Black white segregation

Date and country of first publication

1979
jersey

Definition

{NoteAI} Segregation based on race, specifically between black and white individuals, has been a longstanding issue in many societies. This segregation can manifest in various forms, such as housing patterns, access to educational opportunities, employment discrimination, and social segregation.

Historically, black-white segregation was enforced through laws and policies that upheld racial discrimination, such as Jim Crow laws in the United States. This led to a clear division between black and white communities, with black individuals often facing systemic barriers that limited their access to resources and opportunities.

Although many of these explicit forms of segregation have been officially abolished, there are still lingering effects that continue to perpetuate black-white segregation. This can be seen in the persistent racial wealth gap, disparities in educational outcomes, and unequal access to healthcare and housing.

Efforts to address black-white segregation require a comprehensive approach that addresses both the structural inequalities that perpetuate segregation and the individual biases that contribute to racial division. This includes implementing policies that promote integration, tackling systemic racism, and fostering meaningful dialogue and understanding between different racial groups.

Further reading

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Lieberson S.; Carter D.K. (1982) "A Model for Inferring the Voluntary and involuntary causes of residential segregation", Demography, 19(4), pp. 511-526. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.2307/2061016 10.2307/2061016]

Massey D.S. (1983) "A research note on residential succession: The hispanic case", Social Forces, 61(3), pp. 825-833. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1093/sf/61.3.825 10.1093/sf/61.3.825]

Darden J.T. (1984) "THE RESIDENTIAL SEGREGATION OF AMERICAN INDIANS IN METROPOLITAN AREAS OF MICHIGAN", Journal of Urban Affairs, 6(1), pp. 29-52. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9906.1984.tb00437.x 10.1111/j.1467-9906.1984.tb00437.x]

Farley J.E. (1986) "Segregated city, segregated suburbs: To what extent are they products of black white socioeconomic differentials?", Urban Geography, 7(2), pp. 164-171. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.2747/0272-3638.7.2.164 10.2747/0272-3638.7.2.164]

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Hess C.; Gabriel R.; Leibbrand C.; Crowder K. (2019) "Does Hypersegregation Matter for Black White Socioeconomic Disparities?", Demography, 56(6), pp. 2169-2191. Springer. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1007/s13524-019-00825-y 10.1007/s13524-019-00825-y]

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Mehra R.; Keene D.E.; Kershaw T.S.; Ickovics J.R.; Warren J.L. (2019) "Racial and ethnic disparities in adverse birth outcomes: Differences by racial residential segregation", SSM - Population Health, 8(), pp. -. Elsevier Ltd. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2019.100417 10.1016/j.ssmph.2019.100417]

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Kitchens K. (2021) "Dividing Lines: The Role School District Boundaries Play in Spending Inequality for Public Education", Social Science Quarterly, 102(1), pp. 468-491. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1111/ssqu.12886 10.1111/ssqu.12886]

Kitchens K.E. (2021) "Exit or invest: Segregation increases investment in public schools", Journal of Politics, 83(1), pp. 71-86. University of Chicago Press. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1086/708916 10.1086/708916]

Fiel J.E. (2022) "Opportunity Seeking Across Segregated Schools: Unintended Effects of Automatic Admission Policies on High School Segregation", Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 44(3), pp. 485-504. SAGE Publications Inc.. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.3102/01623737221078286 10.3102/01623737221078286]

Smith R.M.; Blizard Z.D. (2022) "Does Municipal Incorporation Influence Levels of Black White Segregation? Evidence from Counties in the Southern United States, 1990 2010", Southeastern Geographer, 62(3), pp. 253-270. University of North Carolina Press. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1353/sgo.2022.0028 10.1353/sgo.2022.0028]

Hackworth J. (2023) "Anti Black residential preferences in Toronto", Journal of Urban Affairs, -. Taylor and Francis Ltd.. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1080/07352166.2022.2157731 10.1080/07352166.2022.2157731]

Baker R.B.; Solanki S.M.; Kang C. (2023) "Horizontal and Vertical Racial Segregation in Higher Education: Examining Trends in California Public Colleges", Journal of Higher Education, 94(1), pp. 60-95. Routledge. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1080/00221546.2022.2131970 10.1080/00221546.2022.2131970]