Sociospatial segregation

Date and country of first publication

1990
Netherlands

Definition

Socio-spatial segregation refers to the spatial separation of different social groups within a city or region. It occurs when different social and economic groups cluster in specific areas, leading to the separation of neighborhoods or districts along social lines.

Socio-spatial segregation can be observed in various aspects, including housing, education, employment, and access to amenities and services. It often reflects existing social inequalities and can perpetuate and exacerbate these disparities.

There are different factors that contribute to socio-spatial segregation, such as income levels, race or ethnicity, social class, and access to resources and opportunities. Historical processes, such as redlining and racial segregation policies, have also played a significant role in shaping patterns of segregation in many cities.

The consequences of socio-spatial segregation are far-reaching. It can contribute to social exclusion, limited social mobility, and the concentration of poverty in certain areas. Segregated neighborhoods may also lack access to quality education, healthcare, public transport, and recreational facilities, further perpetuating inequalities.

Addressing socio-spatial segregation requires equitable urban planning and housing policies that promote mixed-income neighborhoods, affordable housing, and access to amenities for all residents. It also requires efforts to address underlying social and economic inequalities that contribute to segregation in the first place.

Synonyms

The following terms are synonymous with sociospatial segregation:

social spatial segregation; socio spatial segregation; socioespatial segregation; spatial social segregation.

References and literature addressing this segregation form under these synonymous terms can be found below.

Related segregation forms

Sociospatial segregation is frequently discussed in the literature with the following segregation forms:

social segregation, spatial segregation, residential segregation, urban segregation, self segregation, racial segregation, ethnic segregation, school segregation, multigroup segregation, geographical segregation, class segregation, cultural segregation

This visualization is based on the study The Multidisciplinary Landscape of Segregation Research.

For the complete network of interrelated segregation forms, please refer to:

• First year of publication

• Louvain clusters

• Betweenness centrality

• Disciplines in which segregation forms first emerged (Scopus database).

Notes

At its current state, this definition has been generated by a Large Language Model (LLM) so far without review by an independent researcher or a member of the curating team of segregation experts that keep the Segregation Wiki online. While we strive for accuracy, we cannot guarantee its reliability, completeness and timeliness. Please use this content with caution and verify information as needed. Also, feel free to improve on the definition as you see fit, including the use of references and other informational resources. We value your input in enhancing the quality and accuracy of the definitions of segregation forms collectively offered in the Segregation Wiki ©.

Sociospatial segregation appears in the following literature

TERHORST P., VAN DE VEN J. (199). THE TERRITORIAL STRATEGIES OF AMSTERDAM. Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie, 81(4), 267-279. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9663.1990.tb01326.x

Portugali J., Benenson I., Omer I. (1994). Sociospatial Residential Dynamics: Stability and Instability within a Self Organizing City. Geographical Analysis, 26(4), 321-340. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-4632.1994.tb00329.x

Portugali J., Benenson I., Omer I. (1997). Spatial cognitive dissonance and sociospatial emergence in a self organizing city. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 24(2), 263-285. Pion Limited.https://doi.org/10.1068/b240263

Wießner R. (1999). Urban development in East Germany Specific features of urban transformation processes. GeoJournal, 49(1), 43-51. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007016912703

Gaffikin F., Morrissey M. (2001). Regional Development: An integrated approach?. Local Economy: The Journal of the Local Economy Policy Unit, 16(1), 63-71. https://doi.org/10.1080/026909401300050812

De Souza M.L. (2001). Metropolitan deconcentration, socio political fragmentation and extended suburbanisation: Brazilian urbanisation in the 1980's and 1990's. Geoforum, 32(4), 437-447. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7185(01)00018-5

Schnell I., Yoav B. (2001). The sociospatial isolation of agents in everyday life spaces as an aspect of segregation. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 91(4), 622-636. Blackwell Publishing Inc..https://doi.org/10.1111/0004-5608.00262

Lima J.J. (2001). Socio spatial segregation and urban form: Belém at the end of the 1990's. Geoforum, 32(4), 493-507. Elsevier Ltd.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7185(01)00019-7

Blumen O., Zamir I. (2001). Two social environments in a working day: Occupation and spatial segregation in metropolitan Tel Aviv. Environment and Planning A, 33(10), 1765-1784. https://doi.org/10.1068/a3452

Dubos-Paillard E., Freire-Diaz S., Girault F., Guermond Y., Hucy W., Mary J.-F. (2002). Uncertain Rouen; [Rouen incertaine]. Mappemonde, 2002(3), 15-19. https://doi.org/

