Postsocialist segregation

Date and country of first publication^[1]

2013
Poland

Definition

After the fall of socialist states in Eastern Europe in the late 1980s and early 1990s, the region experienced a period of economic and political transition. This transition also brought about various forms of segregation in post-socialist societies.

One of the most notable forms of segregation that emerged was ethnic segregation. In countries like Yugoslavia, the dissolution of the multi-ethnic state led to violent conflicts and the establishment of separate ethnic regions. This resulted in the creation of ethnically homogenous areas, where different ethnic groups lived separately from each other, often due to fear, mistrust, or historical animosities. In cities like Sarajevo or Mostar, neighborhoods became divided along ethnic lines, with Bosniaks, Croats, and Serbs living in distinct areas.

In addition to ethnic segregation, there was also a rise in economic segregation. The transition from planned economies to market economies led to drastic changes in the distribution of wealth and resources. As a result, social stratification increased, and certain groups, such as the newly rich or elites, were able to concentrate in exclusive neighborhoods or gated communities, while others were left living in dilapidated buildings or impoverished areas.

Gender segregation was another aspect of post-socialist societies. The dismantling of state-sponsored gender equality policies often resulted in a backlash against women's rights. Traditional gender roles were reinforced, and women faced specific barriers in accessing employment, education, and political participation. This contributed to the creation of separate spheres for men and women, both in public and private spaces.

Education segregation was also prevalent in post-socialist societies. Under socialism, education was accessible to all and often promoted social mobility. However, with the privatization of education, disparities emerged. Private schools and elite institutions emerged, catering to the wealthy and privileged, while public schools suffered from neglect and lack of resources, leading to educational inequalities.

These various forms of segregation in post-socialist societies reflected the complex and often turbulent transition from socialism to market economies. While some of these forms of segregation have decreased over time through social and economic progress, the legacies of the socialist era and the subsequent transition still shape social dynamics in these societies today.

SF Synonyms

post socialist segregation