American urban segregation

Date and country of first publication

2006
United States

Definition

American urban segregation refers to the spatial separation and division of communities along racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic lines in American cities. It is a product of historical practices, policies, and attitudes that have led to the concentration of certain racial and ethnic groups in specific neighborhoods or areas.

Historically, urban segregation in the United States can be traced back to slavery, when African Americans were often confined to specific neighborhoods or relegated to separate and inferior facilities. This pattern continued during the Jim Crow era, a period of legalized racial discrimination that lasted from the late 19th century to the mid-20th century.

One of the main factors contributing to urban segregation has been housing discrimination. During the mid-20th century, a practice known as redlining emerged, in which neighborhoods were categorized based on their racial composition. This led to the denial of mortgage loans and other financial assistance to African Americans and other minority groups, effectively trapping them in economically disadvantaged neighborhoods.

Government policies, such as the construction of public housing projects in predominantly minority neighborhoods, also contributed to urban segregation. These policies often concentrated poverty and limited access to quality schools, healthcare, and other resources.

While segregation has decreased since the Civil Rights era, it continues to persist in many American cities. Factors such as income inequality, limited affordable housing options, and the legacy of past discriminatory practices contribute to ongoing segregation patterns.

The consequences of urban segregation are far-reaching. It perpetuates social and economic disparities, as communities with fewer resources, opportunities, and services are often concentrated in segregated neighborhoods. Segregation also contributes to unequal access to quality education, healthcare, and employment opportunities, leading to a perpetuation of socioeconomic inequalities.

Efforts to address urban segregation have included fair housing laws, policies to promote community integration, and initiatives to increase affordable housing options in diverse neighborhoods. However, the challenges of combating segregation remain complex, requiring systemic and structural changes to address its underlying causes.

Notes

At its current state, this definition has been generated by a Large Language Model (LLM) so far without review by an independent researcher or a member of the curating team of segregation experts that keep the Segregation Wiki online. While we strive for accuracy, we cannot guarantee its reliability, completeness and timeliness. Please use this content with caution and verify information as needed. Also, feel free to improve on the definition as you see fit, including the use of references and other informational resources. We value your input in enhancing the quality and accuracy of the definitions of segregation forms collectively offered in the Segregation Wiki ©.

Further reading

Nightingale C.H. (2006) The transnational contexts of early twentieth century American urban segregation. Journal of Social History, 39(3), 667-702+952. Oxford University Press.[1]