Income segregation: Difference between revisions

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====== Date and country of first publication<ref>Date and country of first publication as informed by the Scopus database (December 2023).</ref>======  
===== Date and country of first publication<ref>Date and country of first publication as informed by the Scopus database (December 2023).</ref>=====  
1984<br>
1984<br>
United States
United States
====== Definition ======  
===== Definition =====  


Income segregation refers to the division of communities or neighborhoods based on income levels. This can manifest in various ways, such as gated communities for higher income households, or low-income housing projects that isolate lower-income individuals from the rest of the community. Income segregation can have negative consequences, such as limiting opportunities for social mobility and exacerbating income inequality. It can also lead to social isolation and perpetuate stereotypes and misconceptions about people of different income levels. Efforts to address income segregation may involve policies aimed at promoting mixed-income housing developments, improving access to affordable housing, and increasing economic opportunities for all residents.
Income segregation refers to the division of communities or neighborhoods based on income levels. This can manifest in various ways, such as gated communities for higher income households, or low-income housing projects that isolate lower-income individuals from the rest of the community. Income segregation can have negative consequences, such as limiting opportunities for social mobility and exacerbating income inequality. It can also lead to social isolation and perpetuate stereotypes and misconceptions about people of different income levels. Efforts to address income segregation may involve policies aimed at promoting mixed-income housing developments, improving access to affordable housing, and increasing economic opportunities for all residents.
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==Further reading==  
==Income Segregation appears on the following literature==  


Stahura J.M. (1984) A research note on the metropolitan determinants of suburban persistence. ''Social Forces'', ''62''(3), 767-774. [https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/62.3.767]
Stahura J.M. (1984). A research note on the metropolitan determinants of suburban persistence. ''Social Forces'', ''62''(3), 767-774. https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/62.3.767


Coulibaly M. (1993) Racial and Income Segregation in Low Income Housing: 1934 1992. ''Review of Radical Political Economics'', ''25''(3), 104-112. [https://doi.org/10.1177/048661349302500313]
Coulibaly M. (1993). Racial and Income Segregation in Low Income Housing: 1934 1992. ''Review of Radical Political Economics'', ''25''(3), 104-112. https://doi.org/10.1177/048661349302500313


Massey D.S., Eggers M.L. (1993) The spatial concentration of affluence and poverty during the 1970s. ''Urban Affairs Review'', ''29''(2), 299-315. [https://doi.org/10.1177/004208169302900206]
Massey D.S., Eggers M.L. (1993). The spatial concentration of affluence and poverty during the 1970s. ''Urban Affairs Review'', ''29''(2), 299-315. https://doi.org/10.1177/004208169302900206


Abramson A.J., Tobin M.S., VanderGoot M.R. (1995) The Changing Geography of Metropolitan Opportunity: The Segregation of the Poor in U.S. Metropolitan Areas, 1970 to 1990. ''Housing Policy Debate'', ''6''(1), 45-72. [https://doi.org/10.1080/10511482.1995.9521181]
Abramson A.J., Tobin M.S., VanderGoot M.R. (1995). The Changing Geography of Metropolitan Opportunity: The Segregation of the Poor in U.S. Metropolitan Areas, 1970 to 1990. ''Housing Policy Debate'', ''6''(1), 45-72. https://doi.org/10.1080/10511482.1995.9521181


Van Kempen R., Priemus H. (1999) Undivided cities in the Netherlands: Present situation and political rhetoric. ''Housing Studies'', ''14''(5), 641-657. Carfax Publishing Company.[https://doi.org/10.1080/02673039982650]
Van Kempen R., Priemus H. (1999). Undivided cities in the Netherlands: Present situation and political rhetoric. ''Housing Studies'', ''14''(5), 641-657. Carfax Publishing Company.https://doi.org/10.1080/02673039982650


Fong E., Shibuya K. (2000) The spatial separation of the poor in Canadian cities. ''Demography'', ''37''(4), 449-459. Duke University Press.[https://doi.org/10.2307/2648071]
Fong E., Shibuya K. (2000). The spatial separation of the poor in Canadian cities. ''Demography'', ''37''(4), 449-459. Duke University Press.https://doi.org/10.2307/2648071


Ross N.A., Nobrega K., Dunn J. (2001) Income segregation, income inequality and mortality in North American metropolitan areas. ''GeoJournal'', ''53''(2), 117-124. [https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015720518936]
Ross N.A., Nobrega K., Dunn J. (2001). Income segregation, income inequality and mortality in North American metropolitan areas. ''GeoJournal'', ''53''(2), 117-124. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015720518936


