Self segregation

Date and country of first publication

1984
Israel

Definition

Self-segregation refers to the phenomenon where individuals or groups voluntarily separate themselves from others based on certain characteristics or identities, such as race, ethnicity, religion, or socioeconomic status. It involves individuals consciously choosing to live, work, socialize, or associate with others who are similar to them in terms of background or identity. Self-segregation can occur in various contexts, including neighborhoods, schools, workplaces, and social circles.

There are several reasons why individuals may engage in self-segregation. Some people may feel more comfortable or safe among others who share their background or experiences. They may seek a sense of belonging or identity affirmation by being part of a group with common characteristics. Others might self-segregate to preserve cultural or religious traditions, maintain linguistic or ethnic ties, or seek to avoid discrimination or prejudice they may have experienced in integrated settings.

Critics of self-segregation argue that it reinforces social divisions and limits opportunities for meaningful interaction and understanding among diverse groups. They believe that it perpetuates stereotypes, fosters ignorance, and hampers societal cohesion and integration. Others, however, argue that self-segregation is a valid expression of individual freedom and autonomy, and that people should have the right to associate with whomever they choose.

Overall, self-segregation is a complex social phenomenon that reflects the diverse motivations, individual choices, and societal factors that influence human behavior and interactions. Its implications and consequences can vary depending on the specific context and the individuals or groups involved.

Related segregation forms

Self segregation is frequently discussed in the literature with the following segregation forms:

social segregation, racial segregation, residential segregation, ethnic segregation, sociospatial segregation, spatial segregation, ethnic residential segregation, legal racial segregation, social self segregation, neighborhood segregation, racial residential segregation, academic segregation, religious friendship segregation

This visualization is based on the study The Multidisciplinary Landscape of Segregation Research.

For the complete network of interrelated segregation forms, please refer to:

• First year of publication

• Louvain clusters

• Betweenness centrality

• Disciplines in which segregation forms first emerged (Scopus database).

Notes

At its current state, this definition has been generated by a Large Language Model (LLM) so far without review by an independent researcher or a member of the curating team of segregation experts that keep the Segregation Wiki online. While we strive for accuracy, we cannot guarantee its reliability, completeness and timeliness. Please use this content with caution and verify information as needed. Also, feel free to improve on the definition as you see fit, including the use of references and other informational resources. We value your input in enhancing the quality and accuracy of the definitions of segregation forms collectively offered in the Segregation Wiki ©.

Self segregation appears in the following literature

Shilhav Y. (1984). Spatial strategies of the "haredi" population in Jerusalem. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 18(6), 411-418. https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-0121(84)90050-8

Fanslow J.L., Leland L.S., Jr., Craig T., Hahn H., Polonowita R., Teavae S. (1988). Reducing passive smoking by promoting self segregation of smokers using signs and thematic prompts. Journal of Organizational Behavior Management, 9(2), 23-34. https://doi.org/10.1300/J075v09n02_03

Benson J.E. (199). Good neighbors: ethnic relations in Garden City trailer courts. Urban Anthropology, 19(4), 361-386. https://doi.org/

Miyares I.M., Gowen K.J. (1998). Recreating borders? The geography of Latin Americans in New York City. Conference of Latin Americanist Geographers Yearbook, 24(), 31-43. https://doi.org/

Baumgartner M.P. (1998). Moral life on the cultural frontier: Evidence from the experience of immigrants in modern America. Sociological Focus, 31(2), 155-179. https://doi.org/10.1080/00380237.1998.10571099

Buttny R. (1999). Discursive constructions of racial boundaries and self segregation on campus. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 18(3), 247-268. SAGE Publications Inc..https://doi.org/10.1177/0261927X99018003002

Renaerts M. (1999). Processes of homogenization in the Muslim educational world in Brussels. International Journal of Educational Research, 31(4), 283-294. Elsevier Masson SAS.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-0355(99)00006-3

De Souza M.L. (2001). Metropolitan deconcentration, socio political fragmentation and extended suburbanisation: Brazilian urbanisation in the 1980's and 1990's. Geoforum, 32(4), 437-447. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7185(01)00018-5

Ihlanfeldt K.R., Scafidi B. (2002). Black self segregation as a cause of housing segregation: Evidence from the Multi City Study of Urban Inequality. Journal of Urban Economics, 51(2), 366-390. Academic Press Inc..https://doi.org/10.1006/juec.2001.2249

Maccoby E.E. (2002). Gender and group process: A developmental perspective. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 11(2), 54-58. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8721.00167

