White segregation: Difference between revisions

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====== Date and country of first publication<ref>Date and country of first publication as informed by the Scopus database (December 2023).</ref>======
1990<br>
1990<br>
united kingdom
United Kingdom
====== Definition ======
{{NoteAI}}


White segregation refers to the separation or isolation of white individuals from individuals of other races or ethnicities. This can manifest in various ways, such as racially exclusive neighborhoods, schools, or social gatherings, where white individuals intentionally or unintentionally choose to isolate themselves from people of different races. White segregation can also occur in institutional settings, such as the workplace or government institutions, where individuals of different races may face barriers or exclusionary practices that limit their access or opportunities based on their race. It is important to note that white segregation has historically been perpetuated and enforced by systemic racism and discrimination, contributing to racial inequality and social division.
White segregation refers to the separation or isolation of white individuals from individuals of other races or ethnicities. This can manifest in various ways, such as racially exclusive neighborhoods, schools, or social gatherings, where white individuals intentionally or unintentionally choose to isolate themselves from people of different races. White segregation can also occur in institutional settings, such as the workplace or government institutions, where individuals of different races may face barriers or exclusionary practices that limit their access or opportunities based on their race. It is important to note that white segregation has historically been perpetuated and enforced by systemic racism and discrimination, contributing to racial inequality and social division.
==See also==  
==See also==  
==References==  
==References==  
==Notes==
<references />
==Further reading==  
==Further reading==  


Glayl M.G.; Binti Othman W.M. (2018) "Breaking the limitation of color: A postcolonial analysis of Richard Wright’s native son; [Rompiendo la limitación del color: Un análisis poscolonial del hijo nativo de Richard Wright]", Opcion, 34(85), pp. 2601-2616. Universidad del Zulia. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85062697245&partnerID=40&md5=db62000ca92b6d3408c50d81ac6e67fc ]
Massey D.S. (1979) "Residential segregation of Spanish Americans in united states Urbanized Areas", Demography, 16(4), pp. 553-563. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.2307/2060935 10.2307/2060935]


Do D.P.; Frank R.; Iceland J. (2017) "Black white metropolitan segregation and self rated health: Investigating the role of neighborhood poverty", Social Science and Medicine, 187(), pp. 85-92. Elsevier Ltd. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85021401805&doi=10.1016%2fj.socscimed.2017.06.010&partnerID=40&md5=99fc052ad21cc29d2e5f86865eb76102 10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.06.010]
Massey D.S. (1979) "Residential segregation of Spanish Americans in united states Urbanized Areas", Demography, 16(4), pp. 553-563. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.2307/2060935 10.2307/2060935]


Logan J.R.; Zhang W.; Oakley D. (2017) "Court orders, white flight, and school district segregation, 1970 2010", Social Forces, 95(3), pp. 1049-1075. Oxford University Press. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85014152361&doi=10.1093%2fsf%2fsow104&partnerID=40&md5=bb2512277418b4eb49c78e1dcd8c3d34 10.1093/sf/sow104]
Lieberson S.; Carter D.K. (1982) "A Model for Inferring the Voluntary and involuntary causes of residential segregation", Demography, 19(4), pp. 511-526. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.2307/2061016 10.2307/2061016]


Hwang J.; Hankinson M.; Kreg Brown S. (2015) "Racial and spatial targeting: Segregation and subprime lending within and across metropolitan areas", Social Forces, 93(3), pp. 1081-1108. Oxford University Press. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84924567949&doi=10.1093%2fsf%2fsou099&partnerID=40&md5=a60fb6dfd92c193a65fb2e5a132425e7 10.1093/sf/sou099]
Massey D.S. (1983) "A research note on residential succession: The hispanic case", Social Forces, 61(3), pp. 825-833. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1093/sf/61.3.825 10.1093/sf/61.3.825]


Logan J.R.; Bellman B. (2016) "Before The philadelphia negro: Residential segregation in a Nineteenth Century Northern City", Social Science History, 40(4), pp. 683-706. Cambridge University Press. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84994644486&doi=10.1017%2fssh.2016.27&partnerID=40&md5=51dcbae40235513b8b4e028787143753 10.1017/ssh.2016.27]
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DeFina R.; Hannon L. (2009) "Diversity, racial threat and metropolitan housing segregation", Social Forces, 88(1), pp. 373-394. . DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-73649149019&doi=10.1353%2fsof.0.0234&partnerID=40&md5=2c18d1edb202e17ba63ec11bacac79ba 10.1353/sof.0.0234]
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Krysan M.; Farley R. (2002) "The residential preferences of blacks: Do they explain persistent segregation?", Social Forces, 80(3), pp. 937-980. . DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036333315&doi=10.1353%2fsof.2002.0011&partnerID=40&md5=dae2e336040bcc0fcdda1bf305f7dffb 10.1353/sof.2002.0011]
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Peterson R.D.; Krivo L.J. (1993) "Racial segregation and black urban homicide", Social Forces, 71(4), pp. 1001-1026. . DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0027743090&doi=10.1093%2fsf%2f71.4.1001&partnerID=40&md5=9f0e2596e4398f78d1bdaf415596f567 10.1093/sf/71.4.1001]
Peterson R.D.; Krivo L.J. (1993) "Racial segregation and black urban homicide", Social Forces, 71(4), pp. 1001-1026. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1093/sf/71.4.1001 10.1093/sf/71.4.1001]


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Massey D.S. (1983) "A research note on residential succession: The hispanic case", Social Forces, 61(3), pp. 825-833. . DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0020666219&doi=10.1093%2fsf%2f61.3.825&partnerID=40&md5=3208d691d9144b69c5dee31d62aa0451 10.1093/sf/61.3.825]
St. John C.; Clymer R. (2000) "Racial residential segregation by level of socioeconomic status", Social Science Quarterly, 81(3), pp. 701-715. Blackwell Publishing Inc.. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/ ]


Roca J.D.L.; Ellen I.G.; Steil J. (2018) "Does segregation matter for Latinos?", Journal of Housing Economics, 40(), pp. 129-141. Academic Press Inc.. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85035098083&doi=10.1016%2fj.jhe.2017.10.003&partnerID=40&md5=b210687507c991a701dc271c5e614e13 10.1016/j.jhe.2017.10.003]
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Fairchild G.B. (2008) "Spatial assimilation and self employement: The case of black Americans", Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 13(3), pp. 269-291. . DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-54949083543&doi=10.1142%2fS1084946708000971&partnerID=40&md5=2524e28c37ceeb1f1ba841b9fc97ea0e 10.1142/S1084946708000971]
Krysan M.; Farley R. (2002) "The residential preferences of blacks: Do they explain persistent segregation?", Social Forces, 80(3), pp. 937-980. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1353/sof.2002.0011 10.1353/sof.2002.0011]


Hackworth J. (2023) "Anti Black residential preferences in Toronto", Journal of Urban Affairs, -. Taylor and Francis Ltd.. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85147176555&doi=10.1080%2f07352166.2022.2157731&partnerID=40&md5=6878baaca223851833539ab077029995 10.1080/07352166.2022.2157731]
Yarbrough R.A. (2003) "Latino/White and Latino/Black segregation in the southeastern United States: Findings from census 2000", Southeastern Geographer, 43(2), pp. 235-248. University of Georgia. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1353/sgo.2003.0011 10.1353/sgo.2003.0011]


Baker R.B.; Solanki S.M.; Kang C. (2023) "Horizontal and Vertical Racial Segregation in Higher Education: Examining Trends in California Public Colleges", Journal of Higher Education, 94(1), pp. 60-95. Routledge. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85142398513&doi=10.1080%2f00221546.2022.2131970&partnerID=40&md5=b5b8a393981b7c0f8112dcbc83d6f341 10.1080/00221546.2022.2131970]
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Richards M.P.; Stroub K.J. (2020) "Metropolitan public school district segregation by race and income, 2000 2011", Teachers College Record, 122(5), pp. 21-41. Teachers College, Columbia University. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85091824179&partnerID=40&md5=7911c49cce2696e7b7763e63cba4854d ]
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Mehra R.; Keene D.E.; Kershaw T.S.; Ickovics J.R.; Warren J.L. (2019) "Racial and ethnic disparities in adverse birth outcomes: Differences by racial residential segregation", SSM - Population Health, 8(), pp. -. Elsevier Ltd. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85066311216&doi=10.1016%2fj.ssmph.2019.100417&partnerID=40&md5=8d5bcdc5538abd4d2422392ae84ebe74 10.1016/j.ssmph.2019.100417]
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Hall M.; Iceland J.; Yi Y. (2019) "Racial Separation at Home and Work: Segregation in Residential and Workplace Settings", Population Research and Policy Review, 38(5), pp. 671-694. Springer Netherlands. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85060024166&doi=10.1007%2fs11113-019-09510-9&partnerID=40&md5=1fd5bd0fa64a4797b5c7c07a1608eba2 10.1007/s11113-019-09510-9]
Gorard S.; Cheng S.C. (2011) "Pupil clustering in english secondary schools: One pattern or several?", International Journal of Research and Method in Education, 34(3), pp. 327-339. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1080/1743727X.2011.609548 10.1080/1743727X.2011.609548]


