sources of socioeconomic segregation in Brazilian metropolitan areas. American Journal of Sociology, 100(5), 1199-1223. https://doi.org/10.1086/230636

Musterd S., Ostendorf W. (1998). The changing distribution of incomes in Dutch cities: Myth and reality. GeoJournal, 46(1), 29-38. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006920422743

Kemper F.-J. (1998). Residential segregation and housing in Berlin: Changes since unification. GeoJournal, 46(1), 17-28. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006902400293

Gorard S., Fitz J. (2). Markets and stratification: A view from England and Wales. Educational Policy, 14(3), 405-428. SAGE Publications Inc..https://doi.org/10.1177/0895904800014003004

Gorard S., Fitz J. (2). Investigating the determinants of segregation between schools. Research Papers in Education, 15(2), 115-132. https://doi.org/10.1080/026715200402452

Wessel T. (2). Social polarisation and socioeconomic segregation in a welfare state: The case of Oslo. Urban Studies, 37(11), 1947-1967. Carfax Publishing Company.https://doi.org/10.1080/713707228

Ahonen S. (2). OP ED what happens to the common school in the market?. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 32(4), 483-493. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220270050033583

Betts J.R., Fairlie R.W. (2001). Explaining ethnic, racial, and immigrant differences in private school attendance. Journal of Urban Economics, 50(1), 26-51. Academic Press Inc..https://doi.org/10.1006/juec.2000.2207

Taylor C., Gorard S. (2001). The role of residence in school segregation: Placing the impact of parental choice in perspective. Environment and Planning A, 33(10), 1829-1852. https://doi.org/10.1068/a34123

Narodowski M., Nores M. (2002). Socio economic segregation with (without) competitive education policies. A comparative analysis of Argentina and Chile. Comparative Education, 38(4), 429-451. Carfax Publishing Company.https://doi.org/10.1080/0305006022000030720

Fitz J., Gorard S., Taylor C. (2002). School admissions after the School Standards and Framework Act: Bringing the LEAs back in?. Oxford Review of Education, 28(2-3), 373-393. https://doi.org/10.1080/03054980220143487

Narodowski M. (2002). Socio economic Segregation in the Argentine Education System: School choice without vouchers. Compare, 32(2), 181-191. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057920220143165

Gorard S. (2003). Integration in an age of choice: Parental choice need not lead to greater social segregation in state education. New Economy, 10(4), 240-244. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-0041.2003.00325.x

Taylor C., Gorard S., Fttz J. (2003). The modifiable areal unit problem: Segregation between schools and levels of analysis. International Journal of Social Research Methodology: Theory and Practice, 6(1), 41-60. https://doi.org/10.1080/13645570305053

Nesslein T.S. (2003). Markets versus planning: An assessment of the Swedish housing model in the post war period. Urban Studies, 40(7), 1259-1282. https://doi.org/10.1080/0042098032000084596

González-López G. (2004). Fathering Latina sexualities: Mexican men and the virginity of their daughters. Journal of Marriage and Family, 66(5), 1118-1130. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-2445.2004.00082.x

Phillips M., Chin T. (2004). School inequality: What do we know?. Social Inequality, 467-519. Russell Sage Foundation.https://doi.org/

Rumberger R.W., Palardy G.J. (2005). Does segregation still matter? The impact of student composition on academic achievement in high school. Teachers College Record, 107(9), 1999-2045. Teachers College, Columbia University.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9620.2005.00583.x

Brighouse H. (2007). Educational justice and socio economic segregation in schools. Journal of Philosophy of Education, 41(4), 575-590. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9752.2007.00583.x

Dronkers J., Levels M. (2007). Do school segregation and school resources explain region of origin differences in the mathematics achievement of immigrant students?. Educational Research and Evaluation, 13(5), 435-462. https://doi.org/10.1080/13803610701743047

Feitosa F.F., Câmara G., Monteiro A.M.V., Koschitzki T., Silva M.P.S. (2007). Global and local spatial indices of urban segregation. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 21(3), 299-323. https://doi.org/10.1080/13658810600911903

Zapata I., Arias G. (2008). Neighborhood recuperation program urban impact, some key guidelines for future managements; [Impactos urbanos del programa regeneracion de barrios, algunas orientaciones claves para la gestion futura]. Revista INVI, 23(63), 19-51. https://doi.org/

Feitosa F.F., Reyes J., Zesk W.E. (2008). Spatial patterns of residential segregation: A generative model. Proceedings of the Brazilian Symposium on GeoInformatics, 157-162. https://doi.org/

Brighouse H. (2009). Educational Justice and Socio Economic Segregation in Schools. The Common School and the Comprehensive Ideal: A Defence by Richard Pring with Complementary Essays, 72-87. John Wiley and Sons.https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444307313.ch5

Goza F., Ryabov I. (2009). Adolescents' educational outcomes: Racial and ethnic variations in peer network importance. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 38(9), 1264-1279. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-009-9418-8

Roberts B.R., Wilson R.H. (2009). Urban Segregation and Governance in the Americas. Urban Segregation and Governance in the Americas, 1-231. Palgrave Macmillan.https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230620841

