Racial residential segregation: Difference between revisions

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====== Date and country of first publication<ref>Date and country of first publication as informed by the Scopus database (December 2023).</ref>======  
===== Date and country of first publication<ref>Date and country of first publication as informed by the Scopus database (December 2023).</ref>=====  
1965<br>
1965<br>
United States
United States
====== Definition ======  
===== Definition =====  


Racial residential segregation refers to the separation of individuals of different races into different neighborhoods or residential areas. This phenomenon often occurs as a result of historical and systemic discrimination, as well as social and economic factors.
Racial residential segregation refers to the separation of individuals of different races into different neighborhoods or residential areas. This phenomenon often occurs as a result of historical and systemic discrimination, as well as social and economic factors.
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==Further reading==  
==Racial Residential Segregation appears on the following literature==  


Miller L. (1965) The Protest Against Housing Segregation. ''The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science'', ''357''(1), 73-79. [https://doi.org/10.1177/000271626535700108]
Miller L. (1965). The Protest Against Housing Segregation. ''The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science'', ''357''(1), 73-79. https://doi.org/10.1177/000271626535700108


Taeuber K.E. (1968) The Effect of Income Redistribution On Racial Residential Segregation. ''Urban Affairs Review'', ''4''(1), 5-14. [https://doi.org/10.1177/107808746800400102]
Taeuber K.E. (1968). The Effect of Income Redistribution On Racial Residential Segregation. ''Urban Affairs Review'', ''4''(1), 5-14. https://doi.org/10.1177/107808746800400102


Lowry M., II (1972) Racial segregation: A geographical adaptation and analysis. ''Journal of Geography'', ''71''(1), 28-40. [https://doi.org/10.1080/00221347208981443]
Lowry M., II (1972). Racial segregation: A geographical adaptation and analysis. ''Journal of Geography'', ''71''(1), 28-40. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221347208981443


Sørensen A., Taeuber K.E., Hollingsworth L.J., Jr. (1975) Indexes of racial residential segregation for 109 cities in the United States, 1940 to 1970. ''Sociological Focus'', ''8''(2), 125-142. [https://doi.org/10.1080/00380237.1975.10571422]
Sørensen A., Taeuber K.E., Hollingsworth L.J., Jr. (1975). Indexes of racial residential segregation for 109 cities in the United States, 1940 to 1970. ''Sociological Focus'', ''8''(2), 125-142. https://doi.org/10.1080/00380237.1975.10571422


Kelleher D.T. (1975) Neighborhood schools and racial residential segregation. ''Educational Forum'', ''39''(2), 209-215. [https://doi.org/10.1080/00131727509339055]
Kelleher D.T. (1975). Neighborhood schools and racial residential segregation. ''Educational Forum'', ''39''(2), 209-215. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131727509339055


Yinger J. (1976) Racial prejudice and racial residential segregation in an urban model. ''Journal of Urban Economics'', ''3''(4), 383-396. [https://doi.org/10.1016/0094-1190(76)90037-1]
Yinger J. (1976). Racial prejudice and racial residential segregation in an urban model. ''Journal of Urban Economics'', ''3''(4), 383-396. https://doi.org/10.1016/0094-1190(76)90037-1


Farley R. (1977) Residential segregation in urbanized areas of the United States in 1970: An analysis of social class and racial differences. ''Demography'', ''14''(4), 497-518. [https://doi.org/10.2307/2060592]
Farley R. (1977). Residential segregation in urbanized areas of the United States in 1970: An analysis of social class and racial differences. ''Demography'', ''14''(4), 497-518. https://doi.org/10.2307/2060592


Farley R., Schuman H., Bianchi S., Colasanto D., Hatchett S. (1978) "Chocolate city, vanilla suburbs:" Will the trend toward racially separate communities continue?. ''Social Science Research'', ''7''(4), 319-344. [https://doi.org/10.1016/0049-089X(78)90017-0]
Farley R., Schuman H., Bianchi S., Colasanto D., Hatchett S. (1978). "Chocolate city, vanilla suburbs:" Will the trend toward racially separate communities continue?. ''Social Science Research'', ''7''(4), 319-344. https://doi.org/10.1016/0049-089X(78)90017-0


Farley R., Bianchi S., Colasanto D. (1979) Barriers to the Racial Integration of Neighborhoods: The Detroit Case. ''The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science'', ''441''(1), 97-113. [https://doi.org/10.1177/000271627944100108]
Farley R., Bianchi S., Colasanto D. (1979). Barriers to the Racial Integration of Neighborhoods: The Detroit Case. ''The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science'', ''441''(1), 97-113. https://doi.org/10.1177/000271627944100108