Nechyba T. (2003) School finance, spatial income segregation, and the nature of communities. ''Journal of Urban Economics'', ''54''(1), 61-88. Academic Press Inc..[https://doi.org/10.1016/S0094-1190(03)00041-X]
Nechyba T. (2003). School finance, spatial income segregation, and the nature of communities. ''Journal of Urban Economics'', ''54''(1), 61-88. Academic Press Inc..https://doi.org/10.1016/S0094-1190(03)00041-X


Pendall R., Carruthers J.I. (2003) Does density exacerbate income segregation? Evidence from U.S. Metropolitan Areas, 1980 to 2000. ''Housing Policy Debate'', ''14''(4), 541-589. Routledge.[https://doi.org/10.1080/10511482.2003.9521487]
Pendall R., Carruthers J.I. (2003). Does density exacerbate income segregation? Evidence from U.S. Metropolitan Areas, 1980 to 2000. ''Housing Policy Debate'', ''14''(4), 541-589. Routledge.https://doi.org/10.1080/10511482.2003.9521487


Fischer M.J. (2003) The relative importance of income and race in determining residential outcomes in U.S. urban areas, 1970 2000. ''Urban Affairs Review'', ''38''(5), 669-696. [https://doi.org/10.1177/1078087403038005003]
Fischer M.J. (2003). The relative importance of income and race in determining residential outcomes in U.S. urban areas, 1970 2000. ''Urban Affairs Review'', ''38''(5), 669-696. https://doi.org/10.1177/1078087403038005003


Ross N.A., Houle C., Dunn J.R., Aye M. (2004) Dimensions and dynamics of residential segregation by income in urban Canada, 1991 1996. ''Canadian Geographer'', ''48''(4), 433-445. [https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0008-3658.2004.00069.x]
Ross N.A., Houle C., Dunn J.R., Aye M. (2004). Dimensions and dynamics of residential segregation by income in urban Canada, 1991 1996. ''Canadian Geographer'', ''48''(4), 433-445. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0008-3658.2004.00069.x


Pendall R. (2005) Does density exacerbate income segregation? Evidence from U.S. Metropolitan areas, 1980 1990. ''Desegregating The City: Ghettos, Enclaves, and Inequality'', 175-199. State University of New York Press.[https://doi.org/]
Pendall R. (2005). Does density exacerbate income segregation? Evidence from U.S. Metropolitan areas, 1980 1990. ''Desegregating The City: Ghettos, Enclaves, and Inequality'', 175-199. State University of New York Press.https://doi.org/


Burgess S., Wilson D. (2005) Ethnic segregation in England's schools. ''Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers'', ''30''(1), 20-36. [https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-5661.2005.00149.x]
Burgess S., Wilson D. (2005). Ethnic segregation in England's schools. ''Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers'', ''30''(1), 20-36. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-5661.2005.00149.x


Varady D.P. (2005) Desegregating the city: Ghettos, enclaves, and inequality. ''Desegregating the City: Ghettos, Enclaves, and Inequality'', 1-310. State University of New York Press.[https://doi.org/]
Varady D.P. (2005). Desegregating the city: Ghettos, enclaves, and inequality. ''Desegregating the City: Ghettos, Enclaves, and Inequality'', 1-310. State University of New York Press.https://doi.org/


Schmidheiny K. (2006) Income segregation from local income taxation when households differ in both preferences and incomes. ''Regional Science and Urban Economics'', ''36''(2), 270-299. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2005.10.003]
Schmidheiny K. (2006). Income segregation from local income taxation when households differ in both preferences and incomes. ''Regional Science and Urban Economics'', ''36''(2), 270-299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2005.10.003


Schmidheiny K. (2006) Income segregation and local progressive taxation: Empirical evidence from Switzerland. ''Journal of Public Economics'', ''90''(3), 429-458. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2005.09.003]
Schmidheiny K. (2006). Income segregation and local progressive taxation: Empirical evidence from Switzerland. ''Journal of Public Economics'', ''90''(3), 429-458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2005.09.003


Schmidheiny K. (2006) Income segregation and local progressive taxation: Empirical evidence from Switzerland. ''Journal of Public Economics'', ''90''(3), 429-458. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2005.09.003]
Schmidheiny K. (2006). Income segregation and local progressive taxation: Empirical evidence from Switzerland. ''Journal of Public Economics'', ''90''(3), 429-458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2005.09.003