Crowell A.R.; Fossett M. (2018) "White and Latino Locational Attainments: Assessing the Role of Race and Resources in U.S. Metropolitan Residential Segregation", Sociology of Race and Ethnicity, 4(4), pp. 491-507. SAGE Publications Inc.. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85134969137&doi=10.1177%2f2332649217748426&partnerID=40&md5=87922fe071e57052e662034aeb90ec93 10.1177/2332649217748426]
Lewis J.H.; Hamilton D.K. (2011) "Race and regionalism: The structure of local government and racial disparity", Urban Affairs Review, 47(3), pp. 349-384. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1177/1078087410391751 10.1177/1078087410391751]


Williams A.D.; Wallace M.; Nobles C.; Mendola P. (2018) "Racial residential segregation and racial disparities in stillbirth in the United States", Health and Place, 51(), pp. 208-216. Elsevier Ltd. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85046347967&doi=10.1016%2fj.healthplace.2018.04.005&partnerID=40&md5=9fbf1fb97e48cd67f94cf97874004459 10.1016/j.healthplace.2018.04.005]
Nuru-Jeter A.M.; LaVeist T.A. (2011) "Racial segregation, income inequality, and mortality in US metropolitan areas", Journal of Urban Health, 88(2), pp. 270-282. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1007/s11524-010-9524-7 10.1007/s11524-010-9524-7]


Massey D.S.; Tannen J. (2018) "Suburbanization and segregation in the United States: 1970 2010", Ethnic and Racial Studies, 41(9), pp. 1594-1611. Routledge. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85018174030&doi=10.1080%2f01419870.2017.1312010&partnerID=40&md5=b7927884bf3787198b18cdc60fb7a6a8 10.1080/01419870.2017.1312010]
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Fiel J.E.; Zhang Y. (2018) "Three Dimensions of Change in School Segregation: A Grade Period Cohort Analysis", Demography, 55(1), pp. 33-58. Springer Science and Business Media, LLC. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85034669107&doi=10.1007%2fs13524-017-0632-9&partnerID=40&md5=6390194c4527d4c5ad0789f55a4d0e1a 10.1007/s13524-017-0632-9]
Slater T.; Anderson N. (2012) "The reputational ghetto: Territorial stigmatisation in St Paul's, Bristol", Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 37(4), pp. 530-546. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-5661.2011.00490.x 10.1111/j.1475-5661.2011.00490.x]


Fiel J.E.; Zhang Y. (2018) "Three Dimensions of Change in School Segregation: A Grade Period Cohort Analysis", Demography, 55(1), pp. 33-58. Springer Science and Business Media, LLC. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85034669107&doi=10.1007%2fs13524-017-0632-9&partnerID=40&md5=6390194c4527d4c5ad0789f55a4d0e1a 10.1007/s13524-017-0632-9]
Anderson K.F.; Fullerton A.S. (2012) "Racial residential segregation and access to health care coverage: A multilevel analysis", Research in the Sociology of Health Care, 30(), pp. 133-158. Emerald Group Publishing Ltd.. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1108/S0275-4959(2012)0000030009 10.1108/S0275-4959(2012)0000030009]


Wagmiller R.L., Jr.; Gage-Bouchard E.; Karraker A. (2017) "Does Black Socioeconomic Mobility Explain Recent Progress Toward Black White Residential Integration?", Demography, 54(4), pp. 1251-1275. Springer Science and Business Media, LLC. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85022177975&doi=10.1007%2fs13524-017-0593-z&partnerID=40&md5=581de672a76ec709fca74687188e039e 10.1007/s13524-017-0593-z]
Iceland J.; Sharp G. (2013) "White Residential Segregation in U.S. Metropolitan Areas: Conceptual Issues, Patterns, and Trends from the U.S. Census, 1980 to 2010", Population Research and Policy Review, 32(5), pp. 663-686. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1007/s11113-013-9277-6 10.1007/s11113-013-9277-6]


Kent S.L.; Carmichael J.T. (2017) "Municipal Law Enforcement Policy on Illegal Immigration Stops: Do Social Factors Determine How Aggressively Local Police Respond to Unauthorized Immigrants?", Sociological Inquiry, 87(3), pp. 421-448. Blackwell Publishing Inc.. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85006853550&doi=10.1111%2fsoin.12155&partnerID=40&md5=e09379fc399da9b8fe931123f29e6fec 10.1111/soin.12155]
Sharp G.; Iceland J. (2013) "The residential segregation patterns of whites by socioeconomic status, 2000 2011", Social Science Research, 42(4), pp. 1046-1060. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2013.03.007 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2013.03.007]


Fossett M. (2017) "Further Comments on Differences Between Displacement and Separation", Springer Series on Demographic Methods and Population Analysis, 42(), pp. 117-138. Springer Science and Business Media B.V.. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85126569984&doi=10.1007%2f978-3-319-41304-4_8&partnerID=40&md5=70bd6cbeb5ad03f97e16a72d84c2b474 10.1007/978-3-319-41304-4_8]
Iceland J.; Sharp G.; Timberlake J.M. (2013) "Sun Belt Rising: Regional Population Change and the Decline in Black Residential Segregation, 1970 2009", Demography, 50(1), pp. 97-123. Duke University Press. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1007/s13524-012-0136-6 10.1007/s13524-012-0136-6]


Browning C.R.; Calder C.A.; Krivo L.J.; Smith A.L.; Boettner B. (2017) "Socioeconomic segregation of activity spaces in urban neighborhoods: Does shared residence mean shared routines?", RSF, 3(2), pp. 210-231. Russell Sage Foundation. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85056783557&doi=10.7758%2frsf.2017.3.2.09&partnerID=40&md5=8a6bf0af2acb355e303525cb4c766b13 10.7758/rsf.2017.3.2.09]
Hyra D.S.; Squires G.D.; Renner R.N.; Kirk D.S. (2013) "Metropolitan Segregation and the Subprime Lending Crisis", Housing Policy Debate, 23(1), pp. 177-198. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1080/10511482.2012.697912 10.1080/10511482.2012.697912]


Anacker K.; Niedt C.; Kwon C. (2017) "Analyzing segregation in mature and developing suburbs in the United States", Journal of Urban Affairs, 39(6), pp. 819-832. Taylor and Francis Ltd.. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85032376519&doi=10.1080%2f07352166.2017.1305730&partnerID=40&md5=bf4f252a6f885ba3b243fa7164eb61a6 10.1080/07352166.2017.1305730]
Hyra D.S.; Squires G.D.; Renner R.N.; Kirk D.S. (2013) "Metropolitan Segregation and the Subprime Lending Crisis", Housing Policy Debate, 23(1), pp. 177-198. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1080/10511482.2012.697912 10.1080/10511482.2012.697912]


Anacker K.; Niedt C.; Kwon C. (2017) "Analyzing segregation in mature and developing suburbs in the United States", Journal of Urban Affairs, 39(6), pp. 819-832. Taylor and Francis Ltd.. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85032376519&doi=10.1080%2f07352166.2017.1305730&partnerID=40&md5=bf4f252a6f885ba3b243fa7164eb61a6 10.1080/07352166.2017.1305730]
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Zhang W.; Logan J.R. (2016) "Global Neighborhoods: Beyond the Multiethnic Metropolis", Demography, 53(6), pp. 1933-1953. Springer Science and Business Media, LLC. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84992183850&doi=10.1007%2fs13524-016-0516-4&partnerID=40&md5=abfd5e8876decd7f01aa98b45e61d121 10.1007/s13524-016-0516-4]
Quillian L. (2014) "Does segregation create winners and losers? Residential segregation and inequality in educational attainment", Social Problems, 61(3), pp. 402-426. University of California Press. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1525/sp.2014.12193 10.1525/sp.2014.12193]


