Workplace segregation

Date and country of first publication^[1]

2005
United States

Definition

Workplace segregation refers to the practice of separating employees or workforce based on their race, ethnicity, gender, or other protected characteristics. This form of discrimination involves creating separate spaces, facilities, or opportunities for certain groups, often resulting in unequal treatment and limited access to resources, opportunities, and job advancements. Workplace segregation goes against the principles of equality, diversity, and inclusion, and is considered illegal and unethical in many countries.

Related segregation forms

Workplace segregation is frequently discussed in the literature with the following segregation forms:

residential segregation, social segregation, racial segregation, occupational segregation, ethnic segregation, sex segregation, workforce segregation, worksite segregation, immigrant segregation, ethnoracial workplace segregation, racial workplace segregation, gender segregation, sociospatial segregation, spatial segregation

This visualization is based on the study The Multidisciplinary Landscape of Segregation Research.

For the complete network of interrelated segregation forms, please refer to:

First year of publication

Louvain clusters

Betweenness centrality

Disciplines in which segregation forms first emerged (Scopus database).

References

Notes

↑ Date and country of first publication as informed by the Scopus database (December 2023).

At its current state, this definition has been generated by a Large Language Model (LLM) so far without review by an independent researcher or a member of the curating team of segregation experts that keep the Segregation Wiki online. While we strive for accuracy, we cannot guarantee its reliability, completeness and timeliness. Please use this content with caution and verify information as needed. Also, feel free to improve on the definition as you see fit, including the use of references and other informational resources. We value your input in enhancing the quality and accuracy of the definitions of segregation forms collectively offered in the Segregation Wiki ©.

Workplace segregation appears in the following literature

Tassier T. (2005). A Markov model of referral based hiring and workplace segregation. Journal of Mathematical Sociology, 29(3), 233-262. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222500590946989

Robinson C.L., Taylor T., Tomaskovic-Devey D., Zimmer C., Irvin Jr. M.W. (2005). Studying race or ethnic and sex segregation at the establishment level: Methodological issues and substantive opportunities using EEO 1 reports. Work and Occupations, 32(1), 5-38. https://doi.org/10.1177/0730888404272008

Shirlow P. (2006). Measuring workforce segregation: Religious composition of private sector employees at individual sites in Northern Ireland. Environment and Planning A, 38(8), 1545-1559. https://doi.org/10.1068/a3840

Hellerstein J.K., Neumark D. (2008). Workplace segregation in the United States: Race, ethnicity, and skill. Review of Economics and Statistics, 90(3), 459-477. https://doi.org/10.1162/rest.90.3.459

Simón H., Sanromá E., Ramos R. (2008). Labour segregation and immigrant and native born wage distributions in Spain: An analysis using matched employer employee data. Spanish Economic Review, 10(2), 135-168. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10108-007-9035-1

Abdou M., Gilbert N. (2009). Modelling the emergence and dynamics of social and workplace segregation. Mind and Society, 8(2), 173-191. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11299-009-0056-3

McTague T., Stainback K., Donald T.-D. (2009). An organizational approach to understanding sex and race segregation in U.S. workplaces. Social Forces, 87(3), 1499-1527. https://doi.org/10.1353/sof.0.0170

Mumford K., Smith P.N. (2009). What determines the part time and gender earnings gaps in Britain: Evidence from the workplace. Oxford Economic Papers, 61(SPEC. ISS.), i56-i75. https://doi.org/10.1093/oep/gpn041

Hirsh C.E. (2009). The strength of weak enforcement: The impact of discrimination charges, legal environments, and organizational conditions on workplace segregation. American Sociological Review, 74(2), 245-271. https://doi.org/10.1177/000312240907400205

Gelbach J., Klick J., Wexler L. (2009). Passive discrimination: When does it make sense to pay too little?. University of Chicago Law Review, 76(2), 797-857. https://doi.org/

Dickerson N., Schur L., Kruse D., Blasi J. (201). Worksite segregation and performance related attitudes. Work and Occupations, 37(1), 45-72. https://doi.org/10.1177/0730888409357312

Green V. (2012). Not your average fraternal organization: The IBPOEW and labor activism, 1935 1950. Labor History, 53(4), 471-494. https://doi.org/10.1080/0023656X.2012.731770

Marin A. (2012). Don't mention it: Why people don't share job information, when they do, and why it matters. Social Networks, 34(2), 181-192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socnet.2011.11.002