Hodler R., Schmidheiny K. (2006) How fiscal decentralization flattens progressive taxes. ''FinanzArchiv'', ''62''(2), 281-304. [https://doi.org/10.1628/001522106X120695]
Hodler R., Schmidheiny K. (2006). How fiscal decentralization flattens progressive taxes. ''FinanzArchiv'', ''62''(2), 281-304. https://doi.org/10.1628/001522106X120695


Reardon S.F., Yun J.T., Kurlaender M. (2006) Implications of income based school assignment policies for racial school segregation. ''Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis'', ''28''(1), 49-75. [https://doi.org/10.3102/01623737028001049]
Reardon S.F., Yun J.T., Kurlaender M. (2006). Implications of income based school assignment policies for racial school segregation. ''Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis'', ''28''(1), 49-75. https://doi.org/10.3102/01623737028001049


Dawkins C.J. (2007) Space and the measurement of income segregation. ''Journal of Regional Science'', ''47''(2), 255-272. Blackwell Publishing Inc..[https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9787.2007.00508.x]
Dawkins C.J. (2007). Space and the measurement of income segregation. ''Journal of Regional Science'', ''47''(2), 255-272. Blackwell Publishing Inc..https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9787.2007.00508.x


Galbraith J.K., Hale J.T. (2008) State income inequality and presidential election turnout and outcomes. ''Social Science Quarterly'', ''89''(4), 887-901. [https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6237.2008.00589.x]
Galbraith J.K., Hale J.T. (2008). State income inequality and presidential election turnout and outcomes. ''Social Science Quarterly'', ''89''(4), 887-901. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6237.2008.00589.x


Oreopoulos P. (2008) Neighbourhood effects in Canada: A critique. ''Canadian Public Policy'', ''34''(2), 237-258. [https://doi.org/10.3138/cpp.34.2.237]
Oreopoulos P. (2008). Neighbourhood effects in Canada: A critique. ''Canadian Public Policy'', ''34''(2), 237-258. https://doi.org/10.3138/cpp.34.2.237


Wood G., Berry M., Taylor E., Nygaard C. (2008) Community mix, affordable housing and metropolitan planning strategy in Melbourne. ''Built Environment'', ''34''(3), 273-290. [https://doi.org/10.2148/benv.34.3.273]
Wood G., Berry M., Taylor E., Nygaard C. (2008). Community mix, affordable housing and metropolitan planning strategy in Melbourne. ''Built Environment'', ''34''(3), 273-290. https://doi.org/10.2148/benv.34.3.273


Watson T. (2009) Inequality and the measurement of residential segregation by income in american neighborhoods. ''Review of Income and Wealth'', ''55''(3), 820-844. [https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.2009.00346.x]
Watson T. (2009). Inequality and the measurement of residential segregation by income in american neighborhoods. ''Review of Income and Wealth'', ''55''(3), 820-844. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.2009.00346.x


Watson T. (2009) Inequality and the measurement of residential segregation by income in american neighborhoods. ''Review of Income and Wealth'', ''55''(3), 820-844. [https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.2009.00346.x]
Watson T. (2009). Inequality and the measurement of residential segregation by income in american neighborhoods. ''Review of Income and Wealth'', ''55''(3), 820-844. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.2009.00346.x


Dawkins C.J. (2009) Exploring changes in the spatial pattern of income segregation during the 1990s. ''Research on Economic Inequality'', ''17''(), 159-170. [https://doi.org/10.1108/S1049-2585(2009)0000017012]
Dawkins C.J. (2009). Exploring changes in the spatial pattern of income segregation during the 1990s. ''Research on Economic Inequality'', ''17''(), 159-170. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1049-2585(2009)0000017012


Freeman L. (2009) Neighbourhood diversity, metropolitan segregation and gentrification: What are the links in the US?. ''Urban Studies'', ''46''(10), 2079-2101. [https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098009339426]
Freeman L. (2009). Neighbourhood diversity, metropolitan segregation and gentrification: What are the links in the US?. ''Urban Studies'', ''46''(10), 2079-2101. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098009339426


Downes T. (2009) School Finance Reform. ''International Encyclopedia of Education, Third Edition'', 216-221. Elsevier.[https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-044894-7.01242-2]
Downes T. (2009). School Finance Reform. ''International Encyclopedia of Education, Third Edition'', 216-221. Elsevier.https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-044894-7.01242-2