Lichter D.T.; Parisi D.; Taquino M.C. (2016) "Emerging Patterns of Hispanic Residential Segregation: Lessons from Rural and Small Town America", Rural Sociology, 81(4), pp. 483-518. Rural Sociological Society. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84971009515&doi=10.1111%2fruso.12108&partnerID=40&md5=25b7b779a00e7617eaa367154a6a6e85 10.1111/ruso.12108]
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Malega R.; Stallings R.Y. (2016) "Regional Differences in Affluent Black and Affluent White Residential Outcomes", Geographical Review, 106(1), pp. 72-91. Wiley-Blackwell. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84955393033&doi=10.1111%2fj.1931-0846.2015.12134.x&partnerID=40&md5=f53c79c1f3cc0ca7bac54ce097aeb09d 10.1111/j.1931-0846.2015.12134.x]
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Lichter D.T.; Parisi D.; Taquino M.C. (2015) "Spatial Assimilation in U.S. Cities and Communities? Emerging Patterns of Hispanic Segregation from Blacks and Whites", Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 660(1), pp. 36-56. SAGE Publications Inc.. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84930977900&doi=10.1177%2f0002716215572995&partnerID=40&md5=c9e5daea20057da8b6ecd9a426b48c5a 10.1177/0002716215572995]
Boyd R.L. (2015) "The “Dream of Black Metropolis” in the Early Twentieth Century United States: Racial Segregation, Regional Location, and Black Population Size", Sociological Spectrum, 35(3), pp. 271-285. Bellwether Publishing, Ltd.. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1080/02732173.2015.1021063 10.1080/02732173.2015.1021063]


Boyd R.L. (2015) "The “Dream of Black Metropolis” in the Early Twentieth Century United States: Racial Segregation, Regional Location, and Black Population Size", Sociological Spectrum, 35(3), pp. 271-285. Bellwether Publishing, Ltd.. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84929235143&doi=10.1080%2f02732173.2015.1021063&partnerID=40&md5=334bcf377ce4f340637ec2f19c3b71fc 10.1080/02732173.2015.1021063]
Davis T.; Bhatt R.; Schwarz K. (2015) "School segregation in the era of accountability", Social Currents, 2(3), pp. 239-259. SAGE Publications Inc.. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1177/2329496515589852 10.1177/2329496515589852]


Davis T.; Bhatt R.; Schwarz K. (2015) "School segregation in the era of accountability", Social Currents, 2(3), pp. 239-259. SAGE Publications Inc.. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85028046347&doi=10.1177%2f2329496515589852&partnerID=40&md5=bb8547d8e41410d1a617f845115bd94c 10.1177/2329496515589852]
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Parisi D.; Lichter D.T.; Taquino M.C. (2015) "The buffering hypothesis: Growing diversity and declining black white segregation in America's cities, suburbs, and small towns?", Sociological Science, 2(), pp. 125-157. Society for Sociological Science. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84930982544&doi=10.15195%2fv2.a8&partnerID=40&md5=07adbbf55cf4ce89ad2149e706b3756f 10.15195/v2.a8]
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Quillian L. (2014) "Does segregation create winners and losers? Residential segregation and inequality in educational attainment", Social Problems, 61(3), pp. 402-426. University of California Press. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84904887973&doi=10.1525%2fsp.2014.12193&partnerID=40&md5=5909444c2e4707757b0425987b13cdc9 10.1525/sp.2014.12193]
Zhang W.; Logan J.R. (2016) "Global Neighborhoods: Beyond the Multiethnic Metropolis", Demography, 53(6), pp. 1933-1953. Springer Science and Business Media, LLC. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1007/s13524-016-0516-4 10.1007/s13524-016-0516-4]


Iceland J.; Sharp G. (2013) "White Residential Segregation in U.S. Metropolitan Areas: Conceptual Issues, Patterns, and Trends from the U.S. Census, 1980 to 2010", Population Research and Policy Review, 32(5), pp. 663-686. . DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84884814242&doi=10.1007%2fs11113-013-9277-6&partnerID=40&md5=f3a99f6d5df387425a0838ca446fe4c8 10.1007/s11113-013-9277-6]
Lichter D.T.; Parisi D.; Taquino M.C. (2016) "Emerging Patterns of Hispanic Residential Segregation: Lessons from Rural and Small Town America", Rural Sociology, 81(4), pp. 483-518. Rural Sociological Society. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1111/ruso.12108 10.1111/ruso.12108]


Sharp G.; Iceland J. (2013) "The residential segregation patterns of whites by socioeconomic status, 2000 2011", Social Science Research, 42(4), pp. 1046-1060. . DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84878359585&doi=10.1016%2fj.ssresearch.2013.03.007&partnerID=40&md5=8a4c15e4a931477434278edecb4e542b 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2013.03.007]
Malega R.; Stallings R.Y. (2016) "Regional Differences in Affluent Black and Affluent White Residential Outcomes", Geographical Review, 106(1), pp. 72-91. Wiley-Blackwell. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1111/j.1931-0846.2015.12134.x 10.1111/j.1931-0846.2015.12134.x]


Iceland J.; Sharp G.; Timberlake J.M. (2013) "Sun Belt Rising: Regional Population Change and the Decline in Black Residential Segregation, 1970 2009", Demography, 50(1), pp. 97-123. Duke University Press. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84872974110&doi=10.1007%2fs13524-012-0136-6&partnerID=40&md5=af3f81c6385437ad4baee80ea2e3d26d 10.1007/s13524-012-0136-6]
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Hyra D.S.; Squires G.D.; Renner R.N.; Kirk D.S. (2013) "Metropolitan Segregation and the Subprime Lending Crisis", Housing Policy Debate, 23(1), pp. 177-198. . DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84873987964&doi=10.1080%2f10511482.2012.697912&partnerID=40&md5=a36dfb526c0ef11026d377263e87f42d 10.1080/10511482.2012.697912]
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Hyra D.S.; Squires G.D.; Renner R.N.; Kirk D.S. (2013) "Metropolitan Segregation and the Subprime Lending Crisis", Housing Policy Debate, 23(1), pp. 177-198. . DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84873987964&doi=10.1080%2f10511482.2012.697912&partnerID=40&md5=a36dfb526c0ef11026d377263e87f42d 10.1080/10511482.2012.697912]
Wagmiller R.L., Jr.; Gage-Bouchard E.; Karraker A. (2017) "Does Black Socioeconomic Mobility Explain Recent Progress Toward Black White Residential Integration?", Demography, 54(4), pp. 1251-1275. Springer Science and Business Media, LLC. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1007/s13524-017-0593-z 10.1007/s13524-017-0593-z]


Allen J.P.; Turner E. (2012) "Black White and Hispanic White Segregation in U.S. Counties", Professional Geographer, 64(4), pp. 503-520. . DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84867202120&doi=10.1080%2f00330124.2011.611426&partnerID=40&md5=93f8f94a63bb44cbf559e9a7f5b9afc4 10.1080/00330124.2011.611426]
Kent S.L.; Carmichael J.T. (2017) "Municipal Law Enforcement Policy on Illegal Immigration Stops: Do Social Factors Determine How Aggressively Local Police Respond to Unauthorized Immigrants?", Sociological Inquiry, 87(3), pp. 421-448. Blackwell Publishing Inc.. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1111/soin.12155 10.1111/soin.12155]


Slater T.; Anderson N. (2012) "The reputational ghetto: Territorial stigmatisation in St Paul's, Bristol", Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 37(4), pp. 530-546. . DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84865968771&doi=10.1111%2fj.1475-5661.2011.00490.x&partnerID=40&md5=68a2618818d54bb1bb9394376e7cec42 10.1111/j.1475-5661.2011.00490.x]
Fossett M. (2017) "Further Comments on Differences Between Displacement and Separation", Springer Series on Demographic Methods and Population Analysis, 42(), pp. 117-138. Springer Science and Business Media B.V.. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41304-4_8 10.1007/978-3-319-41304-4_8]


