Job segregation: Difference between revisions

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====== Date and country of first publication<ref>Date and country of first publication as informed by the Scopus database (December 2023).</ref>======
1963<br>
1963<br>
united states
United states
====== Definition ======
{{NoteAI}}


Job segregation refers to the practice of separating individuals into certain types of jobs based on their gender, race, age, or other protected characteristics. It is the result of discrimination and systemic biases in hiring practices and can contribute to unequal opportunities and treatment in the workplace.
Job segregation refers to the practice of separating individuals into certain types of jobs based on their gender, race, age, or other protected characteristics. It is the result of discrimination and systemic biases in hiring practices and can contribute to unequal opportunities and treatment in the workplace.
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==See also==  
==See also==  
==References==  
==References==  
==Notes==
<references />
==Further reading==  
==Further reading==  


Fodor E.; Glass C. (2018) "Labor market context, economic development, and family policy arrangements: Explaining the gender gap in employment in Central and Eastern Europe", Social Forces, 96(3), pp. 1275-1302. Oxford University Press. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85043695848&doi=10.1093%2fsf%2fsox080&partnerID=40&md5=5249f9492de45403dd4c08346aa38426 10.1093/sf/sox080]
Marshall R. (1963) "Some factors influencing the upgrading of negroes in the southern petroleu \1 refining industry", Social Forces, 42(2), pp. 186-195. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1093/sf/42.2.186 10.1093/sf/42.2.186]


Berik G.; van der Meulen Rodgers Y.; Seguino S. (2009) "Feminist economics of inequality, development, and growth", Feminist Economics, 15(3), pp. 1-33. . DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-70449913824&doi=10.1080%2f13545700903093524&partnerID=40&md5=c2ab2affe64fa8386e4c0def4e9907ea 10.1080/13545700903093524]
Stevenson M. (1973) "Women's Wages and Job Segregation", Politics & Society, 4(1), pp. 83-96. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1177/003232927300400104 10.1177/003232927300400104]


Kesler C. (2006) "Social policy and immigrant joblessness in Britain, Germany and Sweden", Social Forces, 85(2), pp. 743-770. . DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33846122272&doi=10.1353%2fsof.2007.0013&partnerID=40&md5=19a97ec8b5ff2c3d9fe5dc80c873b315 10.1353/sof.2007.0013]
Wisniewski S.C. (1982) "Achieving equal pay for comparable worth through arbitration.", Employee relations law journal, 8(2), pp. 236-255. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/ ]


Ngo H.-Y.; Foley S.; Wong A.; Loi R. (2003) "Who Gets More of the Pie? Predictors of Perceived Gender Inequity at Work", Journal of Business Ethics, 45(3), pp. 227-241. . DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0347301576&doi=10.1023%2fA%3a1024179524538&partnerID=40&md5=75b675d25b0a75f4ca82aff4dfe1b9af 10.1023/A:1024179524538]
Stahura J.M. (1983) "Determinants of Change in the Distribution of Blacks across Suburbs", Sociological Quarterly, 24(3), pp. 421-433. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1111/j.1533-8525.1983.tb00711.x 10.1111/j.1533-8525.1983.tb00711.x]


Katz E.N. (1999) "Revisiting the origins of the industrial colour bar in the Witwatersrand gold mining industry, 1891 1899", Journal of Southern African Studies, 25(1), pp. 73-97. Carfax Publishing Company. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-2542446645&doi=10.1080%2f030570799108768&partnerID=40&md5=1079055d4169208132aaea8fe78cdee7 10.1080/030570799108768]
Reskin B.F. (1988) "Bringing the men back in: Sex Differentiation and the Devaluation of Women's Work", Gender & Society, 2(1), pp. 58-81. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1177/089124388002001005 10.1177/089124388002001005]


Reskin B.F. (1988) "Bringing the men back in: Sex Differentiation and the Devaluation of Women's Work", Gender & Society, 2(1), pp. 58-81. . DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84936628942&doi=10.1177%2f089124388002001005&partnerID=40&md5=e33c33335669215cfe2b9aeee946df4f 10.1177/089124388002001005]
Hensman R. (1988) "The gender divisions of labour in manufacturing industry  a case study in india", South Asia Research, 8(2), pp. 133-153. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1177/026272808800800203 10.1177/026272808800800203]


Hensman R. (1988) "The gender divisions of labour in manufacturing industry  a case study in india", South Asia Research, 8(2), pp. 133-153. . DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0024147841&doi=10.1177%2f026272808800800203&partnerID=40&md5=978a7737dd24e451377e69e29cf714aa 10.1177/026272808800800203]
Williams R.M.; Smith P.R. (1990) "What else do unions do?: Race and gender in local 35", The Review of Black Political Economy, 18(3), pp. 59-74. Springer-Verlag. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1007/BF02717875 10.1007/BF02717875]