Taeuber K.E. (1979) Housing, Schools, and Incremental Segregative Effects. ''The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science'', ''441''(1), 157-167. [https://doi.org/10.1177/000271627944100112]
Taeuber K.E. (1979). Housing, Schools, and Incremental Segregative Effects. ''The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science'', ''441''(1), 157-167. https://doi.org/10.1177/000271627944100112


Taylor D.G. (1979) Housing, Neighborhoods, and Race Relations: Recent Survey Evidence. ''The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science'', ''441''(1), 26-40. [https://doi.org/10.1177/000271627944100104]
Taylor D.G. (1979). Housing, Neighborhoods, and Race Relations: Recent Survey Evidence. ''The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science'', ''441''(1), 26-40. https://doi.org/10.1177/000271627944100104


Fly J.W., Reinhart G.R. (1980) Racial Separation during the 1970s: The Case of Birmingham. ''Social Forces'', ''58''(4), 1255-1262. Oxford University Press.[https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/58.4.1255]
Fly J.W., Reinhart G.R. (1980). Racial Separation during the 1970s: The Case of Birmingham. ''Social Forces'', ''58''(4), 1255-1262. Oxford University Press.https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/58.4.1255


Clark W.A.V. (1980) Residential mobility and neighborhood change: Some implications for racial residential segregation. ''Urban Geography'', ''1''(2), 95-107. [https://doi.org/10.2747/0272-3638.1.2.95]
Clark W.A.V. (1980). Residential mobility and neighborhood change: Some implications for racial residential segregation. ''Urban Geography'', ''1''(2), 95-107. https://doi.org/10.2747/0272-3638.1.2.95


Roof W.C. (1980) Southern birth and racial residential segregation: the case of northern cities ( USA).. ''American Journal of Sociology'', ''86''(2), 350-358. [https://doi.org/10.1086/227242]
Roof W.C. (1980). Southern birth and racial residential segregation: the case of northern cities ( USA).. ''American Journal of Sociology'', ''86''(2), 350-358. https://doi.org/10.1086/227242


Streitwieser M.L., Goodman Jr. J.L. (1983) A survey of recent research on race and residential location. ''Population Research and Policy Review'', ''2''(3), 253-283. Kluwer Academic Publishers.[https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00157999]
Streitwieser M.L., Goodman Jr. J.L. (1983). A survey of recent research on race and residential location. ''Population Research and Policy Review'', ''2''(3), 253-283. Kluwer Academic Publishers.https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00157999


Bell P.A., Wade Smith A. (1985) Racial residential segregation in the sun belt. ''Social Indicators Research'', ''16''(2), 181-193. Kluwer Academic Publishers.[https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00574617]
Bell P.A., Wade Smith A. (1985). Racial residential segregation in the sun belt. ''Social Indicators Research'', ''16''(2), 181-193. Kluwer Academic Publishers.https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00574617


Stearns L.B., Logan J.R. (1986) Measuring trends in segregation: Three dimensions, three measures. ''Urban Affairs Review'', ''22''(1), 124-150. [https://doi.org/10.1177/004208168602200107]
Stearns L.B., Logan J.R. (1986). Measuring trends in segregation: Three dimensions, three measures. ''Urban Affairs Review'', ''22''(1), 124-150. https://doi.org/10.1177/004208168602200107


Pirie G.H. (1987) African township railways and the South African state, 1902 1963. ''Journal of Historical Geography'', ''13''(3), 283-295. [https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-7488(87)80117-2]
Pirie G.H. (1987). African township railways and the South African state, 1902 1963. ''Journal of Historical Geography'', ''13''(3), 283-295. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-7488(87)80117-2


Galster G.C. (1987) Residential segregation and interracial economic disparities: A simultaneous equations approach. ''Journal of Urban Economics'', ''21''(1), 22-44. [https://doi.org/10.1016/0094-1190(87)90020-9]
Galster G.C. (1987). Residential segregation and interracial economic disparities: A simultaneous equations approach. ''Journal of Urban Economics'', ''21''(1), 22-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/0094-1190(87)90020-9