Audirac I., Fitzgerald J. (2003). Information Technology (IT) and urban form: An annotated bibliography of the urban deconcentration and economic restructuring literatures. Journal of Planning Literature, 17(4), 480-488. https://doi.org/10.1177/0885412203017004002

Torrens P.M., Benenson I. (2005). Geographic Automata Systems. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 19(4), 385-412. https://doi.org/10.1080/13658810512331325139

Nkwenkeu M., Pettang C., Louzolo-Kimbembé P. (2005). Cartography of the segregation as a tool of decision making aid for the fight against poverty: Case of the town of Yaounde (Cameroon). Building and Environment, 40(10), 1375-1383. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2004.10.015

Atkinson R., Blandy S., Flint J., Lister D. (2005). Gated cities of today? Barricaded residential development in England. Town Planning Review, 76(4), 401-422. Liverpool University Press.https://doi.org/10.3828/tpr.76.4.3

de Souza M.L. (2005). Urban planning in an age of fear: The case of Rio de Janeiro. International Development Planning Review, 27(1), 1-19. Liverpool University Press.https://doi.org/10.3828/idpr.27.1.2

Meng G., Hall G.B., Roberts S. (2006). Multi group segregation indices for measuring ordinal classes. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 30(3), 275-299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2005.06.005

Norris M., Coates D. (2007). The uneven geography of housing allowance claims in Ireland: Administrative, financial and social implications. European Journal of Housing Policy, 7(4), 435-458. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616710701650468

Nguyen M.T. (2007). Local growth control at the ballot box: Real effects or symbolic politics?. Journal of Urban Affairs, 29(2), 129-147. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9906.2007.00331.x

Tammaru T., Leetmaa K. (2007). Suburbanisation in relation to education in the Tallinn metropolitan area. Population, Space and Place, 13(4), 279-292. https://doi.org/10.1002/psp.444

Arbaci S. (2007). Ethnic segregation, housing systems and welfare regimes in Europe. European Journal of Housing Policy, 7(4), 401-433. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616710701650443

Peters P.A., Skop E.H. (2007). Socio spatial segregation in Metropolitan Lima, Peru. Journal of Latin American Geography, 6(1), 149-171. University of Texas Press.https://doi.org/10.1353/lag.2007.0009

Pflieger G., Matthieussent S. (2008). Water and power in Santiago de Chile: Socio spatial segregation through network integration. Geoforum, 39(6), 1907-1921. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2008.09.001

Watt P. (2009). Living in an oasis: Middle class disaffiliation and selective belonging in an english suburb. Environment and Planning A, 41(12), 2874-2892. https://doi.org/10.1068/a41120

Fincher R., Shaw K. (2009). The unintended segregation of transnational students in central Melbourne. Environment and Planning A, 41(8), 1884-1902. https://doi.org/10.1068/a41126

O'Boyle N., Fanning B. (2009). Immigration, integration and risks of social exclusion: The social policy case for disaggregated data in the republic of Ireland. Irish Geography, 42(2), 145-164. https://doi.org/10.1080/00750770903112795

Pow C.-P. (2009). 'Good' and 'real' places: A geographical moral critique of territorial place making. Geografiska Annaler, Series B: Human Geography, 91(2), 91-105. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0467.2009.00308.x

Arapoglou V.P., Sayas J. (2009). New facets of urban segregation in Southern Europe: Gender, migration and social class change in Athens. European Urban and Regional Studies, 16(4), 345-362. https://doi.org/10.1177/0969776409340187

Ocampo R.S., Salas J.L., Barroso V.P., Waldron B.P., González J.A. (2009). Bicentenary: An opportunity to rethink urban housing policies in Chile. Revista INVI, 24(67), 21-67. Instituto de la Vivienda.https://doi.org/

Jäger J. (2009). Land Rent Theory. International Encyclopedia of Human Geography, 112-117. Elsevier Inc..https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-008044910-4.01059-2

Gerőházi É., Somogyi E., Tosics I. (2009). How to tackle extreme deprivation and socio spatial segregation? Policy efforts and their results in Hungary. Urban Research and Practice, 2(2), 206-217. https://doi.org/10.1080/17535060902992025

Atkinson R., Blandy S. (2009). Gated Communities/Privatopias. International Encyclopedia of Human Geography, 297-301. Elsevier Inc..https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-008044910-4.01049-X

Charmes E. (201). Cul de sacs, superblocks and environmental areas as supports of residential territorialization. Journal of Urban Design, 15(3), 357-374. https://doi.org/10.1080/13574809.2010.487811

