Sanctioned racial segregation

Date and country of first publication

2007
United States

Definition

Sanctioned racial segregation refers to the official laws and policies implemented by governments or authorities to separate different racial or ethnic groups in various aspects of life, such as housing, education, transportation, and public facilities. These policies were prevalent in many countries throughout history, especially during periods of systematic racial discrimination.

One notable example of sanctioned racial segregation is the system of apartheid in South Africa, which was implemented from 1948 to 1994. Under apartheid, various laws were put in place to enforce racial separation, including the establishment of separate residential areas, schools, hospitals, and public facilities for different racial groups. The system aimed to maintain white minority rule and suppress the rights and freedoms of non-white populations, especially Black South Africans.

Another well-known example is the Jim Crow laws in the United States, which were implemented from the late 19th century until the mid-20th century. These laws mandated racial segregation in public spaces, such as schools, restaurants, theaters, and public transportation, primarily targeting African Americans. These discriminatory measures aimed to maintain white supremacy and perpetuate racial inequality in the United States.

While sanctioned racial segregation has been widely condemned as a violation of human rights and equality, its effects continue to be felt even after its legal abolition. The legacy of these policies can still be seen in ongoing racial disparities and inequities in societies worldwide.

Notes

At its current state, this definition has been generated by a Large Language Model (LLM) so far without review by an independent researcher or a member of the curating team of segregation experts that keep the Segregation Wiki online. While we strive for accuracy, we cannot guarantee its reliability, completeness and timeliness. Please use this content with caution and verify information as needed. Also, feel free to improve on the definition as you see fit, including the use of references and other informational resources. We value your input in enhancing the quality and accuracy of the definitions of segregation forms collectively offered in the Segregation Wiki ©.

Further reading

Galletta A., Cross Jr. W.E. (2007) Past as present, present as past: Historicizing black education and interrogating "Integration". Contesting stereotypes and creating identities: Social categories, social identities, and educational participation, 15-41. Russell Sage Foundation.[1]

Maultsby P.K. (2016) Dayton Street Funk: The Layering of Multiple Identities. The Ashgate Research Companion to Popular Musicology, 259-282. Taylor and Francis.[2]

Kirkland F.M. (2017) Kant on race and transition. The Routledge Companion to the Philosophy of Race, 28-42. Taylor and Francis.[3]

Back C.J., Hsin S. (2019) "Affirmative action" and equal protection in higher education. Key Congressional Reports on Education, 1-69. Nova Science Publishers, Inc..[4]

Mickelson R.A., Ayscue J.B., Bottia M.C., Wilson J.J. (2022) The Past, Present, and Future of Brown’s Mandate: A View from North Carolina. American Behavioral Scientist, 66(6), 770-803. SAGE Publications Inc..[5]