Class segregation: Difference between revisions

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====== Date and country of first publication<ref>Date and country of first publication as informed by the Scopus database (December 2023).</ref>======
1974<br>
1974<br>
canada
canada
 
====== Definition ======
{NoteAI}
Class segregation refers to the separation of people into different social classes based on factors such as income, wealth, occupation, and education. It is a form of social stratification where individuals or groups are segregated or separated based on their social class.
Class segregation refers to the separation of people into different social classes based on factors such as income, wealth, occupation, and education. It is a form of social stratification where individuals or groups are segregated or separated based on their social class.


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==See also==  
==See also==  
==References==  
==References==  
==Notes==
<references />
==Further reading==  
==Further reading==  


Carlucci M.; Vinci S.; Ricciardo Lamonica G.; Salvati L. (2022) "Socio spatial Disparities and the Crisis: Swimming Pools as a Proxy of Class Segregation in Athens", Social Indicators Research, 161(2-3), pp. 937-961. Springer Science and Business Media B.V.. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85088554131&doi=10.1007%2fs11205-020-02448-y&partnerID=40&md5=6bf0b4b64c637f94cb7e6fa0ae651b79 10.1007/s11205-020-02448-y]
Schnore L.F. (1965) "Social class segregation among nonwhites in metropolitan centers", Demography, 2(1), pp. 126-133. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.2307/2060110 10.2307/2060110]


Anguelovski I.; Ranganathan M.; Hyra D. (2021) "THE RACIAL INEQUITIES OF GREEN GENTRIFICATION IN WASHINGTON, D.C.", The Green City and Social Injustice: 21 Tales from North America and Europe, 160-170. Taylor and Francis. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85136741210&doi=10.4324%2f9781003183273-15&partnerID=40&md5=aecc20f2b5826257a13fde920093b40d 10.4324/9781003183273-15]
Marston W.G. (1969) "Socioeconomic differentiation within negro areas of american cities", Social Forces, 48(2), pp. 65-76. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1093/sf/48.2.165 10.1093/sf/48.2.165]


Cole H.V.S.; Immergluck D. (2021) "RESHAPING LEGACIES OF GREEN AND TRANSIT JUSTICE THROUGH THE ATLANTA BELTLINE", The Green City and Social Injustice: 21 Tales from North America and Europe, 137-147. Taylor and Francis. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85120913345&doi=10.4324%2f9781003183273-13&partnerID=40&md5=645dec82b8cb3238650acc0144f56b65 10.4324/9781003183273-13]
Marston W.G. (1969) "Social Class Segregation within Ethnic Groups in Toronto", Canadian Review of Sociology/Revue canadienne de sociologie, 6(2), pp. 65-79. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-618X.1969.tb02296.x 10.1111/j.1755-618X.1969.tb02296.x]


Pansini R.; Campennì M.; Shi L. (2020) "Segregating socioeconomic classes leads to an unequal redistribution of wealth", Palgrave Communications, 6(1), pp. -. Palgrave Macmillan Ltd.. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85083256151&doi=10.1057%2fs41599-020-0419-2&partnerID=40&md5=2490962c4279404f76b430a6b18520de 10.1057/s41599-020-0419-2]
Porteous J.D. (1974) "Social class in atacama company towns", Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 64(3), pp. 409-417. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8306.1974.tb00989.x 10.1111/j.1467-8306.1974.tb00989.x]


Molinder J.; Söderhäll M. (2020) "Did industrialisation lead to segregation in cities of the nineteenth century? The case of Uppsala 1880 1900", Scandinavian Economic History Review, 68(1), pp. 23-44. Routledge. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85080835851&doi=10.1080%2f03585522.2019.1640787&partnerID=40&md5=73673bf8229e964c29338c0c047389ac 10.1080/03585522.2019.1640787]
Farley R. (1977) "Residential segregation in urbanized areas of the United States in 1970: An analysis of social class and racial differences", Demography, 14(4), pp. 497-518. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.2307/2060592 10.2307/2060592]


(2020) "“The charter of the new urbanism”", The City Reader, 413-416. Taylor and Francis. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85118072868&doi=10.4324%2f9780429261732-49&partnerID=40&md5=17c50a87a578c5237e7c56cb1536f4be 10.4324/9780429261732-49]
Villemez W.J. (1980) "Race, Class, and Neighborhood: Differences in the Residential Return on Individual Resources", Social Forces, 59(2), pp. 414-430. Oxford University Press. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1093/sf/59.2.414 10.1093/sf/59.2.414]


