Local segregation: Difference between revisions

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====== Date and country of first publication<ref>Date and country of first publication as informed by the Scopus database (December 2023).</ref>======
2002<br>
2002<br>
united states
United states
====== Definition ======
{{NoteAI}}


Local segregation refers to the separation of different racial or ethnic groups within a specific geographic area, such as a neighborhood, town, or city. This can be the result of various factors, including historical patterns of discrimination, economic disparities, and social attitudes. Local segregation can have negative impacts on communities, leading to unequal access to resources, limited social interactions, and perpetuation of stereotypes and prejudices. Efforts to address local segregation often involve policies and initiatives aimed at promoting diversity, inclusion, and equity in housing, education, and other areas.
Local segregation refers to the separation of different racial or ethnic groups within a specific geographic area, such as a neighborhood, town, or city. This can be the result of various factors, including historical patterns of discrimination, economic disparities, and social attitudes. Local segregation can have negative impacts on communities, leading to unequal access to resources, limited social interactions, and perpetuation of stereotypes and prejudices. Efforts to address local segregation often involve policies and initiatives aimed at promoting diversity, inclusion, and equity in housing, education, and other areas.
==See also==  
==See also==  
==References==  
==References==  
==Notes==
<references />
==Further reading==  
==Further reading==  


Khan M.Z.; Said R.; Mazlan N.S.; Nor N.M. (2023) "Measuring the occupational segregation of males and females in Pakistan in a multigroup context", Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 10(1), pp. -. Springer Nature. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85145603174&doi=10.1057%2fs41599-022-01498-6&partnerID=40&md5=d6c9ea7f429a1e04892fa0dc29707f78 10.1057/s41599-022-01498-6]
Wong D.W.S. (2002) "Modeling local segregation: A spatial interaction approach", Geographical and Environmental Modelling, 6(1), pp. 81-97. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1080/13615930220127305 10.1080/13615930220127305]


del Río C.; Alonso-Villar O. (2022) "On Measuring Segregation in a Multigroup Context: Standardized Versus Unstandardized Indices", Social Indicators Research, 163(2), pp. 633-659. Springer Science and Business Media B.V.. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85126797572&doi=10.1007%2fs11205-022-02911-y&partnerID=40&md5=cc705ab92d650fce5029dc7ec64d65d6 10.1007/s11205-022-02911-y]
Wong D.W.S. (2003) "Spatial decomposition of segregation indices: A framework toward measuring segregation at multiple levels", Geographical Analysis, 35(3), pp. 179-194. Ohio State University. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-4632.2003.tb01109.x 10.1111/j.1538-4632.2003.tb01109.x]


Lévêque C.; Saleh M. (2018) "Does industrialization affect segregation? Evidence from nineteenth century Cairo", Explorations in Economic History, 67(), pp. 40-61. Academic Press Inc.. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85027437791&doi=10.1016%2fj.eeh.2017.08.001&partnerID=40&md5=b68888c6fcf17f404cc82bf0914a4e13 10.1016/j.eeh.2017.08.001]
Le Goix R. (2005) "Gated communities: Sprawl and social segregation in Southern California", Housing Studies, 20(2), pp. 323-343. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1080/026730303042000331808 10.1080/026730303042000331808]


del Río C.; Alonso-Villar O. (2010) "Gender Segregation in the Spanish Labor Market: An Alternative Approach", Social Indicators Research, 98(2), pp. 337-362. . DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77955853622&doi=10.1007%2fs11205-009-9548-0&partnerID=40&md5=e5603a50f48027d9ddbd57e02f30eae5 10.1007/s11205-009-9548-0]
Pennick A.A.; Stanback H. (2006) "The affordable housing crisis in the chicago region", The New Chicago: A Social and Cultural Analysis, 231-238. Temple University Press. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/ ]


Kramer R.; Kramer P. (2019) "Diversifying but not Integrating: Entropic Measures of Local Segregation", Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, 110(3), pp. 251-270. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85042762091&doi=10.1111%2ftesg.12306&partnerID=40&md5=8be3119e0dd58f55ad386ac359961348 10.1111/tesg.12306]
Grady S.C.; McLafferty S. (2007) "Segregation, nativity, and health: Reproductive health inequalities for immigrant and native born black women in New York City", Urban Geography, 28(4), pp. 377-397. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.2747/0272-3638.28.4.377 10.2747/0272-3638.28.4.377]


Kasara K. (2017) "Does local ethnic segregation lead to violence?: Evidence from Kenya", Critical Finance Review, 11(4), pp. 441-470. Now Publishers Inc. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85048264967&doi=10.1561%2f100.00014115&partnerID=40&md5=1fd0834185e5a3b5d039c5514eb4effa 10.1561/100.00014115]
Chung S.-Y.; Brown L.A. (2007) "Racial/ethnic residential sorting in spatial context: Testing the explanatory frameworks", Urban Geography, 28(4), pp. 312-339. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.2747/0272-3638.28.4.312 10.2747/0272-3638.28.4.312]


Alonso-Villar O.; Del Río C. (2017) "Local Segregation and Well Being", Review of Income and Wealth, 63(2), pp. 269-287. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84953924084&doi=10.1111%2froiw.12224&partnerID=40&md5=b2ae30421de0bcac9f4e71ecf5db5f67 10.1111/roiw.12224]
Wong D.W. (2009) "Segregation Indices", International Encyclopedia of Human Geography, 70-75. Elsevier Inc.. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1016/B978-008044910-4.00512-5 10.1016/B978-008044910-4.00512-5]


