Historical racial segregation

Date and country of first publication^[1]

2017
United States

Definition

Historical racial segregation refers to the systematic separation and discrimination of individuals based on their race or ethnicity. It was prevalent in many parts of the world, but particularly notable in the United States during the era of Jim Crow laws.

In the United States, racial segregation was legally enforced through a series of laws and policies that aimed to separate white and black populations in various aspects of life, including education, housing, employment, transportation, and public facilities. These laws were established primarily in southern states after the Reconstruction era following the American Civil War and lasted from the late 19th century until the mid-20th century.

Under racial segregation, African Americans faced numerous forms of discrimination and unequal treatment. They were assigned separate and inferior facilities, such as schools, bathrooms, restaurants, and public transportation. They were also denied access to certain job opportunities, political participation, and the right to vote through practices like literacy tests and poll taxes.

The Supreme Court's landmark decision in the case of Plessy v. Ferguson in 1896 upheld the principle of "separate but equal," which allowed for racial segregation as long as the facilities provided for whites and blacks were theoretically equal. However, this rarely translated into equal treatment in practice, as facilities for black Americans were typically inferior.

Racial segregation became a deeply ingrained aspect of American society, perpetuating a cycle of inequality and discrimination. It was not until the mid-20th century with the emergence of the Civil Rights Movement that significant strides were made to dismantle segregation. Events like the Montgomery Bus Boycott, the sit-ins, and the Freedom Rides played a pivotal role in challenging and ultimately overturning segregation laws.

Ultimately, historical racial segregation left a lasting impact on society, contributing to disparities in education, wealth, and opportunities that persist to this day. While significant progress has been made, racial inequalities and the effects of segregation can still be seen in various social, economic, and political spheres.

Synonyms

The following terms are synonymous with:

historic racial segregation.

References and literature addressing this segregation form under these synonymous terms can be found below.

Related segregation forms

Historical racial segregation is frequently discussed in the literature with the following segregation forms:

racial segregation

Visualization based on the research

For the complete network of associated segregation forms, see:

First year of publication https://tinyurl.com/2235lkhw

Louvain clusters https://tinyurl.com/2d8wg5n3

Betweenness centrality https://tinyurl.com/223udk5r

Disciplines where segregation forms first appeared https://tinyurl.com/244d8unz

References

Notes

↑ Date and country of first publication as informed by the Scopus database (December 2023).

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