Villalpando O. (2003). Self segregation or self preservation? A critical race theory and Latina/o critical theory analysis of a study of Chicana/o college students. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 16(5), 619-646. https://doi.org/10.1080/0951839032000142922

Whitehead K.A., Wittig M.A. (2004). Discursive management of resistance to a multicultural education programme. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 1(4), 267-284. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088704qp018oa

Nguyen M.T. (2004). The self segregation of Asians and Hispanics: The role of assimilation and racial prejudice. Race and Society, 7(2), 131-151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.racsoc.2005.05.006

Firman T. (2004). New town development in Jakarta Metropolitan Region: A perspective of spatial segregation. Habitat International, 28(3), 349-368. Elsevier Ltd.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0197-3975(03)00037-7

Simpson L. (2004). Statistics of racial segregation: Measures, evidence and policy. Urban Studies, 41(3), 661-681. https://doi.org/10.1080/0042098042000178735

McLoughlin S. (2005). Mosques and the public space: Conflict and cooperation in Bradford. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 31(6), 1045-1066. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691830500282832

Cowan G. (2005). Interracial interactions at racially diverse university campuses. Journal of Social Psychology, 145(1), 49-64. https://doi.org/10.3200/SOCP.145.1.49-64

Giroir G. (2005). The purple jade villas (beijing): A golden ghetto in red China. Private Cities: Global and Local Perspectives, 139-149. Routledge Taylor & Francis Group.https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203336182

Denessen E., Driessen G., Sleegers P. (2005). Segregation by choice? A study of group specific reasons for school choice. Journal of Education Policy, 20(3), 347-368. https://doi.org/10.1080/02680930500108981

Robinson D. (2005). The search for community cohesion: Key themes and dominant concepts of the public policy agenda. Urban Studies, 42(8), 1411-1427. https://doi.org/10.1080/00420980500150755

de Souza M.L. (2005). Urban planning in an age of fear: The case of Rio de Janeiro. International Development Planning Review, 27(1), 1-19. Liverpool University Press.https://doi.org/10.3828/idpr.27.1.2

Stark O., Wang Y.Q. (2006). Towards a Theory of Self Segregation as a Response to Relative Deprivation: Steady State Outcomes and Social Welfare. Economics and Happiness: Framing the Analysis, 9780199286287(), -. Oxford University Press.https://doi.org/10.1093/0199286280.003.0010

Martin M.E. (2006). Residential segregation patterns of Latinos in the United States, 1990 2000: Testing the ethnic enclave and inequality theories. Residential Segregation Patterns of Latinos in the United States, 1990-2000: Testing the Ethnic Enclave and Inequality Theories, 1-141. Routledge Taylor & Francis Group.https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203943137

Phillips D. (2006). Parallel lives? Challenging discourses of British Muslim self segregation. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 24(1), 25-40. https://doi.org/10.1068/d60j

Phillips D. (2006). Parallel lives? Challenging discourses of British Muslim self segregation. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 24(1), 25-40. https://doi.org/10.1068/d60j

Teixeira C. (2006). A comparative study of Portuguese homebuyers' suburbanization in the Toronto and Montreal areas. Espace-Populations-Societes, 121-135. Universite des Sciences et Technologiques de Lille.https://doi.org/10.4000/eps.1025

Bonilla-Silva E., Goar C., Embrick D.G. (2006). When whites flock together: The social psychology of white habitus. Critical Sociology, 32(2-3), 229-253. https://doi.org/10.1163/156916306777835268

Kundnani A. (2007). Integrationism: The politics of anti Muslim racism. Race and Class, 48(4), 24-44. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306396807077069

Tredoux C., Finchilescu G. (2007). The contact hypothesis and intergroup relations 50 years on: Introduction to the special issue. South African Journal of Psychology, 37(4), 667-678. Bureau for Scientific Publications.https://doi.org/10.1177/008124630703700401

Bonilla-Silva E., Embrick D.G. (2007). "Every place has a Ghetto⋯": The significance of whites' social and residential segregation. Symbolic Interaction, 30(3), 323-345. https://doi.org/10.1525/si.2007.30.3.323

van der Laan Bouma-doff W. (2007). Involuntary isolation: Ethnic preferences and residential segregation. Journal of Urban Affairs, 29(3), 289-309. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9906.2007.00344.x

Shoveller J., Johnson J., Prkachin K., Patrick D. (2007). "Around here, they roll up the sidewalks at night": A qualitative study of youth living in a rural Canadian community. Health and Place, 13(4), 826-838. Elsevier Ltd.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2007.01.004