Alonso-Villar O.; Del Río C. (2010) "Segregation of female and male workers in Spain: Occupations and industries", Hacienda Publica Espanola, 194(3), pp. 91-121. . DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80051883552&partnerID=40&md5=4a3ffbf62b98e030b2565d2627a3120e ]
del Río C.; Alonso-Villar O. (2010) "Gender Segregation in the Spanish Labor Market: An Alternative Approach", Social Indicators Research, 98(2), pp. 337-362. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-009-9548-0 10.1007/s11205-009-9548-0]


Van Assche J.; Ardaya Velarde S.; Van Hiel A.; Roets A. (2023) "Trust is in the eye of the beholder: How perceptions of local diversity and segregation shape social cohesion", Frontiers in Psychology, 13(), pp. -. Frontiers Media S.A.. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85147181139&doi=10.3389%2ffpsyg.2022.1036646&partnerID=40&md5=ea77190d597b046e507b9524c5fb5e1a 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1036646]
Alonso-Villar O.; Del Río C. (2010) "Segregation of female and male workers in Spain: Occupations and industries", Hacienda Publica Espanola, 194(3), pp. 91-121. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/ ]


Tseng H.-H.; Hsu C.-F.; Lu T.-H.; Yang Y.K.; Chen P.S.; Lin P.-T.; Chang Y.-P.E.; Weng J.-C. (2023) "Disrupted white matter network of brain structural connectomes in bipolar disorder patients revealed by q ball imaging", Journal of Affective Disorders, 330(), pp. 239-244. Elsevier B.V.. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85150059787&doi=10.1016%2fj.jad.2023.02.139&partnerID=40&md5=87a245573f2153f499389087d5f0ccb1 10.1016/j.jad.2023.02.139]
Alonso-Villar O.; del Río C. (2010) "Local versus overall segregation measures", Mathematical Social Sciences, 60(1), pp. 30-38. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1016/j.mathsocsci.2010.03.002 10.1016/j.mathsocsci.2010.03.002]


Chen V.C.-H.; Kao C.-J.; Tsai Y.-H.; Cheok M.T.; McIntyre R.S.; Weng J.-C. (2021) "Assessment of Disrupted Brain Structural Connectome in Depressive Patients With Suicidal Ideation Using Generalized Q Sampling MRI", Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 15(), pp. -. Frontiers Media S.A.. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85114728990&doi=10.3389%2ffnhum.2021.711731&partnerID=40&md5=86796f1533d5a3c949677b1fc15d8cd7 10.3389/fnhum.2021.711731]
Río C.D.; Alonso-Villar O. (2012) "Occupational segregation measures: A role for status", Research on Economic Inequality, 20(), pp. 37-62. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1108/S1049-2585(2012)0000020005 10.1108/S1049-2585(2012)0000020005]


Li J.; Lim J.; Chen Y.; Wong K.; Thakor N.; Bezerianos A.; Sun Y. (2016) "Mid task break improves global integration of functional connectivity in lower alpha band", Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 10(), pp. -. Frontiers Media S. A. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84975321479&doi=10.3389%2ffnhum.2016.00304&partnerID=40&md5=b7f4635d1cfcc3fb3ad445eda53fffc5 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00304]
Bhavnani R.; Donnay K.; Miodownik D.; Mor M.; Helbing D. (2014) "Group segregation and urban violence", American Journal of Political Science, 58(1), pp. 226-245. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12045 10.1111/ajps.12045]


Alonso-Villar O.; del Río C. (2010) "Local versus overall segregation measures", Mathematical Social Sciences, 60(1), pp. 30-38. . DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77953360530&doi=10.1016%2fj.mathsocsci.2010.03.002&partnerID=40&md5=263210352a7e5a5db1e3baff7ba28818 10.1016/j.mathsocsci.2010.03.002]
Krivo L.J.; Byron R.A.; Calder C.A.; Peterson R.D.; Browning C.R.; Kwan M.-P.; Lee J.Y. (2015) "Patterns of local segregation: Do they matter for neighborhood crime?", Social Science Research, 54(), pp. 303-318. Academic Press Inc.. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2015.08.005 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2015.08.005]


Khan M.Z.; Said R.; Mazlan N.S.; Nor N.M. (2023) "Occupational Gender Segregation in the Rural and Urban Labor Market of Pakistan", Population Review, 62(1), pp. 86-105. Sociological Demography Press. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85148584648&doi=10.1353%2fprv.2023.0003&partnerID=40&md5=561743c2942a14ebdba77e32246b67ed 10.1353/prv.2023.0003]
Krivo L.J.; Byron R.A.; Calder C.A.; Peterson R.D.; Browning C.R.; Kwan M.-P.; Lee J.Y. (2015) "Patterns of local segregation: Do they matter for neighborhood crime?", Social Science Research, 54(), pp. 303-318. Academic Press Inc.. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2015.08.005 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2015.08.005]