Bruegmann R. (2020) "“The causes of sprawl”: From sprawl: A compact history (2005)", The City Reader, 229-239. Taylor and Francis. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85118019586&doi=10.4324%2f9780429261732-29&partnerID=40&md5=6cdc46cc3e127e9c590d2794ff03f96c 10.4324/9780429261732-29]
Schneider M.; Logan J.R. (1981) "Fiscal Implications of Class Segregation: Inequalities in the Distribution of Public Goods and Services in Suburban Municipalities", Urban Affairs Review, 17(1), pp. 23-36. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1177/004208168101700102 10.1177/004208168101700102]


Engels F. (2020) "“The great towns”: From the condition of the working class in England in 1844 (1845)", The City Reader, 60-69. Taylor and Francis. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85118019416&doi=10.4324%2f9780429261732-8&partnerID=40&md5=a208eba2230a41bc64b4d344103594f0 10.4324/9780429261732-8]
Elgie R.A.; Clark A.R. (1981) "Social Class Segregation in Southern Metropolitan Areas", Urban Affairs Review, 16(3), pp. 299-316. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1177/107808748101600303 10.1177/107808748101600303]


Drake S. (2017) "Academic segregation and the institutional success frame: unequal schooling and racial disparity in an integrated, affluent community", Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 43(14), pp. 2423-2439. Routledge. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85022227447&doi=10.1080%2f1369183X.2017.1315868&partnerID=40&md5=8a9151d1ec95bc977baf3edeea308d80 10.1080/1369183X.2017.1315868]
O'Loughlin J. (1983) "Spatial inequalities in Western cities: A comparison of North American and German urban areas", Social Indicators Research, 13(2), pp. 185-212. Kluwer Academic Publishers. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1007/BF00344090 10.1007/BF00344090]


McCormack D. (2016) "Living with others inside the self: Decolonising transplantation, selfhood and the body politic in Nalo Hopkinson’s Brown Girl in the Ring", Medical Humanities, 42(4), pp. 252-258. BMJ Publishing Group. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84991712960&doi=10.1136%2fmedhum-2016-010917&partnerID=40&md5=dfaa4aa7daefa278c1347393e1690f01 10.1136/medhum-2016-010917]
Harris R. (1984) "A Political Chameleon: Class Segregation in Kingston, Ontario, 1961 1976", Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 74(3), pp. 454-476. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8306.1984.tb01467.x 10.1111/j.1467-8306.1984.tb01467.x]


Holfve-Sabel M.-A. (2015) "Students’ Individual Choices of Peers to Work with During Lessons May Counteract Segregation", Social Indicators Research, 122(2), pp. 577-594. Kluwer Academic Publishers. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84939876468&doi=10.1007%2fs11205-014-0693-8&partnerID=40&md5=02eedfc3f1b35b7dce1cc9c3761136c6 10.1007/s11205-014-0693-8]
Sillince J.A.A. (1985) "The Housing Market of the Budapest Urban Region 1949 1983", Urban Studies, 22(2), pp. 141-149. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1080/00420988520080221 10.1080/00420988520080221]


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Reade E. (1985) "Britain and Sweden: premature obsolescence of housing.", Scandinavian Housing & Planning Research, 2(1), pp. 27-43. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1080/02815738508730057 10.1080/02815738508730057]


Van Veuren M.J. (2014) "Jozi Rhythmanalogues: Measures of sense and nonsense in Johannesburg's automatic writing", Technoetic Arts, 12(2-3), pp. 309-327. Intellect Ltd.. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84923853340&doi=10.1386%2ftear.12.2-3.309_1&partnerID=40&md5=e16ecea81e8672148e6cf98aeb4c57d7 10.1386/tear.12.2-3.309_1]
Willms J.D. (1986) "Social class segregation and its relationship to pupils' examination results in Scotland.", American Sociological Review, 51(2), pp. 224-241. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.2307/2095518 10.2307/2095518]