Downes T. (2010) School finance reform. ''International Encyclopedia of Education'', 216-221. Elsevier Ltd.[https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-044894-7.01242-2]
Downes T. (2010). School finance reform. ''International Encyclopedia of Education'', 216-221. Elsevier Ltd.https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-044894-7.01242-2


Rothwell J.T., Massey D.S. (2010) Density zoning and class segregation in U.S. metropolitan areas. ''Social Science Quarterly'', ''91''(5), 1123-1143. [https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6237.2010.00724.x]
Rothwell J.T., Massey D.S. (2010). Density zoning and class segregation in U.S. metropolitan areas. ''Social Science Quarterly'', ''91''(5), 1123-1143. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6237.2010.00724.x


Wu J. (2010) Economic fundamentals and urban suburban disparities. ''Journal of Regional Science'', ''50''(2), 570-591. [https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9787.2010.00665.x]
Wu J. (2010). Economic fundamentals and urban suburban disparities. ''Journal of Regional Science'', ''50''(2), 570-591. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9787.2010.00665.x


Schaltegger C.A., Somogyi F., Sturm J.-E. (2011) Tax competition and income sorting: Evidence from the Zurich metropolitan area. ''European Journal of Political Economy'', ''27''(3), 455-470. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2011.01.004]
Schaltegger C.A., Somogyi F., Sturm J.-E. (2011). Tax competition and income sorting: Evidence from the Zurich metropolitan area. ''European Journal of Political Economy'', ''27''(3), 455-470. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2011.01.004


Finney M.M., Goetzke F., Yoon M.J. (2011) Income sorting and the demand for clean air: Evidence from southern California. ''Land Economics'', ''87''(1), 19-27. University of Wisconsin Press.[https://doi.org/10.3368/le.87.1.19]
Finney M.M., Goetzke F., Yoon M.J. (2011). Income sorting and the demand for clean air: Evidence from southern California. ''Land Economics'', ''87''(1), 19-27. University of Wisconsin Press.https://doi.org/10.3368/le.87.1.19


Rey S.J., Folch D.C. (2011) Impact of spatial effects on income segregation indices. ''Computers, Environment and Urban Systems'', ''35''(6), 431-441. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2011.07.008]
Rey S.J., Folch D.C. (2011). Impact of spatial effects on income segregation indices. ''Computers, Environment and Urban Systems'', ''35''(6), 431-441. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2011.07.008


Reardon S.F., Bischoff K. (2011) Income inequality and income segregation. ''American Journal of Sociology'', ''116''(4), 1092-1153. [https://doi.org/10.1086/657114]
Reardon S.F., Bischoff K. (2011). Income inequality and income segregation. ''American Journal of Sociology'', ''116''(4), 1092-1153. https://doi.org/10.1086/657114


Bayer P., McMillan R. (2012) Tiebout sorting and neighborhood stratification. ''Journal of Public Economics'', ''96''(11-12), 1129-1143. Elsevier B.V..[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2012.02.006]
Bayer P., McMillan R. (2012). Tiebout sorting and neighborhood stratification. ''Journal of Public Economics'', ''96''(11-12), 1129-1143. Elsevier B.V..https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2012.02.006


Quillian L. (2012) Segregation and Poverty Concentration: The Role of Three Segregations. ''American Sociological Review'', ''77''(3), 354-379. [https://doi.org/10.1177/0003122412447793]
Quillian L. (2012). Segregation and Poverty Concentration: The Role of Three Segregations. ''American Sociological Review'', ''77''(3), 354-379. https://doi.org/10.1177/0003122412447793


Gauvin L., Vignes A., Nadal J.-P. (2013) Modeling urban housing market dynamics: Can the socio spatial segregation preserve some social diversity?. ''Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control'', ''37''(7), 1300-1321. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jedc.2013.03.001]
Gauvin L., Vignes A., Nadal J.-P. (2013). Modeling urban housing market dynamics: Can the socio spatial segregation preserve some social diversity?. ''Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control'', ''37''(7), 1300-1321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jedc.2013.03.001


Gauvin L., Vignes A., Nadal J.-P. (2013) Modeling urban housing market dynamics: Can the socio spatial segregation preserve some social diversity?. ''Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control'', ''37''(7), 1300-1321. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jedc.2013.03.001]
Gauvin L., Vignes A., Nadal J.-P. (2013). Modeling urban housing market dynamics: Can the socio spatial segregation preserve some social diversity?. ''Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control'', ''37''(7), 1300-1321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jedc.2013.03.001


