Forced segregation: Difference between revisions

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====== Date and country of first publication<ref>Date and country of first publication as informed by the Scopus database (December 2023).</ref>======
2003<br>
2003<br>
south africa
South africa
====== Definition ======
{{NoteAI}}


Forced segregation refers to the governmental or institutional policy of separating different racial or ethnic groups, often based on criteria such as skin color or national origin. This practice has been used historically to establish and maintain racial hierarchy and control, particularly in the context of racism and discrimination against minority groups. Forced segregation can manifest in various forms, such as separate schools, housing, public facilities, transportation, and communities for different racial or ethnic groups. It has been a significant issue in many countries, particularly during periods of heightened racial tension and social inequality. Examples of forced segregation include apartheid in South Africa, the Jim Crow laws in the United States, and the Indian residential school system in Canada.
Forced segregation refers to the governmental or institutional policy of separating different racial or ethnic groups, often based on criteria such as skin color or national origin. This practice has been used historically to establish and maintain racial hierarchy and control, particularly in the context of racism and discrimination against minority groups. Forced segregation can manifest in various forms, such as separate schools, housing, public facilities, transportation, and communities for different racial or ethnic groups. It has been a significant issue in many countries, particularly during periods of heightened racial tension and social inequality. Examples of forced segregation include apartheid in South Africa, the Jim Crow laws in the United States, and the Indian residential school system in Canada.
==See also==  
==See also==  
==References==  
==References==  
==Notes==
<references />
==Further reading==  
==Further reading==  


Wilson R.; Faramelli A. (2022) "Spaces of Refuge: The Clinical Practice of Félix Guattari and Institutional Psychotherapy", Deleuze and Guattari Studies, 16(4), pp. 623-641. Edinburgh University Press. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85141810499&doi=10.3366%2fdlgs.2022.0497&partnerID=40&md5=aaf53718cb08f371137b7c6084aa08b9 10.3366/dlgs.2022.0497]
DEUTSCHER M.; CHEIN I. (1948) "The psychological effects of enforced segregation; a survey of social science opinion", The Journal of psychology, 26(), pp. 259-287. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1080/00223980.1948.9917408 10.1080/00223980.1948.9917408]


Williams J.R. (2020) "A working woman’s eye: Anne Fischer and the South African photography of Weimar women in exile", Women and Photography in Africa: Creative Practices and Feminist Challenges, 23-44. Taylor and Francis. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85096259990&doi=10.4324%2f9781003087410-3&partnerID=40&md5=d4f4a13d0ce08291248a7fc2d0afc078 10.4324/9781003087410-3]
Swartz L. (1985) "Issues for cross cultural psychiatric research in South Africa", Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry, 9(1), pp. 59-74. Kluwer Academic Publishers. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1007/BF00048537 10.1007/BF00048537]


Paces C. (2009) "Prague panoramas: National memory and sacred space in the twentieth century", Prague Panoramas: National Memory and Sacred Space in the Twentieth Century, 1-309. University of Pittsburgh Press. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84898122934&partnerID=40&md5=424d35483fbd03b612f58da972b3a535 ]
Maharaj B. (2003) "‘Co operation…consultation and consent’: The failure of voluntary residential segregation in durban (1920 1945)", South African Geographical Journal, 85(2), pp. 134-143. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1080/03736245.2003.9713793 10.1080/03736245.2003.9713793]


McLaren K. (2004) ""We had no desire to be set apart": Forced segregation of black students in Canada west public schools and myths of british egalitarianism", Histoire Sociale, 37(73), pp. 27-50. . DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-13344282720&partnerID=40&md5=7f0185adcc814b23970cbd2adecaf333 ]
McLaren K. (2004) ""We had no desire to be set apart": Forced segregation of black students in Canada west public schools and myths of british egalitarianism", Histoire Sociale, 37(73), pp. 27-50. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/ ]


Swartz L. (1985) "Issues for cross cultural psychiatric research in South Africa", Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry, 9(1), pp. 59-74. Kluwer Academic Publishers. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0022035780&doi=10.1007%2fBF00048537&partnerID=40&md5=c59eb31c9847333c22dbd6a43a45b7a2 10.1007/BF00048537]
Potter C.; Tilzey M. (2005) "Agricultural policy discourses in the European post Fordist transition: Neoliberalism, neomercantilism and multifunctionality", Progress in Human Geography, 29(5), pp. 581-600. Arnold. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1191/0309132505ph569oa 10.1191/0309132505ph569oa]