Karlsson H. (2014) "Ruben östlund’s play (2011): Race and segregation in ‘good’ liberal sweden", Journal of Scandinavian Cinema, 4(1), pp. 43-60. Intellect Ltd.. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84928723189&doi=10.1386%2fjsca.4.1.43_1&partnerID=40&md5=9e8342a5eb709bf15570696a3ceab369 10.1386/jsca.4.1.43_1]
Chinn C. (1988) "Was separate schooling a means of class segregation in late Victorian and Edwardian birmingham?", Midland History, 13(1), pp. 95-112. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1179/mdh.1988.13.1.95 10.1179/mdh.1988.13.1.95]


George C. (2012) "Keeping it reals: Narratives of New Orleans jazz history as represented in HBO's treme", Television and New Media, 13(3), pp. 225-234. . DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84860014583&doi=10.1177%2f1527476411423674&partnerID=40&md5=bb05bc2d831fca0a5b397a8730327a07 10.1177/1527476411423674]
Nesslein T.S. (1988) "Urban decay and the premature obsolescence of housing: A cross country examination of the basic economic determinants", Scandinavian Housing and Planning Research, 5(4), pp. 209-223. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1080/02815738808730166 10.1080/02815738808730166]


Lassiter M.D.; Niedt C. (2013) "Suburban diversity in postwar America", Journal of Urban History, 39(1), pp. 3-14. . DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84870696515&doi=10.1177%2f0096144212463541&partnerID=40&md5=8adda449a908491f395aaa107ee8f22e 10.1177/0096144212463541]
Nesslein T.S. (1988) "Urban decay and the premature obsolescence of housing: A cross country examination of the basic economic determinants", Scandinavian Housing and Planning Research, 5(4), pp. 209-223. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1080/02815738808730166 10.1080/02815738808730166]


Low S.M. (2011) "Claiming space for an engaged anthropology: Spatial inequality and social exclusion", American Anthropologist, 113(3), pp. 389-407. . DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80051962550&doi=10.1111%2fj.1548-1433.2011.01349.x&partnerID=40&md5=5ce596db16cba14a8f9c80ee79e2ff6f 10.1111/j.1548-1433.2011.01349.x]
Massey D.S. (1990) "American apartheid: segregation and the making of the underclass", American Journal of Sociology, 96(2), pp. 329-357. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1086/229532 10.1086/229532]


Bigon L. (2012) "'Garden City' in the tropics? French Dakar in comparative perspective", Journal of Historical Geography, 38(1), pp. 35-44. . DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84855828190&doi=10.1016%2fj.jhg.2011.07.005&partnerID=40&md5=545caea6d7ee016d2771d28d26a6259e 10.1016/j.jhg.2011.07.005]
Fielding E.; Taeuber K. (1992) "Spatial isolation of a black underclass: An American case study", Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 19(1), pp. 113-127. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.1992.9976346 10.1080/1369183X.1992.9976346]


Hogen-Esch T. (2010) "Consolidation, Fragmentation, and New Fiscal Federalism", A Companion to Los Angeles, 233-249. Wiley-Blackwell. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84886002480&doi=10.1002%2f9781444390964.ch13&partnerID=40&md5=96fd1f9907ab015c8896a0bde0d9c56f 10.1002/9781444390964.ch13]
Lawrence H.W. (1993) "The Greening of the Squares of London: Transformation of Urban Landscapes and Ideals", Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 83(1), pp. 90-118. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8306.1993.tb01924.x 10.1111/j.1467-8306.1993.tb01924.x]


Sugrue T.J. (2010) "The origins of the urban crisis: Race and inequality in postwar Detroit", The Origins of the Urban Crisis: Race and Inequality in Postwar Detroit, -. Princeton University Press. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84884007315&partnerID=40&md5=ecc22dfae81b768df31f68369fdb2191 ]
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Nelson T.J. (2009) "At ease with our own kind: Worship practices and class segregation in American religion", International Studies in Religion and Society, 7(), pp. 45-68. Brill Academic Publishers. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84968615906&partnerID=40&md5=2c541bb9d18c5f0ab6ce1fbc87947bb1 ]
Hiebert D. (1995) "The social geography of Toronto in 1931: A study of residential differentiation and social structure", Journal of Historical Geography, 21(1), pp. 55-74. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1016/0305-7488(95)90007-1 10.1016/0305-7488(95)90007-1]