Motte-Baumvol B., Massot M.-H., Byrd A.M. (201). Escaping car dependence in the outer suburbs of Paris. Urban Studies, 47(3), 604-619. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098009349773

Fahey T., Fanning B. (201). Immigration and socio spatial segregation in Dublin, 1996 2006. Urban Studies, 47(8), 1625-1642. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098009353624

Borsdorf A., Hidalgo R. (201). From Polarization to Fragmentation. Recent Changes in Latin American Urbanization. GeoJournal Library, 97(), 23-34. Springer Science and Business Media B.V..https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3739-8_2

Erkuş-ÖZTÜRK H. (201). Planning of tourism development: The case of Antalya. Anatolia, 21(1), 107-122. Routledge.https://doi.org/10.1080/13032917.2010.9687093

Tosics I. (2011). Housing and the State in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe. International Encyclopedia of Housing and Home, 355-362. Elsevier.https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-047163-1.00063-1

Lange W., Alves F. (2011). Spatial index of educational opportunities: Rio de Janeiro and Belo Horizonte. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 21(), 287-293. Elsevier Ltd.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.07.043

Villaseñor U.Z. (2011). No go areas and chic places: Socio spatial segregation and Stigma in Guadalajara. Selling EthniCity: Urban Cultural Politics in the Americas, 261-273. Ashgate Publishing Ltd.https://doi.org/

Marcińczak S., Sagan I. (2011). The socio spatial restructuring of Łódź, Poland. Urban Studies, 48(9), 1789-1809. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098010379276

Pérez A.L.P. (2011). Quality of Habitat for social housing. solutions developed between 2000 and 2007 in Bogotá; [La calidad del hábitat para la vivienda de interés social. soluciones desarrolladas entre 2000 y 2007 en Bogotá]. Revista INVI, 26(72), 95-126. https://doi.org/

Smith D.P., Edwards R., Caballero C. (2011). The geographies of mixed ethnicity families. Environment and Planning A, 43(6), 1455-1476. https://doi.org/10.1068/a43334

Colomb C. (2011). Urban regeneration and policies of 'social mixing' in British cities: A critical assessment. Architecture, City and Environment, 223-243. Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya.https://doi.org/

Tapada-Berteli T., Arbaci S. (2011). Urban regeneration projects in Barcelona against the socio spatial segregation (1986 2009): Solution or Myth?; [Proyectos de regeneracion urbana en barcelona contra la segregacion socioespacial (1986 2009): ¿solución o mito?]. Architecture, City and Environment, 187-222. Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya.https://doi.org/

López N.S., Villarreal L.Z., Contreras T.R., Salvatierra N.M. (2011). Land management, tourism and the environment in Valle de Bravo, Mexico; [Ordenamiento territorial, turismo y ambiente en Valle de Bravo, México]. Cuadernos Geograficos, 233-250. University of Granada.https://doi.org/

Pacione M. (2011). Continuity and change in scotland's first garden suburb: The genesis and development of pollokshields, glasgow. Urban Geography, 32(1), 23-49. https://doi.org/10.2747/0272-3638.32.1.23

Rumpfhuber A., Klein M., Kolmayr G. (2012). Almost all right: Vienna's Social Housing Provision. Architectural Design, 82(4), 88-93. https://doi.org/10.1002/ad.1435

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De Oueiroz Ribeiro L.C., Corrêa F.S. (2012). Political culture, citizenship and representation in the ‘urbs’ without ‘civitas’: the metropolis of Rio de Janeiro; [Cultura política, cidadania e representação na urbs sem civitas: a metrópole do Rio de Janeiro.]. Sociologias, 14(30), 156-193. Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas-UFRGS.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51899-2_13

Wang D., Li F., Chai Y. (2012). Activity spaces and sociospatial segregation in Beijing. Urban Geography, 33(2), 256-277. https://doi.org/10.2747/0272-3638.33.2.256

Borsdorf A., Santiago C.M., Sánchez R. (2012). Mountains, deserts, beaches and glaciers: Recent developments in chilean tourism. Chile: Environmental, Political and Social Issues, 147-158. Nova Science Publishers, Inc..https://doi.org/

Borsdorf A., Santiago C.M., Sánchez R. (2012). Changes in urbanization processes: The intermediate cities in the chilean urban system. Chile: Environmental, Political and Social Issues, 159-173. Nova Science Publishers, Inc..https://doi.org/

Murdie R.A. (2013). The welfare state, economic restructuring and immigrant flows: Impacts on socio spatial segregation in Greater Toronto. Urban Segregation and the Welfare State: Inequality and Exclusion in Western Cities, 64-93. Taylor and Francis.https://doi.org/