Darden J.T. (1987) Socioeconomic Status and Racial Residential Segregation: Blacks and Hispanics in Chicago. ''Comparative Sociology'', ''28''(1-2), 1-13. [https://doi.org/10.1163/156854287X00013]
Darden J.T. (1987). Socioeconomic Status and Racial Residential Segregation: Blacks and Hispanics in Chicago. ''Comparative Sociology'', ''28''(1-2), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1163/156854287X00013


Frenkel S., Western J. (1988) Pretext or Prophylaxis? Racial Segregation and Malarial Mosquitos in a British Tropical Colony: Sierra Leone. ''Annals of the Association of American Geographers'', ''78''(2), 211-228. [https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8306.1988.tb00203.x]
Frenkel S., Western J. (1988). Pretext or Prophylaxis? Racial Segregation and Malarial Mosquitos in a British Tropical Colony: Sierra Leone. ''Annals of the Association of American Geographers'', ''78''(2), 211-228. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8306.1988.tb00203.x


Galster G. (1988) Residential segregation in American cities: A contrary review. ''Population Research and Policy Review'', ''7''(2), 93-112. [https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00125462]
Galster G. (1988). Residential segregation in American cities: A contrary review. ''Population Research and Policy Review'', ''7''(2), 93-112. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00125462


Galster G. (1988) Residential segregation in American cities: A contrary review. ''Population Research and Policy Review'', ''7''(3), 93-112. Kluwer Academic Publishers.[https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00125462]
Galster G. (1988). Residential segregation in American cities: A contrary review. ''Population Research and Policy Review'', ''7''(3), 93-112. Kluwer Academic Publishers.https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00125462


Galster G.C., Keeney W.M. (1988) Race, residence, discrimination, and economic opportunity: Modeling the Nexus of Urban Racial Phenomena. ''Urban Affairs Review'', ''24''(1), 87-117. [https://doi.org/10.1177/004208168802400106]
Galster G.C., Keeney W.M. (1988). Race, residence, discrimination, and economic opportunity: Modeling the Nexus of Urban Racial Phenomena. ''Urban Affairs Review'', ''24''(1), 87-117. https://doi.org/10.1177/004208168802400106


Pirie G.H. (1988) Housing essential service workers in Johannesburg: Locational constraint and conflict. ''Urban Geography'', ''9''(6), 568-583. [https://doi.org/10.2747/0272-3638.9.6.568]
Pirie G.H. (1988). Housing essential service workers in Johannesburg: Locational constraint and conflict. ''Urban Geography'', ''9''(6), 568-583. https://doi.org/10.2747/0272-3638.9.6.568


Christopher A.J. (1989) Calculating urban segregation levels in south africa. ''South African Journal of Sociology'', ''20''(3), 169-175. [https://doi.org/10.1080/02580144.1989.10432148]
Christopher A.J. (1989). Calculating urban segregation levels in south africa. ''South African Journal of Sociology'', ''20''(3), 169-175. https://doi.org/10.1080/02580144.1989.10432148


Dauskardt R.P.A. (1989) Local state, segregation and transport provision: The atteridgeville bus boycott, 1947. ''South African Geographical Journal'', ''71''(2), 109-115. [https://doi.org/10.1080/03736245.1989.9713518]
Dauskardt R.P.A. (1989). Local state, segregation and transport provision: The atteridgeville bus boycott, 1947. ''South African Geographical Journal'', ''71''(2), 109-115. https://doi.org/10.1080/03736245.1989.9713518


Boswell T.D. (1990) Hispanic segregation patterns in metropolitan Miami. ''Florida Geographer'', ''24''(), 34-66. [https://doi.org/]
Boswell T.D. (1990). Hispanic segregation patterns in metropolitan Miami. ''Florida Geographer'', ''24''(), 34-66. https://doi.org/


Butler E.W., Fukurai H. (1992) Computer aided evaluation of racial representation in jury selection. ''Computers, Environment and Urban Systems'', ''16''(2), 131-155. [https://doi.org/10.1016/0198-9715(92)90024-L]
Butler E.W., Fukurai H. (1992). Computer aided evaluation of racial representation in jury selection. ''Computers, Environment and Urban Systems'', ''16''(2), 131-155. https://doi.org/10.1016/0198-9715(92)90024-L


Messner S.F., South S.J. (1992) Interracial homicide: A macrostructural opportunity perspective. ''Sociological Forum'', ''7''(3), 517-536. Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers.[https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01117559]
Messner S.F., South S.J. (1992). Interracial homicide: A macrostructural opportunity perspective. ''Sociological Forum'', ''7''(3), 517-536. Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers.https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01117559