White M.J.; Glick J.E. (2011) "Achieving anew: How new immigrants do in American schools, jobs, and neighborhoods", Achieving Anew: How New Immigrants do in American Schools, Jobs, and Neighborhoods, 1-226. Russell Sage Foundation. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84904455946&partnerID=40&md5=f6e251693f09c7cf1843d1d15665024c ]
Browning C.R.; Calder C.A.; Krivo L.J.; Smith A.L.; Boettner B. (2017) "Socioeconomic segregation of activity spaces in urban neighborhoods: Does shared residence mean shared routines?", RSF, 3(2), pp. 210-231. Russell Sage Foundation. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.7758/rsf.2017.3.2.09 10.7758/rsf.2017.3.2.09]


Anderson K.F.; Fullerton A.S. (2012) "Racial residential segregation and access to health care coverage: A multilevel analysis", Research in the Sociology of Health Care, 30(), pp. 133-158. Emerald Group Publishing Ltd.. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84906317655&doi=10.1108%2fS0275-4959%282012%290000030009&partnerID=40&md5=9a95fa0ba3477ae028208a448c94a3c0 10.1108/S0275-4959(2012)0000030009]
Anacker K.; Niedt C.; Kwon C. (2017) "Analyzing segregation in mature and developing suburbs in the United States", Journal of Urban Affairs, 39(6), pp. 819-832. Taylor and Francis Ltd.. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1080/07352166.2017.1305730 10.1080/07352166.2017.1305730]


Gorard S.; Cheng S.C. (2011) "Pupil clustering in english secondary schools: One pattern or several?", International Journal of Research and Method in Education, 34(3), pp. 327-339. . DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-82055180629&doi=10.1080%2f1743727X.2011.609548&partnerID=40&md5=70ce7af2201416feb5d21659426a6b03 10.1080/1743727X.2011.609548]
Anacker K.; Niedt C.; Kwon C. (2017) "Analyzing segregation in mature and developing suburbs in the United States", Journal of Urban Affairs, 39(6), pp. 819-832. Taylor and Francis Ltd.. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1080/07352166.2017.1305730 10.1080/07352166.2017.1305730]


Lewis J.H.; Hamilton D.K. (2011) "Race and regionalism: The structure of local government and racial disparity", Urban Affairs Review, 47(3), pp. 349-384. . DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79953727890&doi=10.1177%2f1078087410391751&partnerID=40&md5=54934a30caafef710dbb09168bcf9c48 10.1177/1078087410391751]
Glayl M.G.; Binti Othman W.M. (2018) "Breaking the limitation of color: A postcolonial analysis of Richard Wright’s native son; [Rompiendo la limitación del color: Un análisis poscolonial del hijo nativo de Richard Wright]", Opcion, 34(85), pp. 2601-2616. Universidad del Zulia. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/ ]


Nuru-Jeter A.M.; LaVeist T.A. (2011) "Racial segregation, income inequality, and mortality in US metropolitan areas", Journal of Urban Health, 88(2), pp. 270-282. . DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79960020248&doi=10.1007%2fs11524-010-9524-7&partnerID=40&md5=affb1418660419cf56fb466f6f4dcbd3 10.1007/s11524-010-9524-7]
Roca J.D.L.; Ellen I.G.; Steil J. (2018) "Does segregation matter for Latinos?", Journal of Housing Economics, 40(), pp. 129-141. Academic Press Inc.. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhe.2017.10.003 10.1016/j.jhe.2017.10.003]


Reisinger M.E.; Frazier J.W.; Tettey-Fio E.L. (2010) "Patterns and issues in the Latinization of Allentown, Pennsylvania", Race, Ethnicity, and Place in a Changing America, 233-250. State University of New York Press. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84895038140&partnerID=40&md5=60d157a7c5a1fca2dc6eebebb4d475ea ]
Crowell A.R.; Fossett M. (2018) "White and Latino Locational Attainments: Assessing the Role of Race and Resources in U.S. Metropolitan Residential Segregation", Sociology of Race and Ethnicity, 4(4), pp. 491-507. SAGE Publications Inc.. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1177/2332649217748426 10.1177/2332649217748426]


Lichter D.T.; Parisi D.; Taquino M.C.; Grice S.M. (2010) "Residential segregation in new Hispanic destinations: Cities, suburbs, and rural communities compared", Social Science Research, 39(2), pp. 215-230. . DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-75149169201&doi=10.1016%2fj.ssresearch.2009.08.006&partnerID=40&md5=46bd83c806e60b1941af354b2b857009 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2009.08.006]
Williams A.D.; Wallace M.; Nobles C.; Mendola P. (2018) "Racial residential segregation and racial disparities in stillbirth in the United States", Health and Place, 51(), pp. 208-216. Elsevier Ltd. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2018.04.005 10.1016/j.healthplace.2018.04.005]


Reardon S.F.; Farrell C.R.; Matthews S.A.; O'Sullivan D.; Bischoff K.; Firebaugh G. (2009) "Race and space in the 1990s: Changes in the geographic scale of racial residential segregation, 1990 2000", Social Science Research, 38(1), pp. 55-70. . DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-58149466399&doi=10.1016%2fj.ssresearch.2008.10.002&partnerID=40&md5=017268b048f2c2fc2fab8a18157217fd 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2008.10.002]
Massey D.S.; Tannen J. (2018) "Suburbanization and segregation in the United States: 1970 2010", Ethnic and Racial Studies, 41(9), pp. 1594-1611. Routledge. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2017.1312010 10.1080/01419870.2017.1312010]


Reardon S.F.; Farrell C.R.; Matthews S.A.; O'Sullivan D.; Bischoff K.; Firebaugh G. (2009) "Race and space in the 1990s: Changes in the geographic scale of racial residential segregation, 1990 2000", Social Science Research, 38(1), pp. 55-70. . DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-58149466399&doi=10.1016%2fj.ssresearch.2008.10.002&partnerID=40&md5=017268b048f2c2fc2fab8a18157217fd 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2008.10.002]
Fiel J.E.; Zhang Y. (2018) "Three Dimensions of Change in School Segregation: A Grade Period Cohort Analysis", Demography, 55(1), pp. 33-58. Springer Science and Business Media, LLC. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1007/s13524-017-0632-9 10.1007/s13524-017-0632-9]


Scopilliti M.; Iceland J. (2008) "Residential patterns of black immigrants and native born blacks in the United States", Social Science Quarterly, 89(3), pp. 551-572. . DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-47749105640&doi=10.1111%2fj.1540-6237.2008.00547.x&partnerID=40&md5=c031ef92a55813fcc9638ce8e3cccad6 10.1111/j.1540-6237.2008.00547.x]
Fiel J.E.; Zhang Y. (2018) "Three Dimensions of Change in School Segregation: A Grade Period Cohort Analysis", Demography, 55(1), pp. 33-58. Springer Science and Business Media, LLC. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1007/s13524-017-0632-9 10.1007/s13524-017-0632-9]


Friedman S. (2008) "Do declines in residential segregation mean stable neighborhood racial integration in metropolitan America? A research note", Social Science Research, 37(3), pp. 920-933. . DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-43849104292&doi=10.1016%2fj.ssresearch.2007.06.010&partnerID=40&md5=b39d0264fc4b608406bee1f9cd66d51f 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2007.06.010]
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Galster G.; Cutsinger J. (2007) "Racial settlement and metropolitan land use patterns: Does sprawl abet black white segregation?", Urban Geography, 28(6), pp. 516-553. . DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-38549087453&doi=10.2747%2f0272-3638.28.6.516&partnerID=40&md5=f0f60590029c0747f6445c0e114c6e8d 10.2747/0272-3638.28.6.516]
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Wahl A.-M.G.; Gunkel S.E. (2007) "From old south to new south? Black white residential segregation in micropolitan areas", Sociological Spectrum, 27(5), pp. 507-535. . DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34547532255&doi=10.1080%2f02732170701434674&partnerID=40&md5=55bed9afce280034fc27446a8db0bca2 10.1080/02732170701434674]
Mehra R.; Keene D.E.; Kershaw T.S.; Ickovics J.R.; Warren J.L. (2019) "Racial and ethnic disparities in adverse birth outcomes: Differences by racial residential segregation", SSM - Population Health, 8(), pp. -. Elsevier Ltd. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2019.100417 10.1016/j.ssmph.2019.100417]