Rohleder P.; Swartz L.; Carolissen R.; Bozalek V.; Leibowitz B. (2008) ""Communities isn't just about trees and shops": Students from two South African Universities engage in dialogue about 'community' and 'community work'", Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology, 18(3), pp. 253-267. . DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-51449113065&doi=10.1002%2fcasp.918&partnerID=40&md5=c43adbc1155451ca6c1a2bc43159e8d6 10.1002/casp.918]
Carroll B. (2006) "From fraternity to fracture: Black press coverage of and involvement in negro league baseball in the 1920s", American Journalism, 23(2), pp. 69-95. Bellwether Publishing, Ltd.. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1080/08821127.2006.10678011 10.1080/08821127.2006.10678011]


DEUTSCHER M.; CHEIN I. (1948) "The psychological effects of enforced segregation; a survey of social science opinion", The Journal of psychology, 26(), pp. 259-287. . DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0012868045&doi=10.1080%2f00223980.1948.9917408&partnerID=40&md5=9a9c4f68c89a2260d117da16a19323de 10.1080/00223980.1948.9917408]
Rohleder P.; Swartz L.; Carolissen R.; Bozalek V.; Leibowitz B. (2008) ""Communities isn't just about trees and shops": Students from two South African Universities engage in dialogue about 'community' and 'community work'", Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology, 18(3), pp. 253-267. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1002/casp.918 10.1002/casp.918]


Espinosa-Aquino B.; Gabarrell Durany X.; Quirós Vargas R. (2023) "The Role of Informal Waste Management in Urban Metabolism: A Review of Eight Latin American Countries", Sustainability (Switzerland), 15(3), pp. -. MDPI. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85148014670&doi=10.3390%2fsu15031826&partnerID=40&md5=b9031fb9384606785cddfb904b4dc612 10.3390/su15031826]
Paces C. (2009) "Prague panoramas: National memory and sacred space in the twentieth century", Prague Panoramas: National Memory and Sacred Space in the Twentieth Century, 1-309. University of Pittsburgh Press. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/ ]


Ngoc Yen L.H. (2018) "The Nuns of Lepers: Compassion, Discipline and Surrogate Parenthood in a Former Leper Colony of Vietnam", Asia Pacific Journal of Anthropology, 19(4), pp. 350-366. Routledge. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85048074153&doi=10.1080%2f14442213.2018.1480652&partnerID=40&md5=6692dc666f7927a3a4c830af7c3c8c3e 10.1080/14442213.2018.1480652]
Ibrahim I. (2010) "Emigration patterns among palestinian women in Israel", Displaced at Home: Ethnicity and Gender among Palestinians in Israel, 207-222. State University of New York Press. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/ ]


Feder J. (2012) "Affirmative action in employment: A legal overview*", Affirmative Action and Preferential Treatment: Laws and Developments, 57-79. Nova Science Publishers, Inc.. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84892072665&partnerID=40&md5=06e8bfe19ee058d0010c386d6a6fd9eb ]
Lemon A. (2011) "Residential Segregation: Apartheid", International Encyclopedia of Housing and Home, 111-120. Elsevier. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-047163-1.00088-6 10.1016/B978-0-08-047163-1.00088-6]


Lemon A. (2012) "Residential segregation. Apartheid", International Encyclopedia of Housing and Home, 111-120. Elsevier. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84884447880&doi=10.1016%2fB978-0-08-047163-1.00088-6&partnerID=40&md5=e23023da29361b9f38e5609fd1b0e8ca 10.1016/B978-0-08-047163-1.00088-6]
Valencia R.R. (2011) "Segregation, desegregation, and integration of chicano students", Chicano School Failure and Success: Past, Present, and Future, 42-75. Taylor and Francis. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.4324/9780203835982-9 10.4324/9780203835982-9]


Lemon A. (2011) "Residential Segregation: Apartheid", International Encyclopedia of Housing and Home, 111-120. Elsevier. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85147071391&doi=10.1016%2fB978-0-08-047163-1.00088-6&partnerID=40&md5=58a0509ef2d60641305115cdc23d4ae4 10.1016/B978-0-08-047163-1.00088-6]
Feder J. (2012) "Affirmative action in employment: A legal overview*", Affirmative Action and Preferential Treatment: Laws and Developments, 57-79. Nova Science Publishers, Inc.. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/ ]