Leshem E. (2008). Being an Israeli: Immigrants from the Former Soviet Union in Israel, fifteen years later. Journal of Israeli History, 27(1), 29-49. https://doi.org/10.1080/13531040801902716

Bruner D.Y. (2008). Aspiring and practicing leaders addressing issues of diversity and social justice. Race Ethnicity and Education, 11(4), 483-500. https://doi.org/10.1080/13613320802479059

Thompson D.A. (2008). Brown V. Kamehameha schools: An instrumental critique of remedial self segregation in private education. Southern California Law Review, 81(4), 831-876. https://doi.org/

Crozier G., Davies J. (2008). 'The trouble is they don't mix': Self segregation or enforced exclusion?. Race Ethnicity and Education, 11(3), 285-301. https://doi.org/10.1080/13613320802291173

Carling A. (2008). The curious case of the mis claimed myth claims: Ethnic segregation, polarisation and the future of Bradford. Urban Studies, 45(3), 553-589. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098007087335

Kalra V.S., Kapoor N. (2009). Interrogating segregation, integration and the community cohesion agenda. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 35(9), 1397-1415. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691830903125893

Van Ham M., Manley D. (2009). Social housing allocation, choice and neighbourhood ethnic mix in England. Journal of Housing and the Built Environment, 24(4), 407-422. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10901-009-9158-9

Finney N., Simpson L. (2009). ‘Sleepwalking to segregation’?: Challenging myths about race and migration. 'Sleepwalking to Segregation'?: Challenging Myths about Race and Migration, 1-218. Policy Press.https://doi.org/

Keizan S., Duncan N. (201). From their perspective: Explanations of patterns of racialised social interactions among a group of post apartheid adolescents. South African Journal of Psychology, 40(4), 465-486. SAGE Publications Inc..https://doi.org/10.1177/008124631004000408

Keizan S., Duncan N. (201). From their perspective: Explanations of patterns of racialised social interactions among a group of post apartheid adolescents. South African Journal of Psychology, 40(4), 465-486. SAGE Publications Inc..https://doi.org/10.1177/008124631004000408

Ferreira F. (201). Preferences for hispanic neighborhoods. Neighborhood and Life Chances: How Place Matters in Modern America, 257-270. University of Pennsylvania Press.https://doi.org/

Wilson T.S. (201). Civic Fragmentation Or Voluntary Association? Habermas, Fraser, And Charter School Segregation. Educational Theory, 60(6), 643-664. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-5446.2010.00382.x

Chaney J. (201). The formation of a hispanic enclave in Nashville, Tennessee. Southeastern Geographer, 50(1), 17-38. https://doi.org/10.1353/sgo.0.0077

Lawrence E., Sides J., Farrell H. (201). Self segregation or deliberation? blog readership, participation, and polarization in american politics. Perspectives on Politics, 8(1), 141-157. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1537592709992714

Bloemraad I. (2011). We the people in an age of migration: Multiculturalism and immigrants' political integration in comparative perspective. Citizenship, borders, and human needs, 250-272. University of Pennsylvania Press.https://doi.org/

Manley D., van Ham M. (2011). Choice based letting, ethnicity and segregation in England. Urban Studies, 48(14), 3125-3143. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098010394685

Flores G.M. (2011). Racialized Tokens: Latina Teachers Negotiating, Surviving and Thriving in a White Woman's Profession. Qualitative Sociology, 34(2), 313-335. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11133-011-9189-x

Cséfalvay Z. (2011). Gated Communities for Security or Prestige? A Public Choice Approach and the Case of Budapest. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 35(4), 735-752. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2427.2010.00996.x

Duarte R.H. (2012). It does not even seem like we are in Brazil: Country clubs and gated communities in Belo Horizonte, Brazil, 1951 1964. Journal of Latin American Studies, 44(3), 435-466. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022216X12000429

Anipa K. (2012). The Use of Literary Sources in Historical Sociolinguistic Research. The Handbook of Historical Sociolinguistics, 170-190. John Wiley and Sons.https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118257227.ch10

Miah S. (2012). School desegregation and the politics of 'forced integration. Race and Class, 54(2), 26-38. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306396812454987

Sayegh F. (2012). Zionist Colonialism in Palestine (1965). Settler Colonial Studies, 2(1), 206-225. Routledge.https://doi.org/10.1080/2201473X.2012.10648833

Lennox C. (2012). Racial integration, ethnic diversity, and prejudice: Empirical evidence from a study of the British National Party. Oxford Economic Papers, 64(3), 395-416. https://doi.org/10.1093/oep/gpr058