Wahl A.-M.G.; Breckenridge R.S.; Gunkel S.E. (2007) "Latinos, residential segregation and spatial assimilation in micropolitan areas: Exploring the American dilemma on a new frontier", Social Science Research, 36(3), pp. 995-1020. . DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34447503345&doi=10.1016%2fj.ssresearch.2006.07.004&partnerID=40&md5=7296958b55ae7e341b7b247504f9eae2 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2006.07.004]
Hall M.; Iceland J.; Yi Y. (2019) "Racial Separation at Home and Work: Segregation in Residential and Workplace Settings", Population Research and Policy Review, 38(5), pp. 671-694. Springer Netherlands. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1007/s11113-019-09510-9 10.1007/s11113-019-09510-9]


Dawkins C. (2006) "The spatial pattern of black white segregation in US metropolitan areas: An exploratory analysis", Urban Studies, 43(11), pp. 1943-1969. . DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33750011478&doi=10.1080%2f00420980600897792&partnerID=40&md5=38c260aeede8c836850b8c173d624544 10.1080/00420980600897792]
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Tomaskovic-Devey D.; Zimmer C.; Stainback K.; Robinson C.; Taylor T.; McTague T. (2006) "Documenting desegregation: Segregation in American workplaces by race, ethnicity, and sex, 1966 2003", American Sociological Review, 71(4), pp. 565-588. American Sociological Association. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33749181099&doi=10.1177%2f000312240607100403&partnerID=40&md5=aa4c42fa4379911d05ce0dfaa816df53 10.1177/000312240607100403]
Richards M.P. (2020) "The racial/ethnic and socioeconomic dynamics of public school district secession, 1995 2015", Teachers College Record, 122(5), pp. 1-20. Teachers College, Columbia University. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/ ]


Christopher A.J. (2005) "The slow pace of desegregation in South African cities, 1996 2001", Urban Studies, 42(12), pp. 2305-2320. . DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-27844597169&doi=10.1080%2f00420980500332122&partnerID=40&md5=e2c147371f9b75de3a41252a19ac2635 10.1080/00420980500332122]
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Rosenbaum E.; Argeros G. (2005) "Holding the line: Housing turnover and the persistence of racial/ethnic segregation in New York City", Journal of Urban Affairs, 27(3), pp. 261-281. . DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-23144436623&doi=10.1111%2fj.0735-2166.2005.00236.x&partnerID=40&md5=afb51cd333e53a565d1cc4da98fdc1e6 10.1111/j.0735-2166.2005.00236.x]
Richards M.P.; Stroub K.J. (2020) "Metropolitan public school district segregation by race and income, 2000 2011", Teachers College Record, 122(5), pp. 21-41. Teachers College, Columbia University. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/ ]


Dawkins C.J. (2004) "Recent evidence on the continuing causes of black white residential segregation", Journal of Urban Affairs, 26(3), pp. 379-400. . DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-4444287926&doi=10.1111%2fj.0735-2166.2004.00205.x&partnerID=40&md5=0627b62403554832073fa4f33a303c1d 10.1111/j.0735-2166.2004.00205.x]
Blatt L.; Votruba-Drzal E. (2021) "District Level School Choice and Racial/Ethnic Test Score Gaps", American Educational Research Journal, 58(6), pp. 1178-1224. SAGE Publications Inc.. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.3102/0002831221999405 10.3102/0002831221999405]


Iceland J. (2004) "Beyond Black and White Metropolitan residential segregation in multi ethnic America", Social Science Research, 33(2), pp. 248-271. Academic Press Inc.. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-2442661846&doi=10.1016%2fS0049-089X%2803%2900056-5&partnerID=40&md5=3b50679fd1ad819e4b5387d5dfd5d99c 10.1016/S0049-089X(03)00056-5]
Blatt L.; Votruba-Drzal E. (2021) "District Level School Choice and Racial/Ethnic Test Score Gaps", American Educational Research Journal, 58(6), pp. 1178-1224. SAGE Publications Inc.. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.3102/0002831221999405 10.3102/0002831221999405]


Dawkins C.J. (2004) "Measuring the spatial pattern of residential segregation", Urban Studies, 41(4), pp. 833-851. . DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-2042459997&doi=10.1080%2f0042098042000194133&partnerID=40&md5=8632d49cacdc70f3387b5bb45efaef09 10.1080/0042098042000194133]
Clotfelter C.T.; Ladd H.F.; Clifton C.R.; Turaeva M.R. (2021) "School Segregation at the Classroom Level in a Southern ‘New Destination’ State", Race and Social Problems, 13(2), pp. 131-160. Springer. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1007/s12552-020-09309-w 10.1007/s12552-020-09309-w]


Logan J.R.; Stults B.J.; Farley R. (2004) "Segration of minorities in the metropolis: Two decades of change", Demography, 41(1), pp. 1-22. Duke University Press. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-2942528730&partnerID=40&md5=1928619d1925d85e1a6fe16f02ed6f09 ]
Clotfelter C.T.; Ladd H.F.; Clifton C.R.; Turaeva M.R. (2021) "School Segregation at the Classroom Level in a Southern ‘New Destination’ State", Race and Social Problems, 13(2), pp. 131-160. Springer. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1007/s12552-020-09309-w 10.1007/s12552-020-09309-w]


Yarbrough R.A. (2003) "Latino/White and Latino/Black segregation in the southeastern United States: Findings from census 2000", Southeastern Geographer, 43(2), pp. 235-248. University of Georgia. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0346972998&doi=10.1353%2fsgo.2003.0011&partnerID=40&md5=0a54d5b182b6d1e0b145043c90312310 10.1353/sgo.2003.0011]
Elbers B. (2021) "Trends in U.S. Residential Racial Segregation, 1990 to 2020", Socius, 7(), pp. -. SAGE Publications Inc.. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1177/23780231211053982 10.1177/23780231211053982]


Wilkes R. (2003) "The residential segregation of native americans in U.S. Metropolitan areas", Sociological Focus, 36(2), pp. 127-142. . DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-2942603797&doi=10.1080%2f00380237.2003.10570720&partnerID=40&md5=46e02550c9945812245e2f736c215b1c 10.1080/00380237.2003.10570720]
Galaskiewicz J.; Anderson K.F.; Thompson-Dyck K. (2021) "Minority White income inequality across metropolitan areas: The role of racial/ethnic residential segregation and transportation networks", Journal of Urban Affairs, 43(1), pp. 16-39. Taylor and Francis Ltd.. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1080/07352166.2019.1660581 10.1080/07352166.2019.1660581]


Krivo L.J.; Kaufman R.L. (1999) "How low can it go? Declining black white segregation in a multiethnic context", Demography, 36(1), pp. 93-109. Duke University Press. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0033070221&doi=10.2307%2f2648136&partnerID=40&md5=cf29cd0d65e187ff9b0c728217fc5291 10.2307/2648136]
Kitchens K. (2021) "Dividing Lines: The Role School District Boundaries Play in Spending Inequality for Public Education", Social Science Quarterly, 102(1), pp. 468-491. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1111/ssqu.12886 10.1111/ssqu.12886]


St. John C.; Clymer R. (2000) "Racial residential segregation by level of socioeconomic status", Social Science Quarterly, 81(3), pp. 701-715. Blackwell Publishing Inc.. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0034258474&partnerID=40&md5=a39800d2f79641f5381cc8e2e6335702 ]
Kitchens K.E. (2021) "Exit or invest: Segregation increases investment in public schools", Journal of Politics, 83(1), pp. 71-86. University of Chicago Press. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1086/708916 10.1086/708916]


St. John C.; Clymer R. (2000) "Racial residential segregation by level of socioeconomic status", Social Science Quarterly, 81(3), pp. 701-715. Blackwell Publishing Inc.. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0034258474&partnerID=40&md5=a39800d2f79641f5381cc8e2e6335702 ]
Kitchens K.E. (2021) "Exit or invest: Segregation increases investment in public schools", Journal of Politics, 83(1), pp. 71-86. University of Chicago Press. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1086/708916 10.1086/708916]


