Official segregation

1999
united states

Official segregation refers to the systematic separation of individuals based on characteristics such as race, gender, nationality, or religion, as mandated by government authorities or institutional policies. Official segregation can take various forms, such as laws that mandate separate facilities or services for different groups, or policies that restrict individuals of certain groups from accessing certain opportunities. This form of segregation has been widely practiced throughout history, particularly in the United States with the implementation of Jim Crow laws that enforced racial segregation, and apartheid in South Africa which institutionalized racial segregation. The practice of official segregation has been widely condemned as a violation of human rights and is largely considered to be discriminatory and unjust.

Further reading

Posner R.A. (2016) "Book Review of Rattling the Cage: Toward Legal Rights for Animals by Steven M. Wise", The Animal Ethics Reader: Third Edition, 672-675. Taylor and Francis. DOI: 10.4324/9781315688718-68

McHugh P. (2005) "Shared being, old promises, and the just necessity of affirmative action", Human Studies, 28(2), pp. 129-156. . DOI: 10.1007/s10746-005-4189-z

Wiegman R. (2010) "Whiteness studies and the paradox of particularity", Interdisciplinarity and Social Justice: Revisioning Academic Accountability, 217-243. State University of New York Press. DOI: [1]

Wells J.E.; Buckley G.L.; Boone C.G. (2008) "Separate but equal? Desegregating Baltimore's gold courses", Geographical Review, 98(2), pp. 151-170. American Geographical Society. DOI: 10.1111/j.1931-0846.2008.tb00294.x

Marx A.W. (1999) "Class discord and racial order: Economic interests and racial domination in south africa and the united states", Politikon, 26(1), pp. 81-101. . DOI: 10.1080/02589349908705071