Gauvin L., Vignes A., Nadal J.-P. (2013). Modeling urban housing market dynamics: Can the socio spatial segregation preserve some social diversity?. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 37(7), 1300-1321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jedc.2013.03.001

Ley D. (2013). Asian immigrants in Vancouver: From caste to class in socio spatial segregation?. Immigrant Adaptation in Multi-Ethnic Societies: Canada, Taiwan, and the United States, 54-63. Taylor and Francis.https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203094815

Hill D., Athique A. (2013). Multiplexes, corporatised leisure and the geography of opportunity in India. Inter-Asia Cultural Studies, 14(4), 600-614. https://doi.org/10.1080/14649373.2013.831198

Sánchez F., Broudehoux A.-M. (2013). Mega events and urban regeneration in Rio de Janeiro: Planning in a state of emergency. International Journal of Urban Sustainable Development, 5(2), 132-153. https://doi.org/10.1080/19463138.2013.839450

Borsdorf A., Hidalgo R. (2013). Revitalization and tugurization in the historical centre of Santiago de Chile. Cities, 31(), 96-104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2012.09.005

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Mioto B. (2013). The program "my house, my life" and socio spatial segregation: The role of the state capital and developer in construction of Brazilian urban; [O programa "minha casa, minha vida" e a segregação sócio espacial: A atuação do capital incorporador e do estado na construção do urbano Brasileiro]. Cuadernos de Vivienda y Urbanismo, -. Pontificia Universidad Javeriana.https://doi.org/

Jojoa Villarraga J.P., Marmolejo Duarte C. (2013). Assessing the impact of socioeconomic stratification in the formation of land values in Bogotá D.C; [Evaluación del impacto de la estratificación socioeconómica en la formación del valor del suelo en bogotá D.C]. Architecture, City and Environment, 95-124. Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya.https://doi.org/10.5821/ace.8.23.2598

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Gainza X., Livert F. (2013). Urban form and the environmental impact of commuting in a segregated city, Santiago de Chile. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 40(3), 507-522. Pion Limited.https://doi.org/10.1068/b38045

Madoré F. (2013). Trends in residential segregation in urban area. The case of the urban area of Nantes; [Évolution de la ségrégation socio spatiale en milieu urbain. le cas de l'aire urbaine de Nantes]. Annales de Geographie, 123(692), 371-392. Armand Colin.https://doi.org/10.3917/ag.692.0371

Argüelles León B.E., Argüello Méndez T.R. (2013). Urban mobility: Flag of fragmentation and social spatial segregation; [La movilidad Urbana: Indicador de la fragmentación espacial y segregación social]. Cuadernos de Vivienda y Urbanismo, -. Pontificia Universidad Javeriana.https://doi.org/

Olavarria Berenguer L. (2014). The Favelas of Rio de Janeiro: A study of socio spatial segregation and racial discrimination. Iberoamerican Journal of Development Studies, 3(1), 104-134. Universidad de Zaragoza.https://doi.org/10.26754/ojs_ried/ijds.87

García C., Carrasco J.A., Rojas C. (2014). The urban context and social interactions: Duality of recreational spaces of the high and low income sectors in Concepcion, Chile; [El contexto urbano y las interacciones sociales: Dualidad del espacio de actividades de sectores de ingresos altos y bajos en Concepción, Chile]. Eure, 40(121), 53-55. Revista de Geografia Norte Grande.https://doi.org/

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Daskalova D., Slaev A.D. (2015). Diversity in the suburbs: Socio spatial segregation and mix in post socialist Sofia. Habitat International, 50(), 42-50. Elsevier Ltd.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2015.07.007

Labbé D., Boudreau J.-A. (2015). Local integration experiments in the new urban areas of Hanoi. South East Asia Research, 23(2), 245-262. University of London.https://doi.org/10.5367/sear.2015.0259

Harrison P., Todes A. (2015). Spatial transformations in a "loosening state": South Africa in a comparative perspective. Geoforum, 61(), 148-162. Elsevier Ltd.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2015.03.003

Schnell I., Diab A.A.B., Benenson I. (2015). A global index for measuring socio spatial segregation versus integration. Applied Geography, 58(), 179-188. Elsevier Ltd.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2015.01.008

Wang D., He S. (2015). Mobility, sociability and well being of urban living. Mobility, Sociability and Well-Being of Urban Living, 1-282. Springer Berlin Heidelberg.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48184-4

Wu Y.-F., Xu H.-G., Lew A.A. (2015). Consumption led mobilized urbanism: socio spatial separation in the second home city of Sanya. Mobilities, 10(1), 136-154. Routledge.https://doi.org/10.1080/17450101.2013.853952