Davies J.C. (1990) "General assistance among u.s. cities: A test of alternative hypotheses", Sociological Spectrum, 10(2), pp. 283-299. . DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84953112660&doi=10.1080%2f02732173.1990.9981926&partnerID=40&md5=ec37070171be7a8a317868b7b38c4eac 10.1080/02732173.1990.9981926]
Haupert T. (2022) "New Technology, Old Patterns: Fintech Lending, Metropolitan Segregation, and Subprime Credit", Race and Social Problems, 14(4), pp. 293-307. Springer. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1007/s12552-021-09353-0 10.1007/s12552-021-09353-0]


Lieberson S.; Carter D.K. (1982) "A Model for Inferring the Voluntary and involuntary causes of residential segregation", Demography, 19(4), pp. 511-526. . DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0020215594&doi=10.2307%2f2061016&partnerID=40&md5=7be340eb90dab583087ce7654620ce4e 10.2307/2061016]
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Darden J.T. (1984) "THE RESIDENTIAL SEGREGATION OF AMERICAN INDIANS IN METROPOLITAN AREAS OF MICHIGAN", Journal of Urban Affairs, 6(1), pp. 29-52. . DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84986802466&doi=10.1111%2fj.1467-9906.1984.tb00437.x&partnerID=40&md5=a7c7f183cba19c061454b9f0dc5b2176 10.1111/j.1467-9906.1984.tb00437.x]
Smith R.M.; Blizard Z.D. (2022) "Does Municipal Incorporation Influence Levels of Black White Segregation? Evidence from Counties in the Southern United States, 1990 2010", Southeastern Geographer, 62(3), pp. 253-270. University of North Carolina Press. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1353/sgo.2022.0028 10.1353/sgo.2022.0028]


Farley J.E. (1986) "Segregated city, segregated suburbs: To what extent are they products of black white socioeconomic differentials?", Urban Geography, 7(2), pp. 164-171. . DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84902389178&doi=10.2747%2f0272-3638.7.2.164&partnerID=40&md5=deca62f053464651a6439f8b324231d4 10.2747/0272-3638.7.2.164]
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Massey D.S. (1979) "Residential segregation of Spanish Americans in united states Urbanized Areas", Demography, 16(4), pp. 553-563. . DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0018540482&doi=10.2307%2f2060935&partnerID=40&md5=1c9b9a270ed193e6948db6ed131cca42 10.2307/2060935]
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Massey D.S. (1979) "Residential segregation of Spanish Americans in united states Urbanized Areas", Demography, 16(4), pp. 553-563. . DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0018540482&doi=10.2307%2f2060935&partnerID=40&md5=1c9b9a270ed193e6948db6ed131cca42 10.2307/2060935]
Baker R.B.; Solanki S.M.; Kang C. (2023) "Horizontal and Vertical Racial Segregation in Higher Education: Examining Trends in California Public Colleges", Journal of Higher Education, 94(1), pp. 60-95. Routledge. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1080/00221546.2022.2131970 10.1080/00221546.2022.2131970]

Revision as of 17:56, 8 April 2024

Date and country of first publication[1]

1990
United Kingdom

Definition
At its current state, this definition has been generated by a Large Language Model (LLM) so far without review by an independent researcher or a member of the curating team of segregation experts that keep the Segregation Wiki online. While we strive for accuracy, we cannot guarantee its reliability, completeness and timeliness. Please use this content with caution and verify information as needed. Also, feel free to improve on the definition as you see fit, including the use of references and other informational resources. We value your input in enhancing the quality and accuracy of the definitions of segregation forms collectively offered in the Segregation Wiki ©.

White segregation refers to the separation or isolation of white individuals from individuals of other races or ethnicities. This can manifest in various ways, such as racially exclusive neighborhoods, schools, or social gatherings, where white individuals intentionally or unintentionally choose to isolate themselves from people of different races. White segregation can also occur in institutional settings, such as the workplace or government institutions, where individuals of different races may face barriers or exclusionary practices that limit their access or opportunities based on their race. It is important to note that white segregation has historically been perpetuated and enforced by systemic racism and discrimination, contributing to racial inequality and social division.

See also

References

Notes

  1. Date and country of first publication as informed by the Scopus database (December 2023).

Further reading

Massey D.S. (1979) "Residential segregation of Spanish Americans in united states Urbanized Areas", Demography, 16(4), pp. 553-563. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.2307/2060935 10.2307/2060935]

Massey D.S. (1979) "Residential segregation of Spanish Americans in united states Urbanized Areas", Demography, 16(4), pp. 553-563. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.2307/2060935 10.2307/2060935]

Lieberson S.; Carter D.K. (1982) "A Model for Inferring the Voluntary and involuntary causes of residential segregation", Demography, 19(4), pp. 511-526. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.2307/2061016 10.2307/2061016]

Massey D.S. (1983) "A research note on residential succession: The hispanic case", Social Forces, 61(3), pp. 825-833. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1093/sf/61.3.825 10.1093/sf/61.3.825]

Darden J.T. (1984) "THE RESIDENTIAL SEGREGATION OF AMERICAN INDIANS IN METROPOLITAN AREAS OF MICHIGAN", Journal of Urban Affairs, 6(1), pp. 29-52. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9906.1984.tb00437.x 10.1111/j.1467-9906.1984.tb00437.x]

Farley J.E. (1986) "Segregated city, segregated suburbs: To what extent are they products of black white socioeconomic differentials?", Urban Geography, 7(2), pp. 164-171. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.2747/0272-3638.7.2.164 10.2747/0272-3638.7.2.164]

Davies J.C. (1990) "General assistance among u.s. cities: A test of alternative hypotheses", Sociological Spectrum, 10(2), pp. 283-299. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1080/02732173.1990.9981926 10.1080/02732173.1990.9981926]

Bickford A.; Massey D.S. (1991) "Segregation in the second ghetto: Racial and ethnic segregation in american public housing, 1977", Social Forces, 69(4), pp. 1011-1036. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1093/sf/69.4.1011 10.1093/sf/69.4.1011]

Peterson R.D.; Krivo L.J. (1993) "Racial segregation and black urban homicide", Social Forces, 71(4), pp. 1001-1026. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1093/sf/71.4.1001 10.1093/sf/71.4.1001]

Krivo L.J.; Kaufman R.L. (1999) "How low can it go? Declining black white segregation in a multiethnic context", Demography, 36(1), pp. 93-109. Duke University Press. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.2307/2648136 10.2307/2648136]

St. John C.; Clymer R. (2000) "Racial residential segregation by level of socioeconomic status", Social Science Quarterly, 81(3), pp. 701-715. Blackwell Publishing Inc.. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/ ]

St. John C.; Clymer R. (2000) "Racial residential segregation by level of socioeconomic status", Social Science Quarterly, 81(3), pp. 701-715. Blackwell Publishing Inc.. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/ ]

Krysan M.; Farley R. (2002) "The residential preferences of blacks: Do they explain persistent segregation?", Social Forces, 80(3), pp. 937-980. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1353/sof.2002.0011 10.1353/sof.2002.0011]

Yarbrough R.A. (2003) "Latino/White and Latino/Black segregation in the southeastern United States: Findings from census 2000", Southeastern Geographer, 43(2), pp. 235-248. University of Georgia. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1353/sgo.2003.0011 10.1353/sgo.2003.0011]

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Christopher A.J. (2005) "The slow pace of desegregation in South African cities, 1996 2001", Urban Studies, 42(12), pp. 2305-2320. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1080/00420980500332122 10.1080/00420980500332122]

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Galster G.; Cutsinger J. (2007) "Racial settlement and metropolitan land use patterns: Does sprawl abet black white segregation?", Urban Geography, 28(6), pp. 516-553. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.2747/0272-3638.28.6.516 10.2747/0272-3638.28.6.516]

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Fairchild G.B. (2008) "Spatial assimilation and self employement: The case of black Americans", Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 13(3), pp. 269-291. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1142/S1084946708000971 10.1142/S1084946708000971]

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DeFina R.; Hannon L. (2009) "Diversity, racial threat and metropolitan housing segregation", Social Forces, 88(1), pp. 373-394. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1353/sof.0.0234 10.1353/sof.0.0234]

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Reisinger M.E.; Frazier J.W.; Tettey-Fio E.L. (2010) "Patterns and issues in the Latinization of Allentown, Pennsylvania", Race, Ethnicity, and Place in a Changing America, 233-250. State University of New York Press. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/ ]