Brandén M.; Bygren M. (2022) "The opportunity structure of segregation: School choice and school segregation in Sweden", Acta Sociologica (United Kingdom), 65(4), pp. 420-438. SAGE Publications Ltd. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85121762544&doi=10.1177%2f00016993211068318&partnerID=40&md5=a1f8c450218ad2b0def4882720ffd0e7 10.1177/00016993211068318]
del Río C.; Alonso-Villar O. (2015) "The Evolution of Occupational Segregation in the United States, 1940 2010: Gains and Losses of Gender Race/Ethnicity Groups", Demography, 52(3), pp. 967-988. Springer Science and Business Media, LLC. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1007/s13524-015-0390-5 10.1007/s13524-015-0390-5]


Planey A.M.; Grady S.C.; Fetaw R.; McLafferty S.L. (2022) "Spaces of Segregation and Health: Complex Associations for Black Immigrant and US Born Mothers in New York City", Journal of Urban Health, 99(3), pp. 469-481. Springer. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85129034811&doi=10.1007%2fs11524-022-00634-6&partnerID=40&md5=053732f65035e12662df8afa07502011 10.1007/s11524-022-00634-6]
Li J.; Lim J.; Chen Y.; Wong K.; Thakor N.; Bezerianos A.; Sun Y. (2016) "Mid task break improves global integration of functional connectivity in lower alpha band", Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 10(), pp. -. Frontiers Media S. A. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2016.00304 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00304]


Fuller B.; Bathia S.; Bridges M.; Kim Y.; Galindo C.; Lagos F. (2022) "Variation in the Local Segregation of Latino Children Role of Place, Poverty, and Culture", American Journal of Education, 128(2), pp. 245-280. University of Chicago Press. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85123574508&doi=10.1086%2f717674&partnerID=40&md5=21722d00e3bb2584e7494d135c02ba3d 10.1086/717674]
Folch D.C.; Rey S.J. (2016) "The centralization index: A measure of local spatial segregation", Papers in Regional Science, 95(3), pp. 555-576. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1111/pirs.12145 10.1111/pirs.12145]


Zhang Y.; Cai L.; Song G.; Liu L.; Zhu C. (2022) "From Residential Neighborhood to Activity Space: The Effects of Educational Segregation on Crime and Their Moderation by Social Context", Annals of the American Association of Geographers, 112(8), pp. 2393-2412. Taylor and Francis Ltd.. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85131922037&doi=10.1080%2f24694452.2022.2060793&partnerID=40&md5=b21bdb567f073219b78a4edd47e0afb4 10.1080/24694452.2022.2060793]
Agrawal T. (2016) "Occupational Segregation in the Indian Labour Market", European Journal of Development Research, 28(2), pp. 330-351. Palgrave Macmillan Ltd.. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1057/ejdr.2015.10 10.1057/ejdr.2015.10]


He Q.; Musterd S.; Boterman W. (2022) "Geographical structure of the local segregation of migrants in (sub)urban China", GeoJournal, -. Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85133200362&doi=10.1007%2fs10708-022-10693-6&partnerID=40&md5=cab07962bd7a80028bc114b4190cd7d0 10.1007/s10708-022-10693-6]
Kasara K. (2017) "Does local ethnic segregation lead to violence?: Evidence from Kenya", Critical Finance Review, 11(4), pp. 441-470. Now Publishers Inc. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1561/100.00014115 10.1561/100.00014115]


de Kadt D.; Sands M.L. (2021) "Racial Isolation Drives Racial Voting: Evidence from the New South Africa", Political Behavior, 43(1), pp. 87-117. Springer. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85065190049&doi=10.1007%2fs11109-019-09547-8&partnerID=40&md5=cca4b6df1411480478299b61f0885952 10.1007/s11109-019-09547-8]
Alonso-Villar O.; Del Río C. (2017) "Local Segregation and Well Being", Review of Income and Wealth, 63(2), pp. 269-287. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1111/roiw.12224 10.1111/roiw.12224]


Feitosa F.; Barros J.; Marques E.; Giannotti M. (2021) "Measuring Changes in Residential Segregation in São Paulo in the 2000s", Urban Book Series, 507-523. Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85103601253&doi=10.1007%2f978-3-030-64569-4_26&partnerID=40&md5=66cb94e03bfc42c0631baf2252970bea 10.1007/978-3-030-64569-4_26]
Turunen P. (2017) "Community work as a socio spatial response to the challenge of glocal segregation and vulnerability", Social Work in a Glocalised World, 169-185. Taylor and Francis Inc.. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.4324/9781315628417 10.4324/9781315628417]


Sillero N.; Argaña E.; Matos C.; Franch M.; Kaliontzopoulou A.; Carretero M.A. (2020) "Local segregation of realised niches in lizards", ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 9(12), pp. -. MDPI AG. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85105141114&doi=10.3390%2fijgi9120764&partnerID=40&md5=edc0c707f5233328fed649b699054b37 10.3390/ijgi9120764]
Peterson R.D.; Krivo L.J.; Browning C.R. (2017) "Segregation and Race/Ethnic Inequality in Crime: New Directions", Taking Stock: The Status of Criminological Theory: Advances in Criminological Theory: Volume 15, 15(), pp. 169-188. Taylor and Francis. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.4324/9781315130620-7 10.4324/9781315130620-7]


