Institutionalized segregation

1994
united states

Institutionalized segregation refers to a system of separating individuals or groups based on their race, ethnicity, religion, or other identity factors through formal laws, policies, or practices put in place by institutions such as government, schools, or businesses. This segregation is enforced and perpetuated by legal mechanisms and is deeply embedded within the societal structure, resulting in unequal opportunities, resources, and rights for marginalized groups.

A well-known example of institutionalized segregation is the Jim Crow era in the United States, where laws and policies were established to enforce racial segregation between white and black Americans in various aspects of life, including education, housing, public facilities, transportation, and voting rights.

Institutionalized segregation can have long-lasting and widespread effects on individuals, communities, and society as a whole. It reinforces systemic inequalities, perpetuates discrimination, and limits individuals' social, economic, and political opportunities. Overcoming institutionalized segregation often requires concerted efforts to change laws, policies, and social norms to promote equity and inclusivity.

Further reading

Yu B.; Epstein L.; Tisi V. (2021) "A discrit informed critique of the difference vs. disorder approach in speech language pathology", Critical Perspectives on Social Justice in Speech-Language Pathology, 105-128. IGI Global. DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-7134-7.ch006

Martin M.G. (2019) "Outsiders on the Inside: Italian Jewish Ghettos and Cholera in the 1830s", European History Quarterly, 49(1), pp. 28-49. SAGE Publications Ltd. DOI: 10.1177/0265691418816642

Mollica M.; Dingley J.C. (2015) "Sectarian dynamics of multicultural norms and the law in Lebanon: warning for the future of Northern Ireland", National Identities, 17(4), pp. 405-431. Routledge. DOI: 10.1080/14608944.2014.926879

Willink K. (2009) "Conclusion Moving On", Palgrave Studies in Oral History, 183-186. Palgrave Macmillan. DOI: 10.1057/9780230100572_11

Baker B. (2004) "The functional liminality of the not dead yet students, or, how public schooling became compulsory: A glancing history", Rethinking History, 8(1), pp. 5-49. . DOI: 10.1080/13642520410001649714

Maharaj B. (2020) "South African Urban Planning in the Twentieth and Twenty First Centuries Continuities between the Apartheid and Democratic eras?", Urban and Regional Planning and Development: 20th Century Forms and 21st Century Transformations, 101-112. Springer International Publishing. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-31776-8_6

Chen Y.; Fehr E.; Fischbacher U.; Morgan P. (2015) "Decentralized matching and social segregation", Games and Economic Behavior, 90(), pp. 17-43. Academic Press Inc.. DOI: 10.1016/j.geb.2014.11.004

Rothwell J.T. (2011) "Racial enclaves and density zoning: The institutionalized segregation of racial minorities in the United States", American Law and Economics Review, 13(1), pp. 290-358. . DOI: 10.1093/aler/ahq015

Zandavali B.A.; Anderson J.P.; Patel C. (2020) "Embodied Learning through Fabrication Aware Design", Proceedings of the International Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe, 2(), pp. 145-154. Education and research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe. DOI: [1]

Saxena K.B. (2018) "Manual scavengers: Apathetic state and callous society", Dalits, Subalternity and Social Change in India, 155-180. Taylor and Francis. DOI: 10.4324/9780429434501-11

Reynolds L.G. (2017) "Maintaining segregation: Children and racial instruction in the south, 1920 1955", Maintaining Segregation: Children and Racial Instruction in the South, 1920-1955, 1-223. Louisiana State University Press. DOI: [2]

Ford C. (2014) "Guiqiao (returned overseas Chinese) identity in the PRC", Journal of Chinese Overseas, 10(2), pp. 239-262. Brill Academic Publishers. DOI: 10.1163/17932548-12341283

Brandon L. (2009) "Remembering Carter Goodwin Woodson (1875 1950)", Curriculum Studies Handbook - The Next Moment, 125-137. Taylor and Francis. DOI: 10.4324/9780203877791-13

Farley R.; Frey W.H. (1994) "Changes in the segregation of whites from blacks during the 1980s: small steps toward a more integrated society", American Sociological Review, 59(1), pp. 23-45. . DOI: 10.2307/2096131