Kulis S.S.; Shaw H.E. (1996) "Racial segregation among postsecondary workers", Social Forces, 75(2), pp. 575-591. University of North Carolina Press. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0030316987&doi=10.1093%2fsf%2f75.2.575&partnerID=40&md5=32217ff6c093dd957bdf074f7bd8b367 10.1093/sf/75.2.575]
Hou J.W. (1991) "Wage comparison by gender and the effect of job segregation: The case of Taiwan", China Economic Review, 2(2), pp. 195-214. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1016/1043-951X(91)90004-R 10.1016/1043-951X(91)90004-R]


Marshall R. (1963) "Some factors influencing the upgrading of negroes in the southern petroleu \1 refining industry", Social Forces, 42(2), pp. 186-195. . DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34248980925&doi=10.1093%2fsf%2f42.2.186&partnerID=40&md5=e6df69dbe4ad4b990b933fa48c1a6b8b 10.1093/sf/42.2.186]
Morgan G.; Knights D. (1991) "Gendering jobs: Corporate strategy, managerial control and the dynamics of job segregation", Work Employment & Society, 5(2), pp. 181-200. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1177/0950017091005002003 10.1177/0950017091005002003]


Arora D.; Braunstein E.; Seguino S. (2023) "A macro analysis of gender segregation and job quality in Latin America", World Development, 164(), pp. -. Elsevier Ltd. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85145307156&doi=10.1016%2fj.worlddev.2022.106153&partnerID=40&md5=8d7b629816eed7c8244d3db62ac55cda 10.1016/j.worlddev.2022.106153]
Grand C. (1991) "Explaining the Male Female Wage Gap: Job Segregation and Solidarity Wage Bargaining in Sweden", Acta Sociologica, 34(4), pp. 261-277. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1177/000169939103400402 10.1177/000169939103400402]


Roberts G.; Schöer V. (2021) "Gender based segregation in education, jobs and earnings in South Africa", World Development Perspectives, 23(), pp. -. Elsevier Ltd. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85112395531&doi=10.1016%2fj.wdp.2021.100348&partnerID=40&md5=b2e72887970b880bdb33cab969d72c2a 10.1016/j.wdp.2021.100348]
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Tverdostup M. (2020) "Skills utilisation and gender: Estonian case study", Labour Market Institutions and Productivity: Labour Utilisation in Central and Eastern Europe, 164-187. Taylor and Francis. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85096266821&doi=10.4324%2f9781003009658-10&partnerID=40&md5=5b92c2df31511988c9392db41c02f851 10.4324/9781003009658-10]
Devine F. (1993) "Gender segregation and labour supply: On ‘choosing’ gender atypical jobs", British Journal of Education & Work, 6(3), pp. 61-74. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1080/0269000930060304 10.1080/0269000930060304]


Sato K.; Hashimoto Y.; Owan H. (2019) "Gender differences in Career", Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, 53(), pp. -. Academic Press Inc.. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85065062373&doi=10.1016%2fj.jjie.2019.04.001&partnerID=40&md5=c1c59240b11b57c76df65bc2a1e1fd99 10.1016/j.jjie.2019.04.001]
Tanski J.M. (1994) "The impact of crisis, stabilization and structural adjustment on women in Lima, Peru", World Development, 22(11), pp. 1627-1642. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1016/0305-750X(94)00073-5 10.1016/0305-750X(94)00073-5]


Hara H. (2018) "The gender wage gap across the wage distribution in Japan: Within  and between establishment effects", Labour Economics, 53(), pp. 213-229. Elsevier B.V.. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85046651089&doi=10.1016%2fj.labeco.2018.04.007&partnerID=40&md5=4a47639cac7d52962f86b27e558179ba 10.1016/j.labeco.2018.04.007]
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Core F. (1994) "Women and the restructuring of employment", OECD Observer, 186(), pp. 5-12. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/ ]


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Cardoso A.R.; Guimarães P.; Portugal P. (2016) "What drives the gender wage gap? A look at the role of firm and job title heterogeneity", Oxford Economic Papers, 68(2), pp. 506-524. Oxford University Press. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84963764842&doi=10.1093%2foep%2fgpv069&partnerID=40&md5=42cd2bfc9b69897f6a00120adae5ec03 10.1093/oep/gpv069]
Kulis S.S.; Shaw H.E. (1996) "Racial segregation among postsecondary workers", Social Forces, 75(2), pp. 575-591. University of North Carolina Press. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1093/sf/75.2.575 10.1093/sf/75.2.575]