Villaseñor U.Z. (2016). No go areas and chic places: Socio spatial segregation and stigma in Guadalajara. Selling EthniCity: Urban Cultural Politics in the Americas, 261-273. Taylor and Francis.https://doi.org/

Michelini J.J., Pintos P. (2016). Metropolitan expansion and new socio spatial segregation scenarios in contemporary Argentina. The case of Nordelta Las Tunas (Buenos Aires). Habitat International, 54(), 40-49. Elsevier Ltd.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2015.08.011

Borsdorf A., Hildalgo R., Vidal-Koppmann S. (2016). Social segregation and gated communities in Santiago de Chile and Buenos Aires. A comparison. Habitat International, 54(), 18-27. Elsevier Ltd.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2015.11.033

André S., Dewilde C. (2016). Home ownership and support for government redistribution. Comparative European Politics, 14(3), 319-348. Palgrave Macmillan Ltd..https://doi.org/10.1057/cep.2014.31

Glebbeek M.-L., Koonings K. (2016). Between Morro and Asfalto. Violence, insecurity and socio spatial segregation in Latin American cities. Habitat International, 54(), 3-9. Elsevier Ltd.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2015.08.012

Fernández de Córdova G., Fernández-Maldonado A.M., del Pozo J.M. (2016). Recent changes in the patterns of socio spatial segregation in Metropolitan Lima. Habitat International, 54(), 28-39. Elsevier Ltd.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2015.08.016

Van Noorloos F., Steel G. (2016). Lifestyle migration and socio spatial segregation in the urban(izing) landscapes of Cuenca (Ecuador) and Guanacaste (Costa Rica). Habitat International, 54(), 50-57. Elsevier Ltd.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2015.08.014

Salvati L., Ridolfi E., Pujol D.S., Ruiz P.S. (2016). Latent sprawl, divided Mediterranean landscapes: Urban growth, swimming pools, and the socio spatial structure of Athens, Greece. Urban Geography, 37(2), 296-312. Routledge.https://doi.org/10.1080/02723638.2015.1058115

Duchateau G., Gibout C., Verschave G. (2016). The paradox of sports facilities. Concurrences of justifications and socio spatial segregation: A reading from the case of Calais (France); [Le paradoxe des équipements sportifs. Concurrences de justifications et ségrégation socio spatiale: Une lecture à partir du cas de Calais (France)]. Loisir et Societe, 39(1), 87-103. Taylor and Francis Inc..https://doi.org/10.1080/07053436.2016.1151218

Poynter G., Viehoff V. (2016). Introduction: Cities and sports mega events. Mega-Event Cities: Urban Legacies of Global Sports Events, 1-7. Taylor and Francis.https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315594798

Lima J.J. (2016). Urban Reform and development regulation: The case of Belém, Brazil. Designing Sustainable Cities in the Developing World, 135-149. Taylor and Francis.https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315576763-19

Yang Y. (2017). Segregation and Exclusion: A Politics of Fear in Cormac McCarthy’s Child of God. Critique - Studies in Contemporary Fiction, 58(5), 538-547. Routledge.https://doi.org/10.1080/00111619.2017.1333486

Tereškinas A., Žilys A. (2017). Distrust, powerlessness and sociospatial differentiation in Lithuanian cities. Trames, 21(4), 345-369. Estonian Academy Publishers.https://doi.org/10.3176/tr.2017.4.04

Ozkazanc S., Sonmez N.O. (2017). An assessment relationship between social exclusion and transportation. Engineering Tools and Solutions for Sustainable Transportation Planning, 99-127. IGI Global.https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2116-7.ch005

Morrison N. (2017). Selling the family silver? Institutional entrepreneurship and asset disposal in the English housing association sector. Urban Studies, 54(12), 2856-2873. SAGE Publications Ltd.https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098016653874

Almandoz A. (2017). Segregation and conflict in post modernist Caracas: from Pérez’s Gran Venezuela to Chávez’s Bolivarian Revolution*. Planning Perspectives, 32(4), 623-637. Routledge.https://doi.org/10.1080/02665433.2017.1348976

Mansour S. (2017). Spatial concentration patterns of South Asian low skilled immigrants in Oman: A spatial analysis of residential geographies. Applied Geography, 88(), 118-129. Elsevier Ltd.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2017.09.006

Wu Q., Cheng J., Young C. (2017). Social differentiation and spatial mixture in a transitional city Kunming in southwest China. Habitat International, 64(), 11-21. Elsevier Ltd.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2017.03.019

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