Fujita Y. (2012). Learning from the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident A resilience point of view. 2012 Southeast Asian Network of Ergonomics Societies Conference: Ergonomics Innovations Leveraging User Experience and Sustainability, SEANES 2012, -. https://doi.org/10.1109/SEANES.2012.6299591

Dafydd Jones R. (2012). Negotiating Absence and Presence: Rural Muslims and 'Subterranean' Sacred Spaces. Space and Polity, 16(3), 335-350. https://doi.org/10.1080/13562576.2012.733572

Karlsen S., Nazroo J.Y. (2013). Influences on forms of national identity and feeling 'at home' among Muslim groups in Britain, Germany and Spain. Ethnicities, 13(6), 689-708. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468796812470795

Samad Y. (2013). Community cohesion without parallel lives in Bradford. Patterns of Prejudice, 47(3), 269-287. https://doi.org/10.1080/0031322X.2013.812343

Jensen O. (2013). Your ghetto, my comfort zone: a life story analysis of inter generational housing outcomes and residential geographies in urban south east England. Identities, 20(4), 438-454. https://doi.org/10.1080/1070289X.2013.822379

Tienda M. (2013). Diversity ≠ Inclusion: Promoting Integration in Higher Education. Educational Researcher, 42(9), 467-475. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X13516164

Rose-Redwood C.R., Rose-Redwood R.S. (2013). Self Segregation or global mixing? Social interactions and the international student experience. Journal of College Student Development, 54(4), 413-429. https://doi.org/10.1353/csd.2013.0062

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Leon N. (2015). Self segregation of the vanguard: Judea and Samaria in the religious Zionist society. Israel Affairs, 21(3), 348-360. Routledge.https://doi.org/10.1080/13537121.2015.1036558

Miah S. (2015). Muslims, schooling and the question of self segregation. Muslims, Schooling and the Question of Self-Segregation, 1-161. Palgrave Macmillan.https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137347763

Winarso H., Hudalah D., Firman T. (2015). Peri urban transformation in the Jakarta metropolitan area. Habitat International, 49(), 221-229. Elsevier Ltd.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2015.05.024

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Grzegorczyk A., Jaczewska B. (2015). Measures of social segregation in the context of Warsaw, Berlin and Paris metropolitan areas. Miscellanea Geographica, 19(3), 22-35. Faculty of Geography and Regional Studies, University of Warsaw.https://doi.org/10.1515/mgrsd-2015-0012

Tan E.K.B. (2015). Singapore. Comparative Counter-Terrorism Law, 610-649. Cambridge University Press.https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107298002.022

Kim Y.K., Park J.J., Koo K.K. (2015). Testing Self Segregation: Multiple Group Structural Modeling of College Students’ Interracial Friendship by Race. Research in Higher Education, 56(1), 57-77. Kluwer Academic Publishers.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11162-014-9337-8

Micheli M. (2016). Social networking sites and low income teenagers: between opportunity and inequality. Information Communication and Society, 19(5), 565-581. Routledge.https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2016.1139614

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Catney G. (2016). Exploring a decade of small area ethnic (de )segregation in England and Wales. Urban Studies, 53(8), 1691-1709. SAGE Publications Ltd.https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098015576855

Wang X. (2017). Spatial and literacy practices of Chinese international students across a bridge writing classroom and WeChat. Language and Education, 31(6), 561-579. Routledge.https://doi.org/10.1080/09500782.2017.1337128

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Peucker M., Ceylan R. (2017). Muslim community organizations sites of active citizenship or self segregation?. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 40(14), 2405-2425. Routledge.https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2016.1247975

Ahmed R. (2018). “I’ll explain what I can”: A conversation with Avaes Mohammad. Journal of Commonwealth Literature, 53(2), 223-239. SAGE Publications Ltd.https://doi.org/10.1177/0021989416684184

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Schmader T., Sedikides C. (2018). State Authenticity as Fit to Environment: The Implications of Social Identity for Fit, Authenticity, and Self Segregation. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 22(3), 228-259. SAGE Publications Inc..https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868317734080

Shtudiner Z., Klein G., Kantor J. (2018). How religiosity affects the attitudes of communities towards tourism in a sacred city: The case of Jerusalem. Tourism Management, 69(), 167-179. Elsevier Ltd.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2018.06.003

Zhang Z., Robinson D., Hite D. (2018). Racial residential segregation: Measuring location choice attributes of environmental quality and self segregation. Sustainability (Switzerland), 10(4), -. MDPI.https://doi.org/10.3390/su10041114