Milkman R. (2016) "Class inequalities among women", Sociologia del Lavoro, 30-36. Franco Angeli Edizioni. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85009110539&doi=10.3280%2fSL2016-144003&partnerID=40&md5=5bc9fdadcee1f8ebaa12a42bad1ff00c 10.3280/SL2016-144003]
Kulis S. (1997) "Gender segregation among college and university employees", Sociology of Education, 70(2), pp. 151-173. American Sociological Association. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.2307/2673161 10.2307/2673161]


Han J.; Li S. (2017) "Internal migration and external benefit: The impact of labor migration on the wage structure in urban China", China Economic Review, 46(), pp. 67-86. Elsevier B.V.. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85028562338&doi=10.1016%2fj.chieco.2017.07.008&partnerID=40&md5=42dba9cf62eb14f71801f086ad004f63 10.1016/j.chieco.2017.07.008]
Hull R.P.; Umansky P.H. (1997) "An examination of gender stereotyping as an explanation for vertical job segregation in public accounting", Accounting, Organizations and Society, 22(6), pp. 507-528. Elsevier Ltd. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1016/S0361-3682(96)00028-1 10.1016/S0361-3682(96)00028-1]


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Fuess S.M.; Hou J.W. (2009) "Rapid economic development and job segregation in Taiwan", Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 30(2), pp. 171-183. . DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-63949085817&doi=10.1007%2fs10834-009-9146-y&partnerID=40&md5=dae5af35f1f3b2ccef063090c2d8dafe 10.1007/s10834-009-9146-y]
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Tanski J.M. (1994) "The impact of crisis, stabilization and structural adjustment on women in Lima, Peru", World Development, 22(11), pp. 1627-1642. . DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0028601934&doi=10.1016%2f0305-750X%2894%2900073-5&partnerID=40&md5=f60da4f80f432afb1b3396480488cbe9 10.1016/0305-750X(94)00073-5]
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Kidd M.; Goninon T. (2000) "Female concentration and the gender wage differential in the United Kingdom", Applied Economics Letters, 7(5), pp. 337-340. Routledge Journals. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0034057969&doi=10.1080%2f135048500351492&partnerID=40&md5=8a34bac655c4f7ec26eb98cb635d4570 10.1080/135048500351492]
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Mason P.L. (1999) "Male interracial wage differentials: Competing explanations", Cambridge Journal of Economics, 23(3), pp. 261-299. Oxford University Press. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0032815634&doi=10.1093%2fcje%2f23.3.261&partnerID=40&md5=d4eda89797f34e02584adaab8bba2da1 10.1093/cje/23.3.261]
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Maume Jr. D.J.; Houston P. (2001) "Job segregation and gender differences in work family spillover among white collar workers", Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 22(2), pp. 171-189. Springer New York LLC. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-2442687421&doi=10.1023%2fA%3a1016682213699&partnerID=40&md5=efd3c07cb16f92781571299c3d18c3fa 10.1023/A:1016682213699]
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Hou J.W. (1991) "Wage comparison by gender and the effect of job segregation: The case of Taiwan", China Economic Review, 2(2), pp. 195-214. . DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0008362136&doi=10.1016%2f1043-951X%2891%2990004-R&partnerID=40&md5=aedcbf399a4883f359c67bdfc1ff62b9 10.1016/1043-951X(91)90004-R]
Kidd M.; Goninon T. (2000) "Female concentration and the gender wage differential in the United Kingdom", Applied Economics Letters, 7(5), pp. 337-340. Routledge Journals. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1080/135048500351492 10.1080/135048500351492]


Williams R.M.; Smith P.R. (1990) "What else do unions do?: Race and gender in local 35", The Review of Black Political Economy, 18(3), pp. 59-74. Springer-Verlag. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-24944590807&doi=10.1007%2fBF02717875&partnerID=40&md5=15a1dee40f2f6ad1ef033ba46a3b79bc 10.1007/BF02717875]
Maume Jr. D.J.; Houston P. (2001) "Job segregation and gender differences in work family spillover among white collar workers", Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 22(2), pp. 171-189. Springer New York LLC. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016682213699 10.1023/A:1016682213699]


Morgan G.; Knights D. (1991) "Gendering jobs: Corporate strategy, managerial control and the dynamics of job segregation", Work Employment & Society, 5(2), pp. 181-200. . DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84970314748&doi=10.1177%2f0950017091005002003&partnerID=40&md5=5c54cfd00b57e75e26051c1bbeabd15b 10.1177/0950017091005002003]
Browne I.; Hewitt C.; Tigges L.; Green G. (2001) "Why does job segregation lead to wage inequality among African Americans? Person, place, sector, or skills?", Social Science Research, 30(3), pp. 473-495. Academic Press Inc.. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1006/ssre.2001.0708 10.1006/ssre.2001.0708]