Fainstein N.; Nesbitt S. (1996) "Did the black ghetto have a golden age? Class structure and class segregation in New York City, 1949 1970, with initial evidence for 1990", Journal of Urban History, 23(1), pp. 3-28. SAGE Publications Inc.. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0345290603&doi=10.1177%2f009614429602300101&partnerID=40&md5=93867505bdbd4c0533d24536cbf6bac4 10.1177/009614429602300101]
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Fischler R. (1998) "Health, safety, and the general welfare: markets, politics, and social science in early land use regulation and community design", Journal of Urban History, 24(6), pp. 675-719. SAGE Publications Inc.. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0031795415&doi=10.1177%2f009614429802400601&partnerID=40&md5=e2a3856274477a2fcdebdd0b0be98b25 10.1177/009614429802400601]
Willms J.D.; Paterson L. (1995) "A multilevel model for community segregation", The Journal of Mathematical Sociology, 20(1), pp. 23-40. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1080/0022250X.1995.9990150 10.1080/0022250X.1995.9990150]


Swanstrom T. (1999) "The stubborn persistence of local land use powers: A comment on Morrill", Political Geography, 18(1), pp. 25-32. Elsevier BV. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0033021705&doi=10.1016%2fS0962-6298%2898%2900061-4&partnerID=40&md5=8129f2a94930ee1082c94af1d9404519 10.1016/S0962-6298(98)00061-4]
Fainstein N.; Nesbitt S. (1996) "Did the black ghetto have a golden age? Class structure and class segregation in New York City, 1949 1970, with initial evidence for 1990", Journal of Urban History, 23(1), pp. 3-28. SAGE Publications Inc.. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1177/009614429602300101 10.1177/009614429602300101]


Chinn C. (1988) "Was separate schooling a means of class segregation in late Victorian and Edwardian birmingham?", Midland History, 13(1), pp. 95-112. . DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84976732209&doi=10.1179%2fmdh.1988.13.1.95&partnerID=40&md5=2043991c9d9ac60c468c16ae813d44ac 10.1179/mdh.1988.13.1.95]
Dougherty K.J. (1996) "Opportunity to Learn Standards: A Sociological Critique", Sociology of Education, 40-65. American Sociological Association. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.2307/3108455 10.2307/3108455]


Hiebert D. (1995) "The social geography of Toronto in 1931: A study of residential differentiation and social structure", Journal of Historical Geography, 21(1), pp. 55-74. . DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0028880589&doi=10.1016%2f0305-7488%2895%2990007-1&partnerID=40&md5=037b7d3b8c3ac04c242e8ee357f64487 10.1016/0305-7488(95)90007-1]
Massey D.S. (1996) "The age of extremes: Concentrated affluence and poverty in the twenty first century", Demography, 33(4), pp. 395-412. Duke University Press. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.2307/2061773 10.2307/2061773]


Fielding E.; Taeuber K. (1992) "Spatial isolation of a black underclass: An American case study", Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 19(1), pp. 113-127. . DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84954627674&doi=10.1080%2f1369183X.1992.9976346&partnerID=40&md5=e6e9ed9b8691ecacb5466dfc292b91d5 10.1080/1369183X.1992.9976346]
Fischler R. (1998) "Health, safety, and the general welfare: markets, politics, and social science in early land use regulation and community design", Journal of Urban History, 24(6), pp. 675-719. SAGE Publications Inc.. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1177/009614429802400601 10.1177/009614429802400601]


Villemez W.J. (1980) "Race, Class, and Neighborhood: Differences in the Residential Return on Individual Resources", Social Forces, 59(2), pp. 414-430. Oxford University Press. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0019236122&doi=10.1093%2fsf%2f59.2.414&partnerID=40&md5=77620d9a9b2aec376d23f9971ec17d86 10.1093/sf/59.2.414]
Swanstrom T. (1999) "The stubborn persistence of local land use powers: A comment on Morrill", Political Geography, 18(1), pp. 25-32. Elsevier BV. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1016/S0962-6298(98)00061-4 10.1016/S0962-6298(98)00061-4]