Downs A. (1992) Policy Directions Concerning Racial Discrimination in U.S. Housing Markets. ''Housing Policy Debate'', ''3''(2), 685-745. [https://doi.org/10.1080/10511482.1992.9521106]
Downs A. (1992). Policy Directions Concerning Racial Discrimination in U.S. Housing Markets. ''Housing Policy Debate'', ''3''(2), 685-745. https://doi.org/10.1080/10511482.1992.9521106


Peterson R.D., Krivo L.J. (1993) Racial segregation and black urban homicide. ''Social Forces'', ''71''(4), 1001-1026. [https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/71.4.1001]
Peterson R.D., Krivo L.J. (1993). Racial segregation and black urban homicide. ''Social Forces'', ''71''(4), 1001-1026. https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/71.4.1001


Maharaj B., Mpungose J. (1994) The erosion of residential segregation in South Africa: The 'greying' of Albert Park in Durban. ''Geoforum'', ''25''(1), 19-32. [https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7185(94)90003-5]
Maharaj B., Mpungose J. (1994). The erosion of residential segregation in South Africa: The 'greying' of Albert Park in Durban. ''Geoforum'', ''25''(1), 19-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7185(94)90003-5


Logan J.R., Alba R.D., Leung S.-Y. (1996) Minority access to white suburbs: A multiregional comparison. ''Social Forces'', ''74''(3), 851-881. University of North Carolina Press.[https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/74.3.851]
Logan J.R., Alba R.D., Leung S.-Y. (1996). Minority access to white suburbs: A multiregional comparison. ''Social Forces'', ''74''(3), 851-881. University of North Carolina Press.https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/74.3.851


Bobo L., Zubrinsky C.L. (1996) Attitudes on residential integration: Perceived status differences, mere in group preference, or racial prejudice?. ''Social Forces'', ''74''(3), 883-909. University of North Carolina Press.[https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/74.3.883]
Bobo L., Zubrinsky C.L. (1996). Attitudes on residential integration: Perceived status differences, mere in group preference, or racial prejudice?. ''Social Forces'', ''74''(3), 883-909. University of North Carolina Press.https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/74.3.883


Fong E. (1996) A comparative perspective on racial residential segregation: American and canadian experiences. ''Sociological Quarterly'', ''37''(2), 199-226. University of California Press.[https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1533-8525.1996.tb01746.x]
Fong E. (1996). A comparative perspective on racial residential segregation: American and canadian experiences. ''Sociological Quarterly'', ''37''(2), 199-226. University of California Press.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1533-8525.1996.tb01746.x


Zubrinsky C.L., Bobo L. (1996) Prismatic metropolis: Race and residential segregation in the city of the angels. ''Social Science Research'', ''25''(4), 335-374. Academic Press Inc..[https://doi.org/10.1006/ssre.1996.0016]
Zubrinsky C.L., Bobo L. (1996). Prismatic metropolis: Race and residential segregation in the city of the angels. ''Social Science Research'', ''25''(4), 335-374. Academic Press Inc..https://doi.org/10.1006/ssre.1996.0016


Iceland J. (1997) Urban labor markets and individual transitions out of poverty. ''Demography'', ''34''(3), 429-441. Duke University Press.[https://doi.org/10.2307/3038295]
Iceland J. (1997). Urban labor markets and individual transitions out of poverty. ''Demography'', ''34''(3), 429-441. Duke University Press.https://doi.org/10.2307/3038295


Darden J.T., Bagaka's J.G., Ji S.-J. (1997) Racial residential segregation and the concentration of low  and high income households in the 45 largest U.S. metropolitan areas. ''Journal of Developing Societies'', ''13''(2), X-194. [https://doi.org/]
Darden J.T., Bagaka's J.G., Ji S.-J. (1997). Racial residential segregation and the concentration of low  and high income households in the 45 largest U.S. metropolitan areas. ''Journal of Developing Societies'', ''13''(2), X-194. https://doi.org/


Fang J., Madhavan S., Bosworth W., Alderman M.H. (1998) Residential segregation and mortality in New York City. ''Social Science and Medicine'', ''47''(4), 469-476. [https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(98)00128-2]
Fang J., Madhavan S., Bosworth W., Alderman M.H. (1998). Residential segregation and mortality in New York City. ''Social Science and Medicine'', ''47''(4), 469-476. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(98)00128-2