Coffey D.; Deshpande A.; Hammer J.; Spears D. (2019) "Local Social Inequality, Economic Inequality, and Disparities in Child Height in India", Demography, 56(4), pp. 1427-1452. Springer Science and Business Media, LLC. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85068984111&doi=10.1007%2fs13524-019-00794-2&partnerID=40&md5=34e207b45428b1f30e365da24be723b9 10.1007/s13524-019-00794-2]
Kasara K. (2017) "Does local ethnic segregation lead to violence?: Evidence from Kenya", Quarterly Journal of Political Science, 11(4), pp. 441-470. Now Publishers Inc. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1561/100.00014115 10.1561/100.00014115]


Sydes M. (2019) "Where immigrants live: capturing ethnic segregation at the local level in two Australian cities", Australian Geographer, 50(2), pp. 221-241. Routledge. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85053712734&doi=10.1080%2f00049182.2018.1512184&partnerID=40&md5=116a419171911fea5fcdbd83aa0f1833 10.1080/00049182.2018.1512184]
Lévêque C.; Saleh M. (2018) "Does industrialization affect segregation? Evidence from nineteenth century Cairo", Explorations in Economic History, 67(), pp. 40-61. Academic Press Inc.. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1016/j.eeh.2017.08.001 10.1016/j.eeh.2017.08.001]


Wong D.W.S. (2019) "Segregation Indices", International Encyclopedia of Human Geography, Second Edition, 125-131. Elsevier. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85144676256&doi=10.1016%2fB978-0-08-102295-5.10316-6&partnerID=40&md5=a792e52ed8e33995122c7561cc68d149 10.1016/B978-0-08-102295-5.10316-6]
Tajima Y.; Samphantharak K.; Ostwald K. (2018) "Ethnic segregation and public goods: Evidence from Indonesia", American Political Science Review, 112(3), pp. 637-653. Cambridge University Press. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055418000138 10.1017/S0003055418000138]


Tajima Y.; Samphantharak K.; Ostwald K. (2018) "Ethnic segregation and public goods: Evidence from Indonesia", American Political Science Review, 112(3), pp. 637-653. Cambridge University Press. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85044178502&doi=10.1017%2fS0003055418000138&partnerID=40&md5=053c0c0ef319291aeaead736b9dd21d6 10.1017/S0003055418000138]
Kramer R.; Kramer P. (2019) "Diversifying but not Integrating: Entropic Measures of Local Segregation", Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, 110(3), pp. 251-270. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1111/tesg.12306 10.1111/tesg.12306]


Turunen P. (2017) "Community work as a socio spatial response to the challenge of glocal segregation and vulnerability", Social Work in a Glocalised World, 169-185. Taylor and Francis Inc.. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85027178505&doi=10.4324%2f9781315628417&partnerID=40&md5=08276c8187d68dd92db986ab92312d9f 10.4324/9781315628417]
Coffey D.; Deshpande A.; Hammer J.; Spears D. (2019) "Local Social Inequality, Economic Inequality, and Disparities in Child Height in India", Demography, 56(4), pp. 1427-1452. Springer Science and Business Media, LLC. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1007/s13524-019-00794-2 10.1007/s13524-019-00794-2]


Peterson R.D.; Krivo L.J.; Browning C.R. (2017) "Segregation and Race/Ethnic Inequality in Crime: New Directions", Taking Stock: The Status of Criminological Theory: Advances in Criminological Theory: Volume 15, 15(), pp. 169-188. Taylor and Francis. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85144948500&doi=10.4324%2f9781315130620-7&partnerID=40&md5=fbaddfc0ae7e15545a5f94ff324d5634 10.4324/9781315130620-7]
Sydes M. (2019) "Where immigrants live: capturing ethnic segregation at the local level in two Australian cities", Australian Geographer, 50(2), pp. 221-241. Routledge. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1080/00049182.2018.1512184 10.1080/00049182.2018.1512184]


Kasara K. (2017) "Does local ethnic segregation lead to violence?: Evidence from Kenya", Quarterly Journal of Political Science, 11(4), pp. 441-470. Now Publishers Inc. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85013389453&doi=10.1561%2f100.00014115&partnerID=40&md5=bfd7a1477141c9495bfd50992d9db7f8 10.1561/100.00014115]
Wong D.W.S. (2019) "Segregation Indices", International Encyclopedia of Human Geography, Second Edition, 125-131. Elsevier. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-102295-5.10316-6 10.1016/B978-0-08-102295-5.10316-6]


Folch D.C.; Rey S.J. (2016) "The centralization index: A measure of local spatial segregation", Papers in Regional Science, 95(3), pp. 555-576. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84984991266&doi=10.1111%2fpirs.12145&partnerID=40&md5=396f09a8bb623cdf5f576f75c89a235d 10.1111/pirs.12145]
Sillero N.; Argaña E.; Matos C.; Franch M.; Kaliontzopoulou A.; Carretero M.A. (2020) "Local segregation of realised niches in lizards", ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 9(12), pp. -. MDPI AG. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9120764 10.3390/ijgi9120764]


Agrawal T. (2016) "Occupational Segregation in the Indian Labour Market", European Journal of Development Research, 28(2), pp. 330-351. Palgrave Macmillan Ltd.. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84962218820&doi=10.1057%2fejdr.2015.10&partnerID=40&md5=9994b8dcde5e35952830b1ad8a9521da 10.1057/ejdr.2015.10]
Chen V.C.-H.; Kao C.-J.; Tsai Y.-H.; Cheok M.T.; McIntyre R.S.; Weng J.-C. (2021) "Assessment of Disrupted Brain Structural Connectome in Depressive Patients With Suicidal Ideation Using Generalized Q Sampling MRI", Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 15(), pp. -. Frontiers Media S.A.. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2021.711731 10.3389/fnhum.2021.711731]