O'Loughlin J. (1983) "Spatial inequalities in Western cities: A comparison of North American and German urban areas", Social Indicators Research, 13(2), pp. 185-212. Kluwer Academic Publishers. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34247936897&doi=10.1007%2fBF00344090&partnerID=40&md5=4699113c25397d2c15d3775ff9333030 10.1007/BF00344090]
Sims M. (1999) "High status residential segregation among racial and ethnic groups in five metro areas, 1980 1990", Social Science Quarterly, 80(3), pp. 556-573. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/ ]


Marston W.G. (1969) "Socioeconomic differentiation within negro areas of american cities", Social Forces, 48(2), pp. 65-76. . DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84963056850&doi=10.1093%2fsf%2f48.2.165&partnerID=40&md5=7af94bdf11b781ce17e87a4dfc027d23 10.1093/sf/48.2.165]
Sims M. (1999) "High status residential segregation among racial and ethnic groups in five metro areas, 1980 1990", Social Science Quarterly, 80(3), pp. 556-573. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/ ]


Marston W.G. (1969) "Social Class Segregation within Ethnic Groups in Toronto", Canadian Review of Sociology/Revue canadienne de sociologie, 6(2), pp. 65-79. . DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34247990320&doi=10.1111%2fj.1755-618X.1969.tb02296.x&partnerID=40&md5=7b0d19d0aa05512ce5b87385cb56f1a9 10.1111/j.1755-618X.1969.tb02296.x]
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Massey D.S.; Fischer M.J. (2000) "How segregation concentrates poverty", Ethnic and Racial Studies, 23(4), pp. 670-691. Routledge. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1080/01419870050033676 10.1080/01419870050033676]


Ward C. (2022) "Urban Restructuring in Atlanta: A Nexus of Race, Class, Power, and Growth", Review of Black Political Economy, -. SAGE Publications Inc.. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85139911328&doi=10.1177%2f00346446221132320&partnerID=40&md5=60ad24753abd00be875dbc4786d1cc27 10.1177/00346446221132320]
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Lee Y.; Shin D. (2016) "Measuring Social Tension from Income Class Segregation", Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, 34(3), pp. 457-471. American Statistical Association. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84978953958&doi=10.1080%2f07350015.2015.1051624&partnerID=40&md5=6be4f086a7c6593da5e52fac1a5c4cbc 10.1080/07350015.2015.1051624]
Hutchens R. (2004) "One measure of segregation", International Economic Review, 45(2), pp. 555-578. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2354.2004.00136.x 10.1111/j.1468-2354.2004.00136.x]


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Pérez Izaguirre E. (2015) "When the « Others » Come to School: A Marginalization Framework in Multicultural Education", Sociology Compass, 9(10), pp. 887-896. Wiley-Blackwell. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84943577461&doi=10.1111%2fsoc4.12302&partnerID=40&md5=1a112114e851d40c4d1f698158ad02a6 10.1111/soc4.12302]
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Ljunggren J.; Andersen P.L. (2015) "Vertical and Horizontal Segregation: Spatial Class Divisions in Oslo, 1970 2003", International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 39(2), pp. 305-322. . DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84931562911&doi=10.1111%2f1468-2427.12167&partnerID=40&md5=f23d6791f5ec110eb7145f6c359f48f6 10.1111/1468-2427.12167]
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Alkurdi N. (2015) "Gated Communities (GCs): A physical pattern of social segregation", Anthropologist, 19(1), pp. 229-237. Kamla-Raj Enterprises. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84923026610&doi=10.1080%2f09720073.2015.11891657&partnerID=40&md5=051d838636c7dab52272ffd37ed7078e 10.1080/09720073.2015.11891657]
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Cornwell B. (2015) "Social disadvantage and network turnover", Journals of Gerontology - Series B Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 70(1), pp. 132-142. Gerontological Society of America. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84922469130&doi=10.1093%2fgeronb%2fgbu078&partnerID=40&md5=f99116b83cc71d671de39de14494c8a2 10.1093/geronb/gbu078]
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Palmer C.T. (2014) "Tourism, changing architectural styles, and the production of place in Itacaré, Bahia, Brazil", Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change, 12(4), pp. 349-363. Routledge. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1080/14766825.2014.934378 10.1080/14766825.2014.934378]