Gotham K.F. (1998) Blind faith in the free market: Urban Poverty, Residential Segregation, and Federal Housing Retrenchment, 1970 1995. ''Sociological Inquiry'', ''68''(1), 1-31. Chinese Corporation for Promotion of Humanities.[https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-682X.1998.tb00452.x]
Gotham K.F. (1998). Blind faith in the free market: Urban Poverty, Residential Segregation, and Federal Housing Retrenchment, 1970 1995. ''Sociological Inquiry'', ''68''(1), 1-31. Chinese Corporation for Promotion of Humanities.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-682X.1998.tb00452.x


Krivo L.J., Peterson R.D., Rizzo H., Reynolds J.R. (1998) Race, segregation, and the concentration of disadvantage: 1980 1990. ''Social Problems'', ''45''(1), 61-79. University of California Press.[https://doi.org/10.2307/3097143]
Krivo L.J., Peterson R.D., Rizzo H., Reynolds J.R. (1998). Race, segregation, and the concentration of disadvantage: 1980 1990. ''Social Problems'', ''45''(1), 61-79. University of California Press.https://doi.org/10.2307/3097143


Collins C.A., Williams D.R. (1999) Segregation and mortality: The deadly effects of racism?. ''Sociological Forum'', ''14''(3), 495-523. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers.[https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021403820451]
Collins C.A., Williams D.R. (1999). Segregation and mortality: The deadly effects of racism?. ''Sociological Forum'', ''14''(3), 495-523. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers.https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021403820451


Adelman R.M., Jaret C. (1999) Poverty, race, and US metropolitan social and economic structure. ''Journal of Urban Affairs'', ''21''(1), 35-56. Blackwell Publishing Ltd.[https://doi.org/10.1111/0735-2166.00002]
Adelman R.M., Jaret C. (1999). Poverty, race, and US metropolitan social and economic structure. ''Journal of Urban Affairs'', ''21''(1), 35-56. Blackwell Publishing Ltd.https://doi.org/10.1111/0735-2166.00002


Peterson R.D., Krivo L.J. (1999) Racial segregation, the concentration of disadvantage, and black and white homicide victimization. ''Sociological Forum'', ''14''(3), 465-493. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers.[https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021451703612]
Peterson R.D., Krivo L.J. (1999). Racial segregation, the concentration of disadvantage, and black and white homicide victimization. ''Sociological Forum'', ''14''(3), 465-493. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers.https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021451703612


Krivo L.J., Kaufman R.L. (1999) How low can it go? Declining black white segregation in a multiethnic context. ''Demography'', ''36''(1), 93-109. Duke University Press.[https://doi.org/10.2307/2648136]
Krivo L.J., Kaufman R.L. (1999). How low can it go? Declining black white segregation in a multiethnic context. ''Demography'', ''36''(1), 93-109. Duke University Press.https://doi.org/10.2307/2648136


Young I.M. (1999) Residential segregation and differentiated citizenship. ''Citizenship Studies'', ''3''(2), 237-252. Carfax Publishing Company.[https://doi.org/10.1080/13621029908420712]
Young I.M. (1999). Residential segregation and differentiated citizenship. ''Citizenship Studies'', ''3''(2), 237-252. Carfax Publishing Company.https://doi.org/10.1080/13621029908420712


Stoll M.A., Raphael S. (2000) Racial differences in spatial job search patterns: Exploring the causes and consequences. ''Economic Geography'', ''76''(3), 201-223. [https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1944-8287.2000.tb00141.x]
Stoll M.A., Raphael S. (2000). Racial differences in spatial job search patterns: Exploring the causes and consequences. ''Economic Geography'', ''76''(3), 201-223. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1944-8287.2000.tb00141.x


Pattillo-McCoy M. (2000) The limits of out migration for the black middle class. ''Journal of Urban Affairs'', ''22''(3), 225-241. Blackwell Publishing Inc..[https://doi.org/10.1111/0735-2166.00054]
Pattillo-McCoy M. (2000). The limits of out migration for the black middle class. ''Journal of Urban Affairs'', ''22''(3), 225-241. Blackwell Publishing Inc..https://doi.org/10.1111/0735-2166.00054


St. John C., Clymer R. (2000) Racial residential segregation by level of socioeconomic status. ''Social Science Quarterly'', ''81''(3), 701-715. Blackwell Publishing Inc..[https://doi.org/]
St. John C., Clymer R. (2000). Racial residential segregation by level of socioeconomic status. ''Social Science Quarterly'', ''81''(3), 701-715. Blackwell Publishing Inc..https://doi.org/


