First generation segregation

2015
united states

refers to the period in the United States following the Civil War and Reconstruction when laws and policies were enacted to enforce the separation of African Americans from white Americans in public spaces, schools, housing, and other areas of society. Examples of first generation segregation include the establishment of Jim Crow laws, the Supreme Court ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson that upheld segregation as constitutional, and the formation of separate facilities and institutions for black Americans. This era of segregation lasted from the late 19th century until the mid-20th century when the Civil Rights Movement successfully challenged these discriminatory practices.

Further reading

Mickelson R.A. (2015) "The Cumulative Disadvantages of First and Second Generation Segregation for Middle School Achievement", American Educational Research Journal, 52(4), pp. 657-692. SAGE Publications Inc.. DOI: 10.3102/0002831215587933