Krivo L.J.; Byron R.A.; Calder C.A.; Peterson R.D.; Browning C.R.; Kwan M.-P.; Lee J.Y. (2015) "Patterns of local segregation: Do they matter for neighborhood crime?", Social Science Research, 54(), pp. 303-318. Academic Press Inc.. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84941045918&doi=10.1016%2fj.ssresearch.2015.08.005&partnerID=40&md5=8132c476395eefe1311fff5942932e13 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2015.08.005]
de Kadt D.; Sands M.L. (2021) "Racial Isolation Drives Racial Voting: Evidence from the New South Africa", Political Behavior, 43(1), pp. 87-117. Springer. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1007/s11109-019-09547-8 10.1007/s11109-019-09547-8]


Krivo L.J.; Byron R.A.; Calder C.A.; Peterson R.D.; Browning C.R.; Kwan M.-P.; Lee J.Y. (2015) "Patterns of local segregation: Do they matter for neighborhood crime?", Social Science Research, 54(), pp. 303-318. Academic Press Inc.. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84941045918&doi=10.1016%2fj.ssresearch.2015.08.005&partnerID=40&md5=8132c476395eefe1311fff5942932e13 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2015.08.005]
Feitosa F.; Barros J.; Marques E.; Giannotti M. (2021) "Measuring Changes in Residential Segregation in São Paulo in the 2000s", Urban Book Series, 507-523. Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64569-4_26 10.1007/978-3-030-64569-4_26]


del Río C.; Alonso-Villar O. (2015) "The Evolution of Occupational Segregation in the United States, 1940 2010: Gains and Losses of Gender Race/Ethnicity Groups", Demography, 52(3), pp. 967-988. Springer Science and Business Media, LLC. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84930868249&doi=10.1007%2fs13524-015-0390-5&partnerID=40&md5=fd06c654624a3c862cd91727239ebdfd 10.1007/s13524-015-0390-5]
del Río C.; Alonso-Villar O. (2022) "On Measuring Segregation in a Multigroup Context: Standardized Versus Unstandardized Indices", Social Indicators Research, 163(2), pp. 633-659. Springer Science and Business Media B.V.. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-022-02911-y 10.1007/s11205-022-02911-y]


Bhavnani R.; Donnay K.; Miodownik D.; Mor M.; Helbing D. (2014) "Group segregation and urban violence", American Journal of Political Science, 58(1), pp. 226-245. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84891485557&doi=10.1111%2fajps.12045&partnerID=40&md5=9bba1e018531e305e44771d2c29ca594 10.1111/ajps.12045]
Brandén M.; Bygren M. (2022) "The opportunity structure of segregation: School choice and school segregation in Sweden", Acta Sociologica (United Kingdom), 65(4), pp. 420-438. SAGE Publications Ltd. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1177/00016993211068318 10.1177/00016993211068318]


Río C.D.; Alonso-Villar O. (2012) "Occupational segregation measures: A role for status", Research on Economic Inequality, 20(), pp. 37-62. . DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84887099685&doi=10.1108%2fS1049-2585%282012%290000020005&partnerID=40&md5=96c12723ee2bdc63c041e711e3cb06d5 10.1108/S1049-2585(2012)0000020005]
Planey A.M.; Grady S.C.; Fetaw R.; McLafferty S.L. (2022) "Spaces of Segregation and Health: Complex Associations for Black Immigrant and US Born Mothers in New York City", Journal of Urban Health, 99(3), pp. 469-481. Springer. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1007/s11524-022-00634-6 10.1007/s11524-022-00634-6]


Wong D.W. (2009) "Segregation Indices", International Encyclopedia of Human Geography, 70-75. Elsevier Inc.. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85069581646&doi=10.1016%2fB978-008044910-4.00512-5&partnerID=40&md5=a398f5b58bc4eb7c91fc41ed67045135 10.1016/B978-008044910-4.00512-5]
Fuller B.; Bathia S.; Bridges M.; Kim Y.; Galindo C.; Lagos F. (2022) "Variation in the Local Segregation of Latino Children Role of Place, Poverty, and Culture", American Journal of Education, 128(2), pp. 245-280. University of Chicago Press. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1086/717674 10.1086/717674]


Grady S.C.; McLafferty S. (2007) "Segregation, nativity, and health: Reproductive health inequalities for immigrant and native born black women in New York City", Urban Geography, 28(4), pp. 377-397. . DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-36348998616&doi=10.2747%2f0272-3638.28.4.377&partnerID=40&md5=4728f5607b126ac3d2b1390c6ca97282 10.2747/0272-3638.28.4.377]
Zhang Y.; Cai L.; Song G.; Liu L.; Zhu C. (2022) "From Residential Neighborhood to Activity Space: The Effects of Educational Segregation on Crime and Their Moderation by Social Context", Annals of the American Association of Geographers, 112(8), pp. 2393-2412. Taylor and Francis Ltd.. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1080/24694452.2022.2060793 10.1080/24694452.2022.2060793]