Gotham K.F. (2000) Urban space, restrictive covenants and the origins of racial residential segregation in a US city, 1900 50. ''International Journal of Urban and Regional Research'', ''24''(3), 616-633. Blackwell Publishing Ltd.[https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2427.00268]
Gotham K.F. (2000). Urban space, restrictive covenants and the origins of racial residential segregation in a US city, 1900 50. ''International Journal of Urban and Regional Research'', ''24''(3), 616-633. Blackwell Publishing Ltd.https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2427.00268


Emerson M.O., Yancey G., Chai K.J. (2001) Does race matter in residential segregation? Exploring the preferences of White Americans. ''American Sociological Review'', ''66''(6), 922-935. American Sociological Association.[https://doi.org/10.2307/3088879]
Emerson M.O., Yancey G., Chai K.J. (2001). Does race matter in residential segregation? Exploring the preferences of White Americans. ''American Sociological Review'', ''66''(6), 922-935. American Sociological Association.https://doi.org/10.2307/3088879


Charles C.Z. (2003) The Dynamics of Racial Residential Segregation. ''Annual Review of Sociology'', ''29''(), 167-207. [https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.29.010202.100002]
Charles C.Z. (2003). The Dynamics of Racial Residential Segregation. ''Annual Review of Sociology'', ''29''(), 167-207. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.29.010202.100002


Charles C.Z. (2003) Processes of racial residential segregation. ''Urban Inequality: Evidence From Four Cities'', 217-271. Russell Sage Foundation.[https://doi.org/]
Charles C.Z. (2003). Processes of racial residential segregation. ''Urban Inequality: Evidence From Four Cities'', 217-271. Russell Sage Foundation.https://doi.org/


Armstrong D.L., Strogatz D., Wang R. (2004) United States coronary mortality trends and community services associated with occupational structure, among blacks and whites, 1984 1998. ''Social Science and Medicine'', ''58''(11), 2349-2361. Elsevier Ltd.[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2003.08.030]
Armstrong D.L., Strogatz D., Wang R. (2004). United States coronary mortality trends and community services associated with occupational structure, among blacks and whites, 1984 1998. ''Social Science and Medicine'', ''58''(11), 2349-2361. Elsevier Ltd.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2003.08.030


Johnson J.H., Jr., Parnell A., Joyner A.M., Christman C.J., Marsh B. (2004) Racial apartheid in a small North Carolina town. ''Review of Black Political Economy'', ''31''(4), 89-107. Springer Science and Business Media, LLC.[https://doi.org/10.1007/s12114-004-1012-4]
Johnson J.H., Jr., Parnell A., Joyner A.M., Christman C.J., Marsh B. (2004). Racial apartheid in a small North Carolina town. ''Review of Black Political Economy'', ''31''(4), 89-107. Springer Science and Business Media, LLC.https://doi.org/10.1007/s12114-004-1012-4


Parker K.F. (2004) Industrial shift, polarized labor markets and urban violence: Modeling the dynamics between the economic transformation and disaggregated homicide. ''Criminology'', ''42''(3), 619-646. American Society of Criminology.[https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.2004.tb00531.x]
Parker K.F. (2004). Industrial shift, polarized labor markets and urban violence: Modeling the dynamics between the economic transformation and disaggregated homicide. ''Criminology'', ''42''(3), 619-646. American Society of Criminology.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.2004.tb00531.x