Meltzer R. (2013) Do Homeowners Associations Affect Citywide Segregation? Evidence From Florida Municipalities. ''Housing Policy Debate'', ''23''(4), 688-713. [https://doi.org/10.1080/10511482.2013.812571]
Meltzer R. (2013). Do Homeowners Associations Affect Citywide Segregation? Evidence From Florida Municipalities. ''Housing Policy Debate'', ''23''(4), 688-713. https://doi.org/10.1080/10511482.2013.812571


Enström Öst C., Söderberg B., Wilhelmsson M. (2014) Household allocation and spatial distribution in a market under ("soft") rent control. ''Journal of Policy Modeling'', ''36''(2), 353-372. Elsevier.[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpolmod.2014.01.002]
Enström Öst C., Söderberg B., Wilhelmsson M. (2014). Household allocation and spatial distribution in a market under ("soft") rent control. ''Journal of Policy Modeling'', ''36''(2), 353-372. Elsevier.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpolmod.2014.01.002


Walks A. (2014) From Financialization to Sociospatial Polarization of the City? Evidence from Canada. ''Economic Geography'', ''90''(1), 33-66. [https://doi.org/10.1111/ecge.12024]
Walks A. (2014). From Financialization to Sociospatial Polarization of the City? Evidence from Canada. ''Economic Geography'', ''90''(1), 33-66. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecge.12024


De Fraja G., Martínez-Mora F. (2014) The desegregating effect of school tracking. ''Journal of Urban Economics'', ''80''(), 164-177. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jue.2014.01.001]
De Fraja G., Martínez-Mora F. (2014). The desegregating effect of school tracking. ''Journal of Urban Economics'', ''80''(), 164-177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jue.2014.01.001


De Fraja G., Martínez-Mora F. (2014) The desegregating effect of school tracking. ''Journal of Urban Economics'', ''80''(), 164-177. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jue.2014.01.001]
De Fraja G., Martínez-Mora F. (2014). The desegregating effect of school tracking. ''Journal of Urban Economics'', ''80''(), 164-177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jue.2014.01.001


Modai-Snir T., Plaut P.O. (2015) Intra metropolitan residential mobility and income sorting trends. ''Letters in Spatial and Resource Sciences'', ''8''(3), 291-305. Springer Verlag.[https://doi.org/10.1007/s12076-014-0133-z]
Modai-Snir T., Plaut P.O. (2015). Intra metropolitan residential mobility and income sorting trends. ''Letters in Spatial and Resource Sciences'', ''8''(3), 291-305. Springer Verlag.https://doi.org/10.1007/s12076-014-0133-z


Musterd S., Van Gent W. (2015) Changing welfare context and income segregation in Amsterdam and its metropolitan area. ''Socio-Economic Segregation in European Capital Cities: East Meets West'', 55-79. Taylor and Francis Inc..[https://doi.org/]
Musterd S., Van Gent W. (2015). Changing welfare context and income segregation in Amsterdam and its metropolitan area. ''Socio-Economic Segregation in European Capital Cities: East Meets West'', 55-79. Taylor and Francis Inc..https://doi.org/


Owens A. (2015) Assisted Housing and Income Segregation among Neighborhoods in U.S. Metropolitan Areas. ''Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science'', ''660''(1), 98-116. SAGE Publications Inc..[https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716215576106]
Owens A. (2015). Assisted Housing and Income Segregation among Neighborhoods in U.S. Metropolitan Areas. ''Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science'', ''660''(1), 98-116. SAGE Publications Inc..https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716215576106


Yang Y., Auchincloss A.H., Rodriguez D.A., Brown D.G., Riolo R., Diez-Roux A.V. (2015) Modeling spatial segregation and travel cost influences on utilitarian walking: Towards policy intervention. ''Computers, Environment and Urban Systems'', ''51''(), 59-69. Elsevier Ltd.[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2015.01.007]
Yang Y., Auchincloss A.H., Rodriguez D.A., Brown D.G., Riolo R., Diez-Roux A.V. (2015). Modeling spatial segregation and travel cost influences on utilitarian walking: Towards policy intervention. ''Computers, Environment and Urban Systems'', ''51''(), 59-69. Elsevier Ltd.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2015.01.007


Williamson P. (2016) Small Area Incomes: Their Spatial Variability and the Relative Efficacy of Proxy, Geodemographic, Imputed and Model Based Estimates. ''Applied Spatial Analysis and Policy'', ''9''(4), 463-489. Springer Netherlands.[https://doi.org/10.1007/s12061-015-9163-1]
Williamson P. (2016). Small Area Incomes: Their Spatial Variability and the Relative Efficacy of Proxy, Geodemographic, Imputed and Model Based Estimates. ''Applied Spatial Analysis and Policy'', ''9''(4), 463-489. Springer Netherlands.https://doi.org/10.1007/s12061-015-9163-1