Lichter D.T.; Parisi D.; Taquino M.C.; Grice S.M. (2010) "Residential segregation in new Hispanic destinations: Cities, suburbs, and rural communities compared", Social Science Research, 39(2), pp. 215-230. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2009.08.006 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2009.08.006]

White M.J.; Glick J.E. (2011) "Achieving anew: How new immigrants do in American schools, jobs, and neighborhoods", Achieving Anew: How New Immigrants do in American Schools, Jobs, and Neighborhoods, 1-226. Russell Sage Foundation. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/ ]

Gorard S.; Cheng S.C. (2011) "Pupil clustering in english secondary schools: One pattern or several?", International Journal of Research and Method in Education, 34(3), pp. 327-339. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1080/1743727X.2011.609548 10.1080/1743727X.2011.609548]

Lewis J.H.; Hamilton D.K. (2011) "Race and regionalism: The structure of local government and racial disparity", Urban Affairs Review, 47(3), pp. 349-384. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1177/1078087410391751 10.1177/1078087410391751]

Nuru-Jeter A.M.; LaVeist T.A. (2011) "Racial segregation, income inequality, and mortality in US metropolitan areas", Journal of Urban Health, 88(2), pp. 270-282. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1007/s11524-010-9524-7 10.1007/s11524-010-9524-7]

Allen J.P.; Turner E. (2012) "Black White and Hispanic White Segregation in U.S. Counties", Professional Geographer, 64(4), pp. 503-520. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1080/00330124.2011.611426 10.1080/00330124.2011.611426]

Slater T.; Anderson N. (2012) "The reputational ghetto: Territorial stigmatisation in St Paul's, Bristol", Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 37(4), pp. 530-546. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-5661.2011.00490.x 10.1111/j.1475-5661.2011.00490.x]

Anderson K.F.; Fullerton A.S. (2012) "Racial residential segregation and access to health care coverage: A multilevel analysis", Research in the Sociology of Health Care, 30(), pp. 133-158. Emerald Group Publishing Ltd.. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1108/S0275-4959(2012)0000030009 10.1108/S0275-4959(2012)0000030009]

Iceland J.; Sharp G. (2013) "White Residential Segregation in U.S. Metropolitan Areas: Conceptual Issues, Patterns, and Trends from the U.S. Census, 1980 to 2010", Population Research and Policy Review, 32(5), pp. 663-686. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1007/s11113-013-9277-6 10.1007/s11113-013-9277-6]

Sharp G.; Iceland J. (2013) "The residential segregation patterns of whites by socioeconomic status, 2000 2011", Social Science Research, 42(4), pp. 1046-1060. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2013.03.007 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2013.03.007]

Iceland J.; Sharp G.; Timberlake J.M. (2013) "Sun Belt Rising: Regional Population Change and the Decline in Black Residential Segregation, 1970 2009", Demography, 50(1), pp. 97-123. Duke University Press. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1007/s13524-012-0136-6 10.1007/s13524-012-0136-6]

Hyra D.S.; Squires G.D.; Renner R.N.; Kirk D.S. (2013) "Metropolitan Segregation and the Subprime Lending Crisis", Housing Policy Debate, 23(1), pp. 177-198. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1080/10511482.2012.697912 10.1080/10511482.2012.697912]

Hyra D.S.; Squires G.D.; Renner R.N.; Kirk D.S. (2013) "Metropolitan Segregation and the Subprime Lending Crisis", Housing Policy Debate, 23(1), pp. 177-198. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1080/10511482.2012.697912 10.1080/10511482.2012.697912]

Logan J.R. (2014) "Diversity and disparities: America enters a new century", Diversity and Disparities: America Enters A New Century, 1-472. Russell Sage Foundation. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/ ]

Quillian L. (2014) "Does segregation create winners and losers? Residential segregation and inequality in educational attainment", Social Problems, 61(3), pp. 402-426. University of California Press. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1525/sp.2014.12193 10.1525/sp.2014.12193]

Hwang J.; Hankinson M.; Kreg Brown S. (2015) "Racial and spatial targeting: Segregation and subprime lending within and across metropolitan areas", Social Forces, 93(3), pp. 1081-1108. Oxford University Press. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1093/sf/sou099 10.1093/sf/sou099]

Lichter D.T.; Parisi D.; Taquino M.C. (2015) "Spatial Assimilation in U.S. Cities and Communities? Emerging Patterns of Hispanic Segregation from Blacks and Whites", Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 660(1), pp. 36-56. SAGE Publications Inc.. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1177/0002716215572995 10.1177/0002716215572995]

Boyd R.L. (2015) "The “Dream of Black Metropolis” in the Early Twentieth Century United States: Racial Segregation, Regional Location, and Black Population Size", Sociological Spectrum, 35(3), pp. 271-285. Bellwether Publishing, Ltd.. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1080/02732173.2015.1021063 10.1080/02732173.2015.1021063]

Davis T.; Bhatt R.; Schwarz K. (2015) "School segregation in the era of accountability", Social Currents, 2(3), pp. 239-259. SAGE Publications Inc.. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1177/2329496515589852 10.1177/2329496515589852]

Parisi D.; Lichter D.T.; Taquino M.C. (2015) "The buffering hypothesis: Growing diversity and declining black white segregation in America's cities, suburbs, and small towns?", Sociological Science, 2(), pp. 125-157. Society for Sociological Science. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.15195/v2.a8 10.15195/v2.a8]

Logan J.R.; Bellman B. (2016) "Before The philadelphia negro: Residential segregation in a Nineteenth Century Northern City", Social Science History, 40(4), pp. 683-706. Cambridge University Press. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1017/ssh.2016.27 10.1017/ssh.2016.27]

Zhang W.; Logan J.R. (2016) "Global Neighborhoods: Beyond the Multiethnic Metropolis", Demography, 53(6), pp. 1933-1953. Springer Science and Business Media, LLC. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1007/s13524-016-0516-4 10.1007/s13524-016-0516-4]

Lichter D.T.; Parisi D.; Taquino M.C. (2016) "Emerging Patterns of Hispanic Residential Segregation: Lessons from Rural and Small Town America", Rural Sociology, 81(4), pp. 483-518. Rural Sociological Society. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1111/ruso.12108 10.1111/ruso.12108]

Malega R.; Stallings R.Y. (2016) "Regional Differences in Affluent Black and Affluent White Residential Outcomes", Geographical Review, 106(1), pp. 72-91. Wiley-Blackwell. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1111/j.1931-0846.2015.12134.x 10.1111/j.1931-0846.2015.12134.x]

Do D.P.; Frank R.; Iceland J. (2017) "Black white metropolitan segregation and self rated health: Investigating the role of neighborhood poverty", Social Science and Medicine, 187(), pp. 85-92. Elsevier Ltd. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.06.010 10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.06.010]

Logan J.R.; Zhang W.; Oakley D. (2017) "Court orders, white flight, and school district segregation, 1970 2010", Social Forces, 95(3), pp. 1049-1075. Oxford University Press. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1093/sf/sow104 10.1093/sf/sow104]

Wagmiller R.L., Jr.; Gage-Bouchard E.; Karraker A. (2017) "Does Black Socioeconomic Mobility Explain Recent Progress Toward Black White Residential Integration?", Demography, 54(4), pp. 1251-1275. Springer Science and Business Media, LLC. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1007/s13524-017-0593-z 10.1007/s13524-017-0593-z]

Kent S.L.; Carmichael J.T. (2017) "Municipal Law Enforcement Policy on Illegal Immigration Stops: Do Social Factors Determine How Aggressively Local Police Respond to Unauthorized Immigrants?", Sociological Inquiry, 87(3), pp. 421-448. Blackwell Publishing Inc.. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1111/soin.12155 10.1111/soin.12155]

Fossett M. (2017) "Further Comments on Differences Between Displacement and Separation", Springer Series on Demographic Methods and Population Analysis, 42(), pp. 117-138. Springer Science and Business Media B.V.. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41304-4_8 10.1007/978-3-319-41304-4_8]

Browning C.R.; Calder C.A.; Krivo L.J.; Smith A.L.; Boettner B. (2017) "Socioeconomic segregation of activity spaces in urban neighborhoods: Does shared residence mean shared routines?", RSF, 3(2), pp. 210-231. Russell Sage Foundation. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.7758/rsf.2017.3.2.09 10.7758/rsf.2017.3.2.09]