Subramanian S.V., Acevedo-Garcia D., Osypuk T.L. (2005) Racial residential segregation and geographic heterogeneity in black/white disparity in poor self rated health in the US: A multilevel statistical analysis. ''Social Science and Medicine'', ''60''(8), 1667-1679. Elsevier Ltd.[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.08.040]
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Yu Q., Salvador C.E., Melani I., Berg M.K., Neblett E.W., Kitayama S. (2021) Racial residential segregation and economic disparity jointly exacerbate COVID 19 fatality in large American cities. ''Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences'', ''1494''(1), 18-30. John Wiley and Sons Inc.[https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.14567]
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Bento A. (2021) When and Where Residential Racial Segregation Matters for the Black Self employment Rate. ''Review of Black Political Economy'', ''48''(4), 455-480. SAGE Publications Inc..[https://doi.org/10.1177/00346446211013557]
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Quan N.S.N., Kramer M.R. (2021) Revealing the variations in impact of economic segregation on preterm birth among disaggregated Asian ethnicities across MSAs in the United States: 2015 2017. ''SSM - Population Health'', ''14''(), -. Elsevier Ltd.[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2021.100813]
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Ibekwe L.N., Fernández-Esquer M.E., Pruitt S.L., Ranjit N., Fernández M.E. (2022) Associations between perceived racial discrimination, racial residential segregation, and cancer screening adherence among low income African Americans: a multilevel, cross sectional analysis. ''Ethnicity and Health'', -. Routledge.[https://doi.org/10.1080/13557858.2022.2043246]
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Abbott E.E., Buckler D.G., Hsu J.Y., Jacoby S.F., Abella B.S., Richardson L.D., Carr B.G., Zebrowski A.M. (2022) Survival After Out of Hospital Cardiac Arrest: The Role of Racial Residential Segregation. ''Journal of Urban Health'', ''99''(6), 998-1011. Springer.[https://doi.org/10.1007/s11524-022-00691-x]
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Planey A.M., Grady S.C., Fetaw R., McLafferty S.L. (2022) Spaces of Segregation and Health: Complex Associations for Black Immigrant and US Born Mothers in New York City. ''Journal of Urban Health'', ''99''(3), 469-481. Springer.[https://doi.org/10.1007/s11524-022-00634-6]
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Farley R. (2022) Chocolate city, vanilla suburbs revisited. ''Du Bois Review'', ''19''(1), -. Cambridge University Press.[https://doi.org/10.1017/S1742058X21000266]
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Li M., Yuan F. (2022) Historical Redlining and Resident Exposure to COVID 19: A Study of New York City. ''Race and Social Problems'', ''14''(2), 85-100. Springer.[https://doi.org/10.1007/s12552-021-09338-z]
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Wang G., Schwartz G.L., Kershaw K.N., McGowan C., Kim M.H., Hamad R. (2022) The association of residential racial segregation with health among U.S. children: A nationwide longitudinal study. ''SSM - Population Health'', ''19''(), -. Elsevier Ltd.[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101250]
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Kephart L. (2022) How Racial Residential Segregation Structures Access and Exposure to Greenness and Green Space: A Review. ''Environmental Justice'', ''15''(4), 204-213. Mary Ann Liebert Inc..[https://doi.org/10.1089/env.2021.0039]
Kephart L. (2022). How Racial Residential Segregation Structures Access and Exposure to Greenness and Green Space: A Review. ''Environmental Justice'', ''15''(4), 204-213. Mary Ann Liebert Inc..https://doi.org/10.1089/env.2021.0039


Schwartz G.L., Wang G., Kershaw K.N., McGowan C., Kim M.H., Hamad R. (2022) The long shadow of residential racial segregation: Associations between childhood residential segregation trajectories and young adult health among Black US Americans. ''Health and Place'', ''77''(), -. Elsevier Ltd.[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2022.102904]
Schwartz G.L., Wang G., Kershaw K.N., McGowan C., Kim M.H., Hamad R. (2022). The long shadow of residential racial segregation: Associations between childhood residential segregation trajectories and young adult health among Black US Americans. ''Health and Place'', ''77''(), -. Elsevier Ltd.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2022.102904


Dove-Medows E., Misra D.P., Benkert R., Giurgescu C. (2022) A Qualitative Approach to the Dimensions of Segregation among Pregnant Black Women. ''Journal of Urban Health'', ''99''(4), 692-700. Springer.[https://doi.org/10.1007/s11524-022-00661-3]
Dove-Medows E., Misra D.P., Benkert R., Giurgescu C. (2022). A Qualitative Approach to the Dimensions of Segregation among Pregnant Black Women. ''Journal of Urban Health'', ''99''(4), 692-700. Springer.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11524-022-00661-3