Dorling D. (2014) "Class segregation", Social-Spatial Segregation: Concepts, Processes and Outcomes, 363-388. Policy Press. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84978452999&partnerID=40&md5=4f2cd9cbcdca30daa0a5c123669ecfff ]
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Wilson D. (2014) "City redevelopment, black exclusion, and America’s new fear governance", Race, Space, and Exclusion: Segregation and Beyond in Metropolitan America, 90-107. Taylor and Francis. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85107539738&doi=10.4324%2f9781315771380-8&partnerID=40&md5=5df026585f4431fa93a4d5231158be83 10.4324/9781315771380-8]
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Tedong P.A.; Grant J.L.; Abd Aziz W.N.A.W. (2014) "The social and spatial implications of community action to enclose space: Guarded neighbourhoods in Selangor, Malaysia", Cities, 41(PA), pp. 30-37. Elsevier Ltd. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84901983139&doi=10.1016%2fj.cities.2014.05.003&partnerID=40&md5=5e15e776bc96a21381c505b700270d1a 10.1016/j.cities.2014.05.003]
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Darden J. (2013) "Detroit: Race and uneven development", Detroit: Race and Uneven Development, 1-317. Michigan State University Press. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84902906663&partnerID=40&md5=ac28e7e1ef38cc83c4de7d0b4389169b ]
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Morton D. (2013) "From racial discrimination to class segregation in postcolonial urban Mozambique", Geographies of Privilege, 231-262. Taylor and Francis. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84906886486&doi=10.4324%2f9780203070833&partnerID=40&md5=15386f2863b0772d1e6ca7c41457c20e 10.4324/9780203070833]
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Cousin B.; Chauvin S. (2013) "Islanders, immigrants and millionaires: The dynamics of upperclass segregation in St barts, French West Indies", Geographies of the Super-Rich, 186-200. Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd.. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84881696571&doi=10.4337%2f9780857935694.00019&partnerID=40&md5=29533225d6e589f93ff970028e5467ab 10.4337/9780857935694.00019]
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McCarty D. (2008) "The impact of public housing policy on family social work theory and practice", Journal of Family Social Work, 11(1), pp. 74-88. . DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-65749233163&doi=10.1080%2f10522150802007329&partnerID=40&md5=063ecfb41b991f2745f06babba00ab97 10.1080/10522150802007329]
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Revision as of 17:03, 8 April 2024

Date and country of first publication[1]

1974
canada

Definition

{NoteAI} Class segregation refers to the separation of people into different social classes based on factors such as income, wealth, occupation, and education. It is a form of social stratification where individuals or groups are segregated or separated based on their social class.

Class segregation can manifest in various ways, including residential segregation, educational segregation, and occupational segregation. Residential segregation occurs when people of different social classes live in separate neighborhoods or areas, with higher-income individuals living in wealthier neighborhoods and lower-income individuals living in economically disadvantaged areas.

Educational segregation refers to the unequal distribution of educational resources and opportunities based on social class. This can result in disparities in the quality of education and opportunities available to different social classes.

Occupational segregation occurs when certain occupations or industries are dominated by individuals from specific social classes. This can result in limited mobility and opportunities for individuals from lower social classes to move up the social ladder.

Class segregation can perpetuate social inequalities and limit social mobility. It can contribute to the perpetuation of wealth and income disparities, as well as reinforce social hierarchies. It also affects individuals' access to resources, opportunities, and social networks, which can further impact their economic and social well-being.

Efforts to address class segregation include policies aimed at reducing income inequality, improving access to quality education for all, and promoting inclusive and diverse workplaces.

See also

References

Notes

  1. Date and country of first publication as informed by the Scopus database (December 2023).

Further reading

Schnore L.F. (1965) "Social class segregation among nonwhites in metropolitan centers", Demography, 2(1), pp. 126-133. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.2307/2060110 10.2307/2060110]

Marston W.G. (1969) "Socioeconomic differentiation within negro areas of american cities", Social Forces, 48(2), pp. 65-76. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1093/sf/48.2.165 10.1093/sf/48.2.165]

Marston W.G. (1969) "Social Class Segregation within Ethnic Groups in Toronto", Canadian Review of Sociology/Revue canadienne de sociologie, 6(2), pp. 65-79. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-618X.1969.tb02296.x 10.1111/j.1755-618X.1969.tb02296.x]