Payne J., Mcdonald S., Hamm L. (2013). Production teams and producing racial diversity in workplace relationships. Sociological Forum, 28(2), 326-349. https://doi.org/10.1111/socf.12021

Glitz A. (2014). Ethnic segregation in Germany. Labour Economics, 29(), 28-40. Elsevier.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2014.04.012

Strömgren M., Tammaru T., Danzer A.M., van Ham M., Marcińczak S., Stjernström O., Lindgren U. (2014). Factors Shaping Workplace Segregation Between Natives and Immigrants. Demography, 51(2), 645-671. Duke University Press.https://doi.org/10.1007/s13524-013-0271-8

Marcińczak S., Tammaru T., Strömgren M., Lindgren U. (2015). Changing patterns of residential and workplace segregation in the Stockholm metropolitan area. Urban Geography, 36(7), 969-992. Routledge.https://doi.org/10.1080/02723638.2015.1012364

Hernandez M., Avery D.R., Tonidandel S., Hebl M.R., Smith A.N., McKay P.F. (2016). The role of proximal social contexts: Assessing stigma by associationeffects on leader appraisals. Journal of Applied Psychology, 101(1), 68-85. American Psychological Association Inc..https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000030

Pendakur K., Pendakur R., Bevelander P. (2016). Are Residential and Workplace Concentration Correlated for Immigrants? Evidence for Sweden. Journal of International Migration and Integration, 17(3), 687-706. Springer Netherlands.https://doi.org/10.1007/s12134-015-0430-4

Tammaru T., Strömgren M., van Ham M., Danzer A.M. (2016). Relations between residential and workplace segregation among newly arrived immigrant men and women. Cities, 59(), 131-138. Elsevier Ltd.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2016.02.004

Wagner V. (2017). Living in the red: Black steelworkers and the wealth gap. Labor Studies Journal, 42(1), 52-78. SAGE Publications Inc..https://doi.org/10.1177/0160449X16676419

Bursell M., Jansson F. (2018). Diversity preferences among employees and ethnoracial workplace segregation. Social Science Research, 74(), 62-76. Academic Press Inc..https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2018.03.009

Stainback K., Jason K., Walter C. (2018). Organizational context and the well being of black workers: Does racial composition affect psychological distress?. Research in the Sociology of Work, 32(), 137-164. Emerald Group Publishing Ltd..https://doi.org/10.1108/S0277-283320180000032010

Taylor T., Buck A., Bloch K.R., Turgeon B. (2019). Gender composition and share of management: Tipping points in US workplaces, 1980 2005. Social Science Journal, 56(1), 48-59. Elsevier Inc..https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soscij.2018.07.005

Sinitsyna A., Torpan K., Eamets R., Tammaru T. (2021). Overlap between industrial niching and workplace segregation: Role of immigration policy, culture and country of origin. Social Inclusion, 9(2), 179-191. Cogitatio Press.https://doi.org/10.17645/si.v9i2.3640

Zhou X., Chen Z., Yeh A.G.O., Yue Y. (2021). Workplace segregation of rural migrants in urban China: A case study of Shenzhen using cellphone big data. Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science, 48(1), 25-42. SAGE Publications Ltd.https://doi.org/10.1177/2399808319846903

Puur A., Rahnu L., Tammaru T. (2021). Neighbourhoods and Workplaces: Are They Related to the Fertility of Immigrants and Their Descendants? A Register Based Study of Finland, 1999 2014. Journal of International Migration and Integration, -. Springer Science and Business Media B.V..https://doi.org/10.1007/s12134-020-00797-8

Garlick S., Catney G., Darlington-Pollock F., Lloyd C.D. (2022). Is there greater ethnic mixing in residential or workplace spaces?. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, -. Routledge.https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2022.2130198

Rector J. (2022). LESSONS FOR A GREEN NEW DEAL: Race, the New Deal legacy, and environmental justice in Detroit. Routledge Handbook on the Green New Deal, 157-172. Taylor and Francis.https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003110880-12

Hermansen A.S. (2022). Visualizing Intergenerational Immigrant Assimilation at Work. Socius, 8(), -. SAGE Publications Inc..https://doi.org/10.1177/23780231211072590

Zhang Y., Wang J., Kan C. (2022). Temporal variation in activity space based segregation: A case study of Beijing using location based service data. Journal of Transport Geography, 98(), -. Elsevier Ltd.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2021.103239

[1] Date and country of first publication as informed by the Scopus database (December 2023).

[1]

Date and country of first publication[1]