Chung S.-Y.; Brown L.A. (2007) "Racial/ethnic residential sorting in spatial context: Testing the explanatory frameworks", Urban Geography, 28(4), pp. 312-339. . DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-36348941013&doi=10.2747%2f0272-3638.28.4.312&partnerID=40&md5=4fa34b8e45b0de565860353705df8c20 10.2747/0272-3638.28.4.312]
He Q.; Musterd S.; Boterman W. (2022) "Geographical structure of the local segregation of migrants in (sub)urban China", GeoJournal, -. Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-022-10693-6 10.1007/s10708-022-10693-6]


Pennick A.A.; Stanback H. (2006) "The affordable housing crisis in the chicago region", The New Chicago: A Social and Cultural Analysis, 231-238. Temple University Press. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84904713447&partnerID=40&md5=20d7803623d3b3906bb04c0ab807dacd ]
Khan M.Z.; Said R.; Mazlan N.S.; Nor N.M. (2023) "Measuring the occupational segregation of males and females in Pakistan in a multigroup context", Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 10(1), pp. -. Springer Nature. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-022-01498-6 10.1057/s41599-022-01498-6]


Le Goix R. (2005) "Gated communities: Sprawl and social segregation in Southern California", Housing Studies, 20(2), pp. 323-343. . DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-16344376926&doi=10.1080%2f026730303042000331808&partnerID=40&md5=b2cc1082d434893dd4ec1e96c71bbcb2 10.1080/026730303042000331808]
Van Assche J.; Ardaya Velarde S.; Van Hiel A.; Roets A. (2023) "Trust is in the eye of the beholder: How perceptions of local diversity and segregation shape social cohesion", Frontiers in Psychology, 13(), pp. -. Frontiers Media S.A.. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1036646 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1036646]


Wong D.W.S. (2003) "Spatial decomposition of segregation indices: A framework toward measuring segregation at multiple levels", Geographical Analysis, 35(3), pp. 179-194. Ohio State University. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0141572562&doi=10.1111%2fj.1538-4632.2003.tb01109.x&partnerID=40&md5=c58264f0c17405005467ec304a1826fb 10.1111/j.1538-4632.2003.tb01109.x]
Tseng H.-H.; Hsu C.-F.; Lu T.-H.; Yang Y.K.; Chen P.S.; Lin P.-T.; Chang Y.-P.E.; Weng J.-C. (2023) "Disrupted white matter network of brain structural connectomes in bipolar disorder patients revealed by q ball imaging", Journal of Affective Disorders, 330(), pp. 239-244. Elsevier B.V.. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2023.02.139 10.1016/j.jad.2023.02.139]


Wong D.W.S. (2002) "Modeling local segregation: A spatial interaction approach", Geographical and Environmental Modelling, 6(1), pp. 81-97. . DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036227171&doi=10.1080%2f13615930220127305&partnerID=40&md5=bf31eb66d8fd9b297864daa687283084 10.1080/13615930220127305]
Khan M.Z.; Said R.; Mazlan N.S.; Nor N.M. (2023) "Occupational Gender Segregation in the Rural and Urban Labor Market of Pakistan", Population Review, 62(1), pp. 86-105. Sociological Demography Press. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1353/prv.2023.0003 10.1353/prv.2023.0003]

Revision as of 17:42, 8 April 2024

Date and country of first publication[1]

2002
United states

Definition
At its current state, this definition has been generated by a Large Language Model (LLM) so far without review by an independent researcher or a member of the curating team of segregation experts that keep the Segregation Wiki online. While we strive for accuracy, we cannot guarantee its reliability, completeness and timeliness. Please use this content with caution and verify information as needed. Also, feel free to improve on the definition as you see fit, including the use of references and other informational resources. We value your input in enhancing the quality and accuracy of the definitions of segregation forms collectively offered in the Segregation Wiki ©.

Local segregation refers to the separation of different racial or ethnic groups within a specific geographic area, such as a neighborhood, town, or city. This can be the result of various factors, including historical patterns of discrimination, economic disparities, and social attitudes. Local segregation can have negative impacts on communities, leading to unequal access to resources, limited social interactions, and perpetuation of stereotypes and prejudices. Efforts to address local segregation often involve policies and initiatives aimed at promoting diversity, inclusion, and equity in housing, education, and other areas.

See also

References

Notes

  1. Date and country of first publication as informed by the Scopus database (December 2023).

Further reading

Wong D.W.S. (2002) "Modeling local segregation: A spatial interaction approach", Geographical and Environmental Modelling, 6(1), pp. 81-97. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1080/13615930220127305 10.1080/13615930220127305]

Wong D.W.S. (2003) "Spatial decomposition of segregation indices: A framework toward measuring segregation at multiple levels", Geographical Analysis, 35(3), pp. 179-194. Ohio State University. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-4632.2003.tb01109.x 10.1111/j.1538-4632.2003.tb01109.x]

Le Goix R. (2005) "Gated communities: Sprawl and social segregation in Southern California", Housing Studies, 20(2), pp. 323-343. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1080/026730303042000331808 10.1080/026730303042000331808]

Pennick A.A.; Stanback H. (2006) "The affordable housing crisis in the chicago region", The New Chicago: A Social and Cultural Analysis, 231-238. Temple University Press. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/ ]

Grady S.C.; McLafferty S. (2007) "Segregation, nativity, and health: Reproductive health inequalities for immigrant and native born black women in New York City", Urban Geography, 28(4), pp. 377-397. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.2747/0272-3638.28.4.377 10.2747/0272-3638.28.4.377]