Woodhams C.; Trojanowski G.; Wilkinson K. (2022) "Merit Sticks to Men: Gender Pay Gaps and (In)equality at UK Russell Group Universities", Sex Roles, 86(9-10), pp. 544-558. Springer. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85129879782&doi=10.1007%2fs11199-022-01277-2&partnerID=40&md5=67c90e7761e28bf1ced698e09cb08af8 10.1007/s11199-022-01277-2]
Ngo H.-Y.; Foley S.; Wong A.; Loi R. (2003) "Who Gets More of the Pie? Predictors of Perceived Gender Inequity at Work", Journal of Business Ethics, 45(3), pp. 227-241. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024179524538 10.1023/A:1024179524538]


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Revision as of 17:42, 8 April 2024

Date and country of first publication[1]

1963
United states

Definition
At its current state, this definition has been generated by a Large Language Model (LLM) so far without review by an independent researcher or a member of the curating team of segregation experts that keep the Segregation Wiki online. While we strive for accuracy, we cannot guarantee its reliability, completeness and timeliness. Please use this content with caution and verify information as needed. Also, feel free to improve on the definition as you see fit, including the use of references and other informational resources. We value your input in enhancing the quality and accuracy of the definitions of segregation forms collectively offered in the Segregation Wiki ©.

Job segregation refers to the practice of separating individuals into certain types of jobs based on their gender, race, age, or other protected characteristics. It is the result of discrimination and systemic biases in hiring practices and can contribute to unequal opportunities and treatment in the workplace.

Historically, women and minority groups have often been relegated to lower-paying and lower-status jobs, while men have dominated higher-paying and higher-status positions. The practice of job segregation can perpetuate stereotypes and reinforce inequalities, limiting the advancement and representation of certain groups in higher-level roles.

In many countries, laws and regulations have been established to combat job segregation and promote equal employment opportunities. These include laws like the Equal Pay Act, Title VII of the Civil Rights Act, and other antidiscrimination laws aimed at breaking down barriers and promoting diversity and inclusion in the workforce.

While progress has been made over the years, job segregation still persists in many industries and professions. Efforts to address this issue involve promoting diversity and inclusion in recruitment, providing equal opportunities for training and advancement, and challenging stereotypes and biases that contribute to job segregation.

Overall, job segregation is a detrimental practice that limits individual potential and hinders social progress. Creating inclusive workplaces where individuals of all backgrounds have equal opportunities for employment and advancement is crucial for creating a fair and equitable society.

See also

References

Notes

  1. Date and country of first publication as informed by the Scopus database (December 2023).

Further reading

Marshall R. (1963) "Some factors influencing the upgrading of negroes in the southern petroleu \1 refining industry", Social Forces, 42(2), pp. 186-195. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1093/sf/42.2.186 10.1093/sf/42.2.186]

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Wisniewski S.C. (1982) "Achieving equal pay for comparable worth through arbitration.", Employee relations law journal, 8(2), pp. 236-255. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/ ]

Stahura J.M. (1983) "Determinants of Change in the Distribution of Blacks across Suburbs", Sociological Quarterly, 24(3), pp. 421-433. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1111/j.1533-8525.1983.tb00711.x 10.1111/j.1533-8525.1983.tb00711.x]

Reskin B.F. (1988) "Bringing the men back in: Sex Differentiation and the Devaluation of Women's Work", Gender & Society, 2(1), pp. 58-81. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1177/089124388002001005 10.1177/089124388002001005]

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Hutton S. (1994) "Men's and women's incomes: evidence from survey data", Journal of Social Policy, 23(1), pp. 21-40. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1017/s0047279400021309 10.1017/s0047279400021309]

Kulis S.S.; Shaw H.E. (1996) "Racial segregation among postsecondary workers", Social Forces, 75(2), pp. 575-591. University of North Carolina Press. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1093/sf/75.2.575 10.1093/sf/75.2.575]

Kulis S. (1997) "Gender segregation among college and university employees", Sociology of Education, 70(2), pp. 151-173. American Sociological Association. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.2307/2673161 10.2307/2673161]

Hull R.P.; Umansky P.H. (1997) "An examination of gender stereotyping as an explanation for vertical job segregation in public accounting", Accounting, Organizations and Society, 22(6), pp. 507-528. Elsevier Ltd. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1016/S0361-3682(96)00028-1 10.1016/S0361-3682(96)00028-1]

Wong M.M.L. (1997) "Women's employment status in two Japanese retail stores in Hong Kong", Women in Management Review, 12(4), pp. 150-157. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1108/09649429710171181 10.1108/09649429710171181]

Jordan F. (1997) "An occupational hazard? Sex segregation in tourism employment", Tourism Management, 18(8), pp. 525-534. Elsevier Ltd. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(97)00074-5 10.1016/S0261-5177(97)00074-5]

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