Perrem J.G. (2018). Immigrant parents’ everyday encounters with exclusion and public space mobilities: ‘Some type of force field’. Space and Polity, 22(1), 1-14. Routledge.https://doi.org/10.1080/13562576.2018.1433013

Lundström C. (2019). Creating ‘international communities’ in southern Spain: Self segregation and ‘institutional whiteness’ in Swedish lifestyle migration. European Journal of Cultural Studies, 22(5-6), 799-816. SAGE Publications Ltd.https://doi.org/10.1177/1367549418761793

Coenen A., Verhaeghe P.-P., Van de Putte B. (2019). Ethnic Residential Segregation: A Family Matter? An Integration of Household Composition Characteristics into the Residential Segregation Literature. European Journal of Population, 35(5), 1023-1052. Springer.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10680-018-09514-9

Iglesias-Pascual R. (2019). Social discourse, housing search and residential segregation: the social determinants of recent economic migrants’ residential mobility in Seville. Housing Studies, 34(7), 1163-1188. Routledge.https://doi.org/10.1080/02673037.2018.1520817

Britton J. (2019). Challenging the racialization of child sexual exploitation: Muslim men, racism and belonging in Rotherham. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 42(5), 688-706. Routledge.https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2018.1467030

Yan H., Sautman B., Lu Y. (2019). Chinese and ‘self segregation’ in Africa. Asian Ethnicity, 20(1), 40-66. Routledge.https://doi.org/10.1080/14631369.2018.1511370

Giglietto F., Valeriani A., Righetti N., Marino G. (2019). Diverging patterns of interaction around news on social media: insularity and partisanship during the 2018 Italian election campaign. Information Communication and Society, 22(11), 1610-1629. Routledge.https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2019.1629692

Vieira B.S., Almeida H.R., Bacelar J.F., Teixeira C.N. (2019). Socio and spatial segregation and instability in a metropolis of the Brazilian Amazon: A case study on “Nova Belém” and its fortified enclaves. Veredas do Direito, 16(34), 311-342. Editora Dom Helder.https://doi.org/10.18623/rvd.v16i34.1466

Bernstein R.S., Bulger M., Salipante P., Weisinger J.Y. (202). From Diversity to Inclusion to Equity: A Theory of Generative Interactions. Journal of Business Ethics, 167(3), 395-410. Springer Science and Business Media B.V..https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-019-04180-1

Song H., Cho J., Benefield G.A. (202). The Dynamics of Message Selection in Online Political Discussion Forums: Self Segregation or Diverse Exposure?. Communication Research, 47(1), 125-152. SAGE Publications Inc..https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650218790144

Moutselos M. (202). Praying on Friday, voting on Sunday? Mosque attendance and voter turnout in three West European democracies. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 46(11), 2275-2292. Routledge.https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2019.1662283

Ehren M. (202). Inner group trust and school autonomy in a segregated school system; parental self segregation in the Netherlands. Trust, Accountability and Capacity in Education System Reform: Global Perspectives in Comparative Education, 124-143. Taylor and Francis Inc..https://doi.org/

Knudson P. (2021). How institutional context shapes the accounts of school choice and boundary making among middle class parents in an urban school district. Qualitative Report, 26(3), 808-831. Peace and Conflict Studies.https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2021.4641

Anicich E.M., Jachimowicz J.M., Osborne M.R., Phillips L.T. (2021). Structuring local environments to avoid racial diversity: Anxiety drives Whites' geographical and institutional self segregation preferences. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 95(), -. Academic Press Inc..https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2021.104117

Bloch S., Olivares-Pelayo E.A. (2021). Carceral Geographies from Inside Prison Gates: The Micro Politics of Everyday Racialisation. Antipode, 53(5), 1319-1338. John Wiley and Sons Inc.https://doi.org/10.1111/anti.12727

Stern S. (2021). "Separate, therefore equal": American spatial segregation from Jim Crow to Kiryas Joel. RSF, 7(1), 67-90. Russell Sage Foundation.https://doi.org/10.7758/RSF.2021.7.1.05

Patterson A.F. (2021). “It Was Really Tough” Exploring the Feelings of Isolation and Cultural Dissonance With Black American Males at a Predominantly White Institution. Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory and Practice, 23(1), 55-77. SAGE Publications Inc..https://doi.org/10.1177/1521025118796633

Hess D.B., Bitterman A. (2021). Who Are the People in Your Gayborhood? Understanding Population Change and Cultural Shifts in LGBTQ+ Neighborhoods. Urban Book Series, 3-39. Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66073-4_1

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