Valencia R.R. (2011) "Segregation, desegregation, and integration of chicano students", Chicano School Failure and Success: Past, Present, and Future, 42-75. Taylor and Francis. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85073860746&doi=10.4324%2f9780203835982-9&partnerID=40&md5=ed3adbcbce280fe0123f37381eb88b91 10.4324/9780203835982-9]
Lemon A. (2012) "Residential segregation. Apartheid", International Encyclopedia of Housing and Home, 111-120. Elsevier. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-047163-1.00088-6 10.1016/B978-0-08-047163-1.00088-6]


Ibrahim I. (2010) "Emigration patterns among palestinian women in Israel", Displaced at Home: Ethnicity and Gender among Palestinians in Israel, 207-222. State University of New York Press. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84899601876&partnerID=40&md5=ebabc21e97ce6ad6cf56e3b350835eb6 ]
Ngoc Yen L.H. (2018) "The Nuns of Lepers: Compassion, Discipline and Surrogate Parenthood in a Former Leper Colony of Vietnam", Asia Pacific Journal of Anthropology, 19(4), pp. 350-366. Routledge. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1080/14442213.2018.1480652 10.1080/14442213.2018.1480652]


Carroll B. (2006) "From fraternity to fracture: Black press coverage of and involvement in negro league baseball in the 1920s", American Journalism, 23(2), pp. 69-95. Bellwether Publishing, Ltd.. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84981523364&doi=10.1080%2f08821127.2006.10678011&partnerID=40&md5=805c50ad14c43bd845a8af424b05fc43 10.1080/08821127.2006.10678011]
Williams J.R. (2020) "A working woman’s eye: Anne Fischer and the South African photography of Weimar women in exile", Women and Photography in Africa: Creative Practices and Feminist Challenges, 23-44. Taylor and Francis. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.4324/9781003087410-3 10.4324/9781003087410-3]


Potter C.; Tilzey M. (2005) "Agricultural policy discourses in the European post Fordist transition: Neoliberalism, neomercantilism and multifunctionality", Progress in Human Geography, 29(5), pp. 581-600. Arnold. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-27144440475&doi=10.1191%2f0309132505ph569oa&partnerID=40&md5=760120407c174416fb40be589147438d 10.1191/0309132505ph569oa]
Wilson R.; Faramelli A. (2022) "Spaces of Refuge: The Clinical Practice of Félix Guattari and Institutional Psychotherapy", Deleuze and Guattari Studies, 16(4), pp. 623-641. Edinburgh University Press. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.3366/dlgs.2022.0497 10.3366/dlgs.2022.0497]


Maharaj B. (2003) "‘Co operation…consultation and consent’: The failure of voluntary residential segregation in durban (1920 1945)", South African Geographical Journal, 85(2), pp. 134-143. . DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0346276976&doi=10.1080%2f03736245.2003.9713793&partnerID=40&md5=eef46c6d64e6a578562d7f3fff6c1997 10.1080/03736245.2003.9713793]
Espinosa-Aquino B.; Gabarrell Durany X.; Quirós Vargas R. (2023) "The Role of Informal Waste Management in Urban Metabolism: A Review of Eight Latin American Countries", Sustainability (Switzerland), 15(3), pp. -. MDPI. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.3390/su15031826 10.3390/su15031826]

Revision as of 17:42, 8 April 2024

Date and country of first publication[1]

2003
South africa

Definition
At its current state, this definition has been generated by a Large Language Model (LLM) so far without review by an independent researcher or a member of the curating team of segregation experts that keep the Segregation Wiki online. While we strive for accuracy, we cannot guarantee its reliability, completeness and timeliness. Please use this content with caution and verify information as needed. Also, feel free to improve on the definition as you see fit, including the use of references and other informational resources. We value your input in enhancing the quality and accuracy of the definitions of segregation forms collectively offered in the Segregation Wiki ©.

Forced segregation refers to the governmental or institutional policy of separating different racial or ethnic groups, often based on criteria such as skin color or national origin. This practice has been used historically to establish and maintain racial hierarchy and control, particularly in the context of racism and discrimination against minority groups. Forced segregation can manifest in various forms, such as separate schools, housing, public facilities, transportation, and communities for different racial or ethnic groups. It has been a significant issue in many countries, particularly during periods of heightened racial tension and social inequality. Examples of forced segregation include apartheid in South Africa, the Jim Crow laws in the United States, and the Indian residential school system in Canada.

