State segregation

1989
south africa

State segregation refers to the practice of separating or segregating people by race, ethnicity, or other social categories within a particular state or region. This term often refers specifically to the racial segregation that was legally enforced in many states in the United States from the late 19th century through the mid-20th century.

During this period, Jim Crow laws were implemented in many southern states, which enforced racial segregation in public facilities, schools, housing, and transportation. These laws were upheld by the Supreme Court decision in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896), which established the "separate but equal" doctrine.

State segregation was a systemic form of discrimination and oppression that enforced racial hierarchies and limited opportunities for African Americans and other minority groups. It resulted in separate and unequal living conditions, education, and employment opportunities for people of different races.

The Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s led to a gradual dismantling of state segregation, primarily through legal victories such as Brown v. Board of Education (1954) and the Civil Rights Act of 1964. However, the legacy of state segregation continues to impact communities and contribute to racial disparities in areas such as education, housing, and wealth accumulation.

Further reading

Reiter K. (2014) "The pelican bay hunger strike: Resistance within the structural constraints of a US supermax prison", South Atlantic Quarterly, 113(3), pp. 579-611. Duke University Press. DOI: 10.1215/00382876-2692191

Cárdenas Rivera M.E.; Díaz Chaves F. (2011) "Hegemony in Colombia: Caracterization and alternatives in the global power; [Hegemonía en Colombia: Caracterización y alternativas frente al poder global]", Utopia y Praxis Latinoamericana, 16(53), pp. 13-26. . DOI: [1]

Kousser J.M. (2002) "“The onward march of right principles”: State legislative actions on racial discrimination in schools in nineteenth century america", Historical Methods, 35(4), pp. 177-204. . DOI: 10.1080/01615440209601207

Levin A. (2019) "South African ‘know how’ and Israeli ‘facts of life’: the planning of Afridar, Ashkelon, 1949 1956", Planning Perspectives, 34(2), pp. 285-309. Routledge. DOI: 10.1080/02665433.2017.1389657

Steele A. (2019) "Civilian resettlement patterns in civil war", Journal of Peace Research, 56(1), pp. 28-41. SAGE Publications Ltd. DOI: 10.1177/0022343318820576

Brown F. (1994) "Brown and the politics of equality", The Urban Review, 26(4), pp. 227-242. Kluwer Academic Publishers-Human Sciences Press. DOI: 10.1007/BF02354370

Dauskardt R.P.A. (1989) "Local state, segregation and transport provision: The atteridgeville bus boycott, 1947", South African Geographical Journal, 71(2), pp. 109-115. . DOI: 10.1080/03736245.1989.9713518