Heller G.L. (2009). Salesman of ideas: The Life experiences that shaped edmund bacon. Imagining Philadelphia: Edmund Bacon and The Future of The City, 19-51. University of Pennsylvania Press.https://doi.org/

Holmqvist E., Bergsten Z. (2009). Swedish social mix policy: A general policy without an explicit ethnic focus. Journal of Housing and the Built Environment, 24(4), 477-490. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10901-009-9162-0

Causa O., Chapuis C. (201). Equity in student achievement across OECD countries: An investigation of the role of policies. OECD Journal: Economic Studies, 77-126. https://doi.org/

Meyer H.-D. (201). Local control as a mechanism of colonization of public education in the united states. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 42(8), 830-845. Routledge.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-5812.2008.00432.x

Rothwell J.T., Massey D.S. (201). Density zoning and class segregation in U.S. metropolitan areas. Social Science Quarterly, 91(5), 1123-1143. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6237.2010.00724.x

Verrest H.J.L.M. (201). Paramaribo. Cities, 27(1), 50-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2009.07.003

Marmolejo-Duartey C., Batista-DóRia de Souza N.J. (2011). Urban conditions and socioeconomic segregation: An analysis for Maceió Alagoas, Brazil; [Estructura urbana y segregación socioresidencial: Un análisis para Maceió Alagoas, Brasil]. Papeles de Poblacion, 17(70), 247-286. https://doi.org/

Richter J. (2011). Socio economic segregation and activity spaces in cities of the northeastern part of Brazil Natal, an example. Urban Developments in Brazil and Portugal, 229-248. Nova Science Publishers, Inc..https://doi.org/

Préteceille E. (2011). Has ethno racial segregation increased in the greater Paris metropolitan area?. Revue Francaise de Sociologie, 52(SUPPL.), 31-62. Editions Ophrys.https://doi.org/10.3917/rfs.525.0031

Stillerman J., Salcedo R. (2012). Transposing the Urban to the Mall: Routes, Relationships, and Resistance in Two Santiago, Chile, Shopping Centers. Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, 41(3), 309-336. https://doi.org/10.1177/0891241611434551

Préteceille E. (2012). Youth Segregation in Paris; [La Ségrégation des Jeunes à Paris]. Dados, 55(2), 301-325. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0011-52582012000200002

Richter J. (2012). Socio economic segregation and activity spaces in cities of the northeastern part of Brazil Natal, an example. Urban Developments in Brazil and Portugal, 229-247. Nova Science Publishers, Inc..https://doi.org/

Monkkonen P. (2012). Housing Finance Reform and Increasing Socioeconomic Segregation in Mexico. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 36(4), 757-772. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2427.2011.01085.x

Elacqua G. (2012). The impact of school choice and public policy on segregation: Evidence from Chile. International Journal of Educational Development, 32(3), 444-453. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2011.08.003

Ströbele M.F. (2012). How do people vote in suburbia? Political preference and suburbanisation in Europe. Urban Research and Practice, 5(1), 93-115. https://doi.org/10.1080/17535069.2012.656455

Musterd S., Ostendorf W. (2013). Urban segregation and the welfare state: Inequality and exclusion in western cities. Urban Segregation and the Welfare State: Inequality and Exclusion in Western Cities, 1-275. Taylor and Francis.https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203448533

Krüger N. (2013). Social segregation and educational attainment inequality in Argentina; [Segregación social y desigualdad de logros educativos en Argentina]. Education Policy Analysis Archives, 21(), -. https://doi.org/

Duncan D.T., Kawachi I., White K., Williams D.R. (2013). The geography of recreational open space: Influence of neighborhood racial composition and neighborhood poverty. Journal of Urban Health, 90(4), 618-631. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11524-012-9770-y

Mehdizadeh R., Fischer M. (2013). The unintended consequences of greening America: An examination of how implementing green building policy may impact the dynamic between local, state, and federal regulatory systems and the possible exacerbation of class segregation. Energy, Sustainability and Society, 3(1), -. Springer Verlag.https://doi.org/10.1186/2192-0567-3-12

Santo S.M., Silva B.-C.M.N., Santos R.L., Fernandes R.B. (2013). Population and environment on the threshold of XXI century in the city of Feira de Santana (Bahia Brazil); [População e meio ambiente no umbral do século XXI na cidade de Feira de Santana (Bahia Brasil)]. Scripta Nova, 17(), -. https://doi.org/

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Palardy G.J. (2013). High School Socioeconomic Segregation and Student Attainment. American Educational Research Journal, 50(4), 714-754. SAGE Publications Inc..https://doi.org/10.3102/0002831213481240

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Valenzuela J.P., Bellei C., de los Ríos D. (2014). Socioeconomic school segregation in a market oriented educational system. The case of Chile. Journal of Education Policy, 29(2), 217-241. https://doi.org/10.1080/02680939.2013.806995

Marcińczak S., Gentile M., Rufat S., Chelcea L. (2014). Urban geographies of hesitant transition: Tracing socioeconomic segregation in post ceauşescu bucharest. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 38(4), 1399-1417. Blackwell Publishing Ltd.https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2427.12073

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[1] Date and country of first publication as informed by the Scopus database (December 2023).

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Date and country of first publication[1]