Porteous J.D. (1974) "Social class in atacama company towns", Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 64(3), pp. 409-417. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8306.1974.tb00989.x 10.1111/j.1467-8306.1974.tb00989.x]

Farley R. (1977) "Residential segregation in urbanized areas of the United States in 1970: An analysis of social class and racial differences", Demography, 14(4), pp. 497-518. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.2307/2060592 10.2307/2060592]

Villemez W.J. (1980) "Race, Class, and Neighborhood: Differences in the Residential Return on Individual Resources", Social Forces, 59(2), pp. 414-430. Oxford University Press. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1093/sf/59.2.414 10.1093/sf/59.2.414]

Schneider M.; Logan J.R. (1981) "Fiscal Implications of Class Segregation: Inequalities in the Distribution of Public Goods and Services in Suburban Municipalities", Urban Affairs Review, 17(1), pp. 23-36. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1177/004208168101700102 10.1177/004208168101700102]

Elgie R.A.; Clark A.R. (1981) "Social Class Segregation in Southern Metropolitan Areas", Urban Affairs Review, 16(3), pp. 299-316. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1177/107808748101600303 10.1177/107808748101600303]

O'Loughlin J. (1983) "Spatial inequalities in Western cities: A comparison of North American and German urban areas", Social Indicators Research, 13(2), pp. 185-212. Kluwer Academic Publishers. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1007/BF00344090 10.1007/BF00344090]

Harris R. (1984) "A Political Chameleon: Class Segregation in Kingston, Ontario, 1961 1976", Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 74(3), pp. 454-476. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8306.1984.tb01467.x 10.1111/j.1467-8306.1984.tb01467.x]

Sillince J.A.A. (1985) "The Housing Market of the Budapest Urban Region 1949 1983", Urban Studies, 22(2), pp. 141-149. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1080/00420988520080221 10.1080/00420988520080221]

Reade E. (1985) "Britain and Sweden: premature obsolescence of housing.", Scandinavian Housing & Planning Research, 2(1), pp. 27-43. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1080/02815738508730057 10.1080/02815738508730057]

Willms J.D. (1986) "Social class segregation and its relationship to pupils' examination results in Scotland.", American Sociological Review, 51(2), pp. 224-241. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.2307/2095518 10.2307/2095518]

Chinn C. (1988) "Was separate schooling a means of class segregation in late Victorian and Edwardian birmingham?", Midland History, 13(1), pp. 95-112. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1179/mdh.1988.13.1.95 10.1179/mdh.1988.13.1.95]

Nesslein T.S. (1988) "Urban decay and the premature obsolescence of housing: A cross country examination of the basic economic determinants", Scandinavian Housing and Planning Research, 5(4), pp. 209-223. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1080/02815738808730166 10.1080/02815738808730166]

Nesslein T.S. (1988) "Urban decay and the premature obsolescence of housing: A cross country examination of the basic economic determinants", Scandinavian Housing and Planning Research, 5(4), pp. 209-223. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1080/02815738808730166 10.1080/02815738808730166]

Massey D.S. (1990) "American apartheid: segregation and the making of the underclass", American Journal of Sociology, 96(2), pp. 329-357. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1086/229532 10.1086/229532]

Fielding E.; Taeuber K. (1992) "Spatial isolation of a black underclass: An American case study", Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 19(1), pp. 113-127. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.1992.9976346 10.1080/1369183X.1992.9976346]

Lawrence H.W. (1993) "The Greening of the Squares of London: Transformation of Urban Landscapes and Ideals", Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 83(1), pp. 90-118. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8306.1993.tb01924.x 10.1111/j.1467-8306.1993.tb01924.x]

Ambler J.S. (1994) "Who benefits from educational choice? some evidence from Europe", Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 13(3), pp. 454-476. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.2307/3325386 10.2307/3325386]

Hiebert D. (1995) "The social geography of Toronto in 1931: A study of residential differentiation and social structure", Journal of Historical Geography, 21(1), pp. 55-74. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1016/0305-7488(95)90007-1 10.1016/0305-7488(95)90007-1]

Morrill R. (1995) "Racial Segregation and Class in a Liberal Metropolis", Geographical Analysis, 27(1), pp. 22-41. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-4632.1995.tb00334.x 10.1111/j.1538-4632.1995.tb00334.x]

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