Spatial economic segregation

2012
canada

Spatial economic segregation refers to the division and separation of different socioeconomic groups within a geographic area. It occurs when people from different income levels or social classes, such as low-income versus high-income individuals, tend to live in separate neighborhoods or areas. This segregation can be based on factors like housing costs, access to amenities, and quality of public services.

Factors that contribute to spatial economic segregation include:

1. Housing prices: In many cities, housing costs vary significantly, making certain neighborhoods affordable only to wealthier individuals or families, leading to the concentration of higher-income residents in certain areas.

2. Gentrification: Gentrification is the process of renovating and improving neighborhoods, often leading to an increase in property values. This can result in the displacement of low-income residents who can no longer afford to live in the area, further segregating socioeconomic groups.

3. Zoning and land-use policies: Some cities have zoning regulations that separate residential areas from commercial or industrial areas. This can affect the availability of affordable housing and contribute to spatial economic segregation.

4. Transportation infrastructure: Limited access to efficient and affordable transportation can limit economic opportunities for low-income individuals, leading to their concentration in specific areas with lower mobility options.

5. Educational opportunities: Unequal distribution of quality schools affects the educational opportunities available to children from different socioeconomic backgrounds. This can lead to the clustering of wealthier families in neighborhoods with better schools.

Spatial economic segregation can have numerous negative impacts on society, including perpetuating income inequality, limiting social mobility, and exacerbating disparities in access to resources and opportunities. Efforts to reduce spatial economic segregation often involve policies that promote affordable housing initiatives, equitable distribution of public services, and investment in disadvantaged communities.

Further reading

Jimenez B.S. (2016) "Externalities in the Fragmented Metropolis: Local Institutional Choices and the Efficiency Equity Trade Off", American Review of Public Administration, 46(3), pp. 314-336. SAGE Publications Inc.. DOI: 10.1177/0275074014550703

Chen W.-H.; Myles J.; Picot G. (2012) "Why Have Poorer Neighbourhoods Stagnated Economically while the Richer Have Flourished? Neighbourhood Income Inequality in Canadian Cities", Urban Studies, 49(4), pp. 877-896. . DOI: 10.1177/0042098011408142