See also

References

Notes

  1. Date and country of first publication as informed by the Scopus database (December 2023).

Further reading

DEUTSCHER M.; CHEIN I. (1948) "The psychological effects of enforced segregation; a survey of social science opinion", The Journal of psychology, 26(), pp. 259-287. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1080/00223980.1948.9917408 10.1080/00223980.1948.9917408]

Swartz L. (1985) "Issues for cross cultural psychiatric research in South Africa", Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry, 9(1), pp. 59-74. Kluwer Academic Publishers. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1007/BF00048537 10.1007/BF00048537]

Maharaj B. (2003) "‘Co operation…consultation and consent’: The failure of voluntary residential segregation in durban (1920 1945)", South African Geographical Journal, 85(2), pp. 134-143. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1080/03736245.2003.9713793 10.1080/03736245.2003.9713793]

McLaren K. (2004) ""We had no desire to be set apart": Forced segregation of black students in Canada west public schools and myths of british egalitarianism", Histoire Sociale, 37(73), pp. 27-50. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/ ]

Potter C.; Tilzey M. (2005) "Agricultural policy discourses in the European post Fordist transition: Neoliberalism, neomercantilism and multifunctionality", Progress in Human Geography, 29(5), pp. 581-600. Arnold. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1191/0309132505ph569oa 10.1191/0309132505ph569oa]

Carroll B. (2006) "From fraternity to fracture: Black press coverage of and involvement in negro league baseball in the 1920s", American Journalism, 23(2), pp. 69-95. Bellwether Publishing, Ltd.. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1080/08821127.2006.10678011 10.1080/08821127.2006.10678011]

Rohleder P.; Swartz L.; Carolissen R.; Bozalek V.; Leibowitz B. (2008) ""Communities isn't just about trees and shops": Students from two South African Universities engage in dialogue about 'community' and 'community work'", Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology, 18(3), pp. 253-267. . DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1002/casp.918 10.1002/casp.918]

Paces C. (2009) "Prague panoramas: National memory and sacred space in the twentieth century", Prague Panoramas: National Memory and Sacred Space in the Twentieth Century, 1-309. University of Pittsburgh Press. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/ ]

Ibrahim I. (2010) "Emigration patterns among palestinian women in Israel", Displaced at Home: Ethnicity and Gender among Palestinians in Israel, 207-222. State University of New York Press. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/ ]

Lemon A. (2011) "Residential Segregation: Apartheid", International Encyclopedia of Housing and Home, 111-120. Elsevier. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-047163-1.00088-6 10.1016/B978-0-08-047163-1.00088-6]

Valencia R.R. (2011) "Segregation, desegregation, and integration of chicano students", Chicano School Failure and Success: Past, Present, and Future, 42-75. Taylor and Francis. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.4324/9780203835982-9 10.4324/9780203835982-9]

Feder J. (2012) "Affirmative action in employment: A legal overview*", Affirmative Action and Preferential Treatment: Laws and Developments, 57-79. Nova Science Publishers, Inc.. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/ ]

Lemon A. (2012) "Residential segregation. Apartheid", International Encyclopedia of Housing and Home, 111-120. Elsevier. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-047163-1.00088-6 10.1016/B978-0-08-047163-1.00088-6]

Ngoc Yen L.H. (2018) "The Nuns of Lepers: Compassion, Discipline and Surrogate Parenthood in a Former Leper Colony of Vietnam", Asia Pacific Journal of Anthropology, 19(4), pp. 350-366. Routledge. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.1080/14442213.2018.1480652 10.1080/14442213.2018.1480652]

Williams J.R. (2020) "A working woman’s eye: Anne Fischer and the South African photography of Weimar women in exile", Women and Photography in Africa: Creative Practices and Feminist Challenges, 23-44. Taylor and Francis. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.4324/9781003087410-3 10.4324/9781003087410-3]

Wilson R.; Faramelli A. (2022) "Spaces of Refuge: The Clinical Practice of Félix Guattari and Institutional Psychotherapy", Deleuze and Guattari Studies, 16(4), pp. 623-641. Edinburgh University Press. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.3366/dlgs.2022.0497 10.3366/dlgs.2022.0497]

Espinosa-Aquino B.; Gabarrell Durany X.; Quirós Vargas R. (2023) "The Role of Informal Waste Management in Urban Metabolism: A Review of Eight Latin American Countries", Sustainability (Switzerland), 15(3), pp. -. MDPI. DOI: [htttp://doi.org/10.3390/su15031826 10.3390/su15031826]