Chung S.-Y.; Brown L.A. (2007) "Racial/ethnic residential sorting in spatial context: Testing the explanatory frameworks", Urban Geography, 28(4), pp. 312-339. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.2747/0272-3638.28.4.312 10.2747/0272-3638.28.4.312]

Wong D.W. (2009) "Segregation Indices", International Encyclopedia of Human Geography, 70-75. Elsevier Inc.. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1016/B978-008044910-4.00512-5 10.1016/B978-008044910-4.00512-5]

del Río C.; Alonso-Villar O. (2010) "Gender Segregation in the Spanish Labor Market: An Alternative Approach", Social Indicators Research, 98(2), pp. 337-362. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-009-9548-0 10.1007/s11205-009-9548-0]

Alonso-Villar O.; Del Río C. (2010) "Segregation of female and male workers in Spain: Occupations and industries", Hacienda Publica Espanola, 194(3), pp. 91-121. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/ ]

Alonso-Villar O.; del Río C. (2010) "Local versus overall segregation measures", Mathematical Social Sciences, 60(1), pp. 30-38. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1016/j.mathsocsci.2010.03.002 10.1016/j.mathsocsci.2010.03.002]

Río C.D.; Alonso-Villar O. (2012) "Occupational segregation measures: A role for status", Research on Economic Inequality, 20(), pp. 37-62. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1108/S1049-2585(2012)0000020005 10.1108/S1049-2585(2012)0000020005]

Bhavnani R.; Donnay K.; Miodownik D.; Mor M.; Helbing D. (2014) "Group segregation and urban violence", American Journal of Political Science, 58(1), pp. 226-245. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12045 10.1111/ajps.12045]

Krivo L.J.; Byron R.A.; Calder C.A.; Peterson R.D.; Browning C.R.; Kwan M.-P.; Lee J.Y. (2015) "Patterns of local segregation: Do they matter for neighborhood crime?", Social Science Research, 54(), pp. 303-318. Academic Press Inc.. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2015.08.005 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2015.08.005]

Krivo L.J.; Byron R.A.; Calder C.A.; Peterson R.D.; Browning C.R.; Kwan M.-P.; Lee J.Y. (2015) "Patterns of local segregation: Do they matter for neighborhood crime?", Social Science Research, 54(), pp. 303-318. Academic Press Inc.. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2015.08.005 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2015.08.005]

del Río C.; Alonso-Villar O. (2015) "The Evolution of Occupational Segregation in the United States, 1940 2010: Gains and Losses of Gender Race/Ethnicity Groups", Demography, 52(3), pp. 967-988. Springer Science and Business Media, LLC. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1007/s13524-015-0390-5 10.1007/s13524-015-0390-5]

Li J.; Lim J.; Chen Y.; Wong K.; Thakor N.; Bezerianos A.; Sun Y. (2016) "Mid task break improves global integration of functional connectivity in lower alpha band", Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 10(), pp. -. Frontiers Media S. A. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2016.00304 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00304]

Folch D.C.; Rey S.J. (2016) "The centralization index: A measure of local spatial segregation", Papers in Regional Science, 95(3), pp. 555-576. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1111/pirs.12145 10.1111/pirs.12145]

Agrawal T. (2016) "Occupational Segregation in the Indian Labour Market", European Journal of Development Research, 28(2), pp. 330-351. Palgrave Macmillan Ltd.. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1057/ejdr.2015.10 10.1057/ejdr.2015.10]

Kasara K. (2017) "Does local ethnic segregation lead to violence?: Evidence from Kenya", Critical Finance Review, 11(4), pp. 441-470. Now Publishers Inc. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1561/100.00014115 10.1561/100.00014115]

Alonso-Villar O.; Del Río C. (2017) "Local Segregation and Well Being", Review of Income and Wealth, 63(2), pp. 269-287. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1111/roiw.12224 10.1111/roiw.12224]

Turunen P. (2017) "Community work as a socio spatial response to the challenge of glocal segregation and vulnerability", Social Work in a Glocalised World, 169-185. Taylor and Francis Inc.. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.4324/9781315628417 10.4324/9781315628417]

Peterson R.D.; Krivo L.J.; Browning C.R. (2017) "Segregation and Race/Ethnic Inequality in Crime: New Directions", Taking Stock: The Status of Criminological Theory: Advances in Criminological Theory: Volume 15, 15(), pp. 169-188. Taylor and Francis. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.4324/9781315130620-7 10.4324/9781315130620-7]

Kasara K. (2017) "Does local ethnic segregation lead to violence?: Evidence from Kenya", Quarterly Journal of Political Science, 11(4), pp. 441-470. Now Publishers Inc. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1561/100.00014115 10.1561/100.00014115]

Lévêque C.; Saleh M. (2018) "Does industrialization affect segregation? Evidence from nineteenth century Cairo", Explorations in Economic History, 67(), pp. 40-61. Academic Press Inc.. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1016/j.eeh.2017.08.001 10.1016/j.eeh.2017.08.001]

Tajima Y.; Samphantharak K.; Ostwald K. (2018) "Ethnic segregation and public goods: Evidence from Indonesia", American Political Science Review, 112(3), pp. 637-653. Cambridge University Press. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055418000138 10.1017/S0003055418000138]