Anacker K.; Niedt C.; Kwon C. (2017) "Analyzing segregation in mature and developing suburbs in the United States", Journal of Urban Affairs, 39(6), pp. 819-832. Taylor and Francis Ltd.. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1080/07352166.2017.1305730 10.1080/07352166.2017.1305730]

Anacker K.; Niedt C.; Kwon C. (2017) "Analyzing segregation in mature and developing suburbs in the United States", Journal of Urban Affairs, 39(6), pp. 819-832. Taylor and Francis Ltd.. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1080/07352166.2017.1305730 10.1080/07352166.2017.1305730]

Glayl M.G.; Binti Othman W.M. (2018) "Breaking the limitation of color: A postcolonial analysis of Richard Wright’s native son; [Rompiendo la limitación del color: Un análisis poscolonial del hijo nativo de Richard Wright]", Opcion, 34(85), pp. 2601-2616. Universidad del Zulia. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/ ]

Roca J.D.L.; Ellen I.G.; Steil J. (2018) "Does segregation matter for Latinos?", Journal of Housing Economics, 40(), pp. 129-141. Academic Press Inc.. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhe.2017.10.003 10.1016/j.jhe.2017.10.003]

Crowell A.R.; Fossett M. (2018) "White and Latino Locational Attainments: Assessing the Role of Race and Resources in U.S. Metropolitan Residential Segregation", Sociology of Race and Ethnicity, 4(4), pp. 491-507. SAGE Publications Inc.. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1177/2332649217748426 10.1177/2332649217748426]

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Massey D.S.; Tannen J. (2018) "Suburbanization and segregation in the United States: 1970 2010", Ethnic and Racial Studies, 41(9), pp. 1594-1611. Routledge. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2017.1312010 10.1080/01419870.2017.1312010]

Fiel J.E.; Zhang Y. (2018) "Three Dimensions of Change in School Segregation: A Grade Period Cohort Analysis", Demography, 55(1), pp. 33-58. Springer Science and Business Media, LLC. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1007/s13524-017-0632-9 10.1007/s13524-017-0632-9]

Fiel J.E.; Zhang Y. (2018) "Three Dimensions of Change in School Segregation: A Grade Period Cohort Analysis", Demography, 55(1), pp. 33-58. Springer Science and Business Media, LLC. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1007/s13524-017-0632-9 10.1007/s13524-017-0632-9]

Hess C.; Gabriel R.; Leibbrand C.; Crowder K. (2019) "Does Hypersegregation Matter for Black White Socioeconomic Disparities?", Demography, 56(6), pp. 2169-2191. Springer. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1007/s13524-019-00825-y 10.1007/s13524-019-00825-y]

Light M.T.; Thomas J.T. (2019) "Segregation and Violence Reconsidered: Do Whites Benefit from Residential Segregation?", American Sociological Review, 84(4), pp. 690-725. SAGE Publications Ltd. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1177/0003122419858731 10.1177/0003122419858731]

Mehra R.; Keene D.E.; Kershaw T.S.; Ickovics J.R.; Warren J.L. (2019) "Racial and ethnic disparities in adverse birth outcomes: Differences by racial residential segregation", SSM - Population Health, 8(), pp. -. Elsevier Ltd. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2019.100417 10.1016/j.ssmph.2019.100417]

Hall M.; Iceland J.; Yi Y. (2019) "Racial Separation at Home and Work: Segregation in Residential and Workplace Settings", Population Research and Policy Review, 38(5), pp. 671-694. Springer Netherlands. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1007/s11113-019-09510-9 10.1007/s11113-019-09510-9]

Li H.; Wei Y.D. (2020) "Spatial inequality of housing value changes since the financial crisis", Applied Geography, 115(), pp. -. Elsevier Ltd. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2019.102141 10.1016/j.apgeog.2019.102141]

Richards M.P. (2020) "The racial/ethnic and socioeconomic dynamics of public school district secession, 1995 2015", Teachers College Record, 122(5), pp. 1-20. Teachers College, Columbia University. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/ ]

Richards M.P.; Stroub K.J. (2020) "Metropolitan public school district segregation by race and income, 2000 2011", Teachers College Record, 122(5), pp. 21-41. Teachers College, Columbia University. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/ ]

Richards M.P.; Stroub K.J. (2020) "Metropolitan public school district segregation by race and income, 2000 2011", Teachers College Record, 122(5), pp. 21-41. Teachers College, Columbia University. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/ ]

Blatt L.; Votruba-Drzal E. (2021) "District Level School Choice and Racial/Ethnic Test Score Gaps", American Educational Research Journal, 58(6), pp. 1178-1224. SAGE Publications Inc.. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.3102/0002831221999405 10.3102/0002831221999405]

Blatt L.; Votruba-Drzal E. (2021) "District Level School Choice and Racial/Ethnic Test Score Gaps", American Educational Research Journal, 58(6), pp. 1178-1224. SAGE Publications Inc.. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.3102/0002831221999405 10.3102/0002831221999405]

Clotfelter C.T.; Ladd H.F.; Clifton C.R.; Turaeva M.R. (2021) "School Segregation at the Classroom Level in a Southern ‘New Destination’ State", Race and Social Problems, 13(2), pp. 131-160. Springer. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1007/s12552-020-09309-w 10.1007/s12552-020-09309-w]

Clotfelter C.T.; Ladd H.F.; Clifton C.R.; Turaeva M.R. (2021) "School Segregation at the Classroom Level in a Southern ‘New Destination’ State", Race and Social Problems, 13(2), pp. 131-160. Springer. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1007/s12552-020-09309-w 10.1007/s12552-020-09309-w]

Elbers B. (2021) "Trends in U.S. Residential Racial Segregation, 1990 to 2020", Socius, 7(), pp. -. SAGE Publications Inc.. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1177/23780231211053982 10.1177/23780231211053982]

Galaskiewicz J.; Anderson K.F.; Thompson-Dyck K. (2021) "Minority White income inequality across metropolitan areas: The role of racial/ethnic residential segregation and transportation networks", Journal of Urban Affairs, 43(1), pp. 16-39. Taylor and Francis Ltd.. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1080/07352166.2019.1660581 10.1080/07352166.2019.1660581]

Kitchens K. (2021) "Dividing Lines: The Role School District Boundaries Play in Spending Inequality for Public Education", Social Science Quarterly, 102(1), pp. 468-491. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1111/ssqu.12886 10.1111/ssqu.12886]

Kitchens K.E. (2021) "Exit or invest: Segregation increases investment in public schools", Journal of Politics, 83(1), pp. 71-86. University of Chicago Press. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1086/708916 10.1086/708916]

Kitchens K.E. (2021) "Exit or invest: Segregation increases investment in public schools", Journal of Politics, 83(1), pp. 71-86. University of Chicago Press. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1086/708916 10.1086/708916]

Haupert T. (2022) "New Technology, Old Patterns: Fintech Lending, Metropolitan Segregation, and Subprime Credit", Race and Social Problems, 14(4), pp. 293-307. Springer. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1007/s12552-021-09353-0 10.1007/s12552-021-09353-0]

Fiel J.E. (2022) "Opportunity Seeking Across Segregated Schools: Unintended Effects of Automatic Admission Policies on High School Segregation", Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 44(3), pp. 485-504. SAGE Publications Inc.. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.3102/01623737221078286 10.3102/01623737221078286]

Smith R.M.; Blizard Z.D. (2022) "Does Municipal Incorporation Influence Levels of Black White Segregation? Evidence from Counties in the Southern United States, 1990 2010", Southeastern Geographer, 62(3), pp. 253-270. University of North Carolina Press. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1353/sgo.2022.0028 10.1353/sgo.2022.0028]

Hackworth J. (2023) "Anti Black residential preferences in Toronto", Journal of Urban Affairs, -. Taylor and Francis Ltd.. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1080/07352166.2022.2157731 10.1080/07352166.2022.2157731]

Baker R.B.; Solanki S.M.; Kang C. (2023) "Horizontal and Vertical Racial Segregation in Higher Education: Examining Trends in California Public Colleges", Journal of Higher Education, 94(1), pp. 60-95. Routledge. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1080/00221546.2022.2131970 10.1080/00221546.2022.2131970]

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