Moody H., Easley L.E., Sissen M. (2022) Water Shutoffs During COVID 19 and Black Lives: Case Study Detroit. ''Environmental Justice'', ''15''(5), 313-318. Mary Ann Liebert Inc..[https://doi.org/10.1089/env.2020.0064]
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Eichenbaum A., Tate A.D. (2022) Health Inequity in Georgia During the COVID 19 Pandemic: An Ecological Analysis Assessing the Relationship Between County Level Racial/Ethnic and Economic Polarization Using the ICE and SARS CoV 2 Cases, Hospitalizations, and Deaths in Georgia as of October 2020. ''Health Equity'', ''6''(1), 230-239. Mary Ann Liebert Inc..[https://doi.org/10.1089/heq.2021.0118]
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Moss J.L., Popalis M., Ramirez S.I., Reedy-Cooper A., Ruffin M.T., IV (2022) Disparities in Cancer Screening: The Role of County Level Metropolitan Status and Racial Residential Segregation. ''Journal of Community Health'', ''47''(1), 168-178. Springer.[https://doi.org/10.1007/s10900-021-01035-7]
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Morrell E., Blackwell D. (2022) Spatialized Intersectionality: Gendered and Racialized Residential Segregation and the Milwaukee Lead Crisis. ''Environmental Justice'', ''15''(1), 31-38. Mary Ann Liebert Inc..[https://doi.org/10.1089/env.2021.0015]
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Li M., Yuan F. (2022) Historical redlining and food environments: A study of 102 urban areas in the United States. ''Health and Place'', ''75''(), -. Elsevier Ltd.[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2022.102775]
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Kong A.Y., Herbert L., Feldman J.M., Trangenstein P.J., Fakunle D.O., Lee J.G.L. (2022) Tobacco and Alcohol Retailer Availability and Neighborhood Racialized, Economic, and Racialized Economic Segregation in North Carolina. ''Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities'', -. Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH.[https://doi.org/10.1007/s40615-022-01463-8]
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Revision as of 11:31, 16 April 2024

Date and country of first publication[1]

1965
United States

Definition

Racial residential segregation refers to the separation of individuals of different races into different neighborhoods or residential areas. This phenomenon often occurs as a result of historical and systemic discrimination, as well as social and economic factors.

Racial segregation in residential areas can have negative impacts on individuals and communities, including limited access to quality education, healthcare, employment opportunities, and socioeconomic resources. It can also contribute to the perpetuation of racial inequalities and disparities in society.

Efforts to address racial residential segregation may include implementing fair housing policies, promoting inclusive and diverse neighborhoods, and addressing underlying factors such as poverty and discrimination. By creating more equitable and integrated communities, we can work towards a more just and inclusive society for all.

See also

References

Notes

  1. Date and country of first publication as informed by the Scopus database (December 2023).
At its current state, this definition has been generated by a Large Language Model (LLM) so far without review by an independent researcher or a member of the curating team of segregation experts that keep the Segregation Wiki online. While we strive for accuracy, we cannot guarantee its reliability, completeness and timeliness. Please use this content with caution and verify information as needed. Also, feel free to improve on the definition as you see fit, including the use of references and other informational resources. We value your input in enhancing the quality and accuracy of the definitions of segregation forms collectively offered in the Segregation Wiki ©.

Racial Residential Segregation appears on the following literature

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Lowry M., II (1972). Racial segregation: A geographical adaptation and analysis. Journal of Geography, 71(1), 28-40. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221347208981443

Sørensen A., Taeuber K.E., Hollingsworth L.J., Jr. (1975). Indexes of racial residential segregation for 109 cities in the United States, 1940 to 1970. Sociological Focus, 8(2), 125-142. https://doi.org/10.1080/00380237.1975.10571422

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Taylor D.G. (1979). Housing, Neighborhoods, and Race Relations: Recent Survey Evidence. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 441(1), 26-40. https://doi.org/10.1177/000271627944100104

Fly J.W., Reinhart G.R. (1980). Racial Separation during the 1970s: The Case of Birmingham. Social Forces, 58(4), 1255-1262. Oxford University Press.https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/58.4.1255

Clark W.A.V. (1980). Residential mobility and neighborhood change: Some implications for racial residential segregation. Urban Geography, 1(2), 95-107. https://doi.org/10.2747/0272-3638.1.2.95

Roof W.C. (1980). Southern birth and racial residential segregation: the case of northern cities ( USA).. American Journal of Sociology, 86(2), 350-358. https://doi.org/10.1086/227242

Streitwieser M.L., Goodman Jr. J.L. (1983). A survey of recent research on race and residential location. Population Research and Policy Review, 2(3), 253-283. Kluwer Academic Publishers.https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00157999

Bell P.A., Wade Smith A. (1985). Racial residential segregation in the sun belt. Social Indicators Research, 16(2), 181-193. Kluwer Academic Publishers.https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00574617

Stearns L.B., Logan J.R. (1986). Measuring trends in segregation: Three dimensions, three measures. Urban Affairs Review, 22(1), 124-150. https://doi.org/10.1177/004208168602200107

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