Kramer R.; Kramer P. (2019) "Diversifying but not Integrating: Entropic Measures of Local Segregation", Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, 110(3), pp. 251-270. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1111/tesg.12306 10.1111/tesg.12306]

Coffey D.; Deshpande A.; Hammer J.; Spears D. (2019) "Local Social Inequality, Economic Inequality, and Disparities in Child Height in India", Demography, 56(4), pp. 1427-1452. Springer Science and Business Media, LLC. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1007/s13524-019-00794-2 10.1007/s13524-019-00794-2]

Sydes M. (2019) "Where immigrants live: capturing ethnic segregation at the local level in two Australian cities", Australian Geographer, 50(2), pp. 221-241. Routledge. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1080/00049182.2018.1512184 10.1080/00049182.2018.1512184]

Wong D.W.S. (2019) "Segregation Indices", International Encyclopedia of Human Geography, Second Edition, 125-131. Elsevier. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-102295-5.10316-6 10.1016/B978-0-08-102295-5.10316-6]

Sillero N.; Argaña E.; Matos C.; Franch M.; Kaliontzopoulou A.; Carretero M.A. (2020) "Local segregation of realised niches in lizards", ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 9(12), pp. -. MDPI AG. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9120764 10.3390/ijgi9120764]

Chen V.C.-H.; Kao C.-J.; Tsai Y.-H.; Cheok M.T.; McIntyre R.S.; Weng J.-C. (2021) "Assessment of Disrupted Brain Structural Connectome in Depressive Patients With Suicidal Ideation Using Generalized Q Sampling MRI", Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 15(), pp. -. Frontiers Media S.A.. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2021.711731 10.3389/fnhum.2021.711731]

de Kadt D.; Sands M.L. (2021) "Racial Isolation Drives Racial Voting: Evidence from the New South Africa", Political Behavior, 43(1), pp. 87-117. Springer. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1007/s11109-019-09547-8 10.1007/s11109-019-09547-8]

Feitosa F.; Barros J.; Marques E.; Giannotti M. (2021) "Measuring Changes in Residential Segregation in São Paulo in the 2000s", Urban Book Series, 507-523. Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64569-4_26 10.1007/978-3-030-64569-4_26]

del Río C.; Alonso-Villar O. (2022) "On Measuring Segregation in a Multigroup Context: Standardized Versus Unstandardized Indices", Social Indicators Research, 163(2), pp. 633-659. Springer Science and Business Media B.V.. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-022-02911-y 10.1007/s11205-022-02911-y]

Brandén M.; Bygren M. (2022) "The opportunity structure of segregation: School choice and school segregation in Sweden", Acta Sociologica (United Kingdom), 65(4), pp. 420-438. SAGE Publications Ltd. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1177/00016993211068318 10.1177/00016993211068318]

Planey A.M.; Grady S.C.; Fetaw R.; McLafferty S.L. (2022) "Spaces of Segregation and Health: Complex Associations for Black Immigrant and US Born Mothers in New York City", Journal of Urban Health, 99(3), pp. 469-481. Springer. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1007/s11524-022-00634-6 10.1007/s11524-022-00634-6]

Fuller B.; Bathia S.; Bridges M.; Kim Y.; Galindo C.; Lagos F. (2022) "Variation in the Local Segregation of Latino Children Role of Place, Poverty, and Culture", American Journal of Education, 128(2), pp. 245-280. University of Chicago Press. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1086/717674 10.1086/717674]

Zhang Y.; Cai L.; Song G.; Liu L.; Zhu C. (2022) "From Residential Neighborhood to Activity Space: The Effects of Educational Segregation on Crime and Their Moderation by Social Context", Annals of the American Association of Geographers, 112(8), pp. 2393-2412. Taylor and Francis Ltd.. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1080/24694452.2022.2060793 10.1080/24694452.2022.2060793]

He Q.; Musterd S.; Boterman W. (2022) "Geographical structure of the local segregation of migrants in (sub)urban China", GeoJournal, -. Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-022-10693-6 10.1007/s10708-022-10693-6]

Khan M.Z.; Said R.; Mazlan N.S.; Nor N.M. (2023) "Measuring the occupational segregation of males and females in Pakistan in a multigroup context", Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 10(1), pp. -. Springer Nature. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-022-01498-6 10.1057/s41599-022-01498-6]

Van Assche J.; Ardaya Velarde S.; Van Hiel A.; Roets A. (2023) "Trust is in the eye of the beholder: How perceptions of local diversity and segregation shape social cohesion", Frontiers in Psychology, 13(), pp. -. Frontiers Media S.A.. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1036646 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1036646]

Tseng H.-H.; Hsu C.-F.; Lu T.-H.; Yang Y.K.; Chen P.S.; Lin P.-T.; Chang Y.-P.E.; Weng J.-C. (2023) "Disrupted white matter network of brain structural connectomes in bipolar disorder patients revealed by q ball imaging", Journal of Affective Disorders, 330(), pp. 239-244. Elsevier B.V.. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2023.02.139 10.1016/j.jad.2023.02.139]

Khan M.Z.; Said R.; Mazlan N.S.; Nor N.M. (2023) "Occupational Gender Segregation in the Rural and Urban Labor Market of Pakistan", Population Review, 62(1), pp. 86-105. Sociological Demography Press. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1353/prv.2023.0003 10.1353/prv.2023.0003]