Andersson R., Hedman L. (2016) Economic decline and residential segregation: a Swedish study with focus on Malmö. ''Urban Geography'', ''37''(5), 748-768. Routledge.[https://doi.org/10.1080/02723638.2015.1133993]
Andersson R., Hedman L. (2016). Economic decline and residential segregation: a Swedish study with focus on Malmö. ''Urban Geography'', ''37''(5), 748-768. Routledge.https://doi.org/10.1080/02723638.2015.1133993


Owens A., Reardon S.F., Jencks C. (2016) Income Segregation Between Schools and School Districts. ''American Educational Research Journal'', ''53''(4), 1159-1197. SAGE Publications Inc..[https://doi.org/10.3102/0002831216652722]
Owens A., Reardon S.F., Jencks C. (2016). Income Segregation Between Schools and School Districts. ''American Educational Research Journal'', ''53''(4), 1159-1197. SAGE Publications Inc..https://doi.org/10.3102/0002831216652722


Owens A., Reardon S.F., Jencks C. (2016) Income Segregation Between Schools and School Districts. ''American Educational Research Journal'', ''53''(4), 1159-1197. SAGE Publications Inc..[https://doi.org/10.3102/0002831216652722]
Owens A., Reardon S.F., Jencks C. (2016). Income Segregation Between Schools and School Districts. ''American Educational Research Journal'', ''53''(4), 1159-1197. SAGE Publications Inc..https://doi.org/10.3102/0002831216652722


Quillian L., Lagrange H. (2016) Socioeconomic Segregation in Large Cities in France and the United States. ''Demography'', ''53''(4), 1051-1084. Springer Science and Business Media, LLC.[https://doi.org/10.1007/s13524-016-0491-9]
Quillian L., Lagrange H. (2016). Socioeconomic Segregation in Large Cities in France and the United States. ''Demography'', ''53''(4), 1051-1084. Springer Science and Business Media, LLC.https://doi.org/10.1007/s13524-016-0491-9


Agostini C.A., Hojman D., Román A., Valenzuela L. (2016) Income residential segregation in Greater Santiago, 1992 2002: A robust estimation; [Segregación residencial de ingresos en el Gran Santiago, 1992 2002: Una estimación robusta]. ''Eure'', ''42''(127), 159-184. Revista de Geografia Norte Grande.[https://doi.org/10.4067/S0250-71612016000300007]
Agostini C.A., Hojman D., Román A., Valenzuela L. (2016). Income residential segregation in Greater Santiago, 1992 2002: A robust estimation; [Segregación residencial de ingresos en el Gran Santiago, 1992 2002: Una estimación robusta]. ''Eure'', ''42''(127), 159-184. Revista de Geografia Norte Grande.https://doi.org/10.4067/S0250-71612016000300007


Owens A. (2016) Inequality in Children’s Contexts: Income Segregation of Households with and without Children. ''American Sociological Review'', ''81''(3), 549-574. American Sociological Association.[https://doi.org/10.1177/0003122416642430]
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Revision as of 11:31, 16 April 2024

Date and country of first publication[1]

1984
United States

Definition

Income segregation refers to the division of communities or neighborhoods based on income levels. This can manifest in various ways, such as gated communities for higher income households, or low-income housing projects that isolate lower-income individuals from the rest of the community. Income segregation can have negative consequences, such as limiting opportunities for social mobility and exacerbating income inequality. It can also lead to social isolation and perpetuate stereotypes and misconceptions about people of different income levels. Efforts to address income segregation may involve policies aimed at promoting mixed-income housing developments, improving access to affordable housing, and increasing economic opportunities for all residents.

See also

References

Notes

  1. Date and country of first publication as informed by the Scopus database (December 2023).
At its current state, this definition has been generated by a Large Language Model (LLM) so far without review by an independent researcher or a member of the curating team of segregation experts that keep the Segregation Wiki online. While we strive for accuracy, we cannot guarantee its reliability, completeness and timeliness. Please use this content with caution and verify information as needed. Also, feel free to improve on the definition as you see fit, including the use of references and other informational resources. We value your input in enhancing the quality and accuracy of the definitions of segregation forms collectively offered in the Segregation Wiki ©.

Income Segregation appears on the following literature

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