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| | ===== Date and country of first publication<ref>Date and country of first publication as informed by the Scopus database (December 2023).</ref>===== |
| 1999<br> | | 1999<br> |
| Brazil | | Brazil |
| | ===== Definition ===== |
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| Segregation has been one of the most persistent features of urban life and, accordingly, one of the main subjects of enquiry in urban studies. Stemming from a tradition that can be traced back to the Chicago School in the early twentieth century, social segregation has been seen as the natural consequence of the social division of space. Such naturalized understanding of segregation as ‘territorial segregation’ takes space as a surrogate for social distance.
| | Dynamic segregation refers to the phenomenon where individuals within a group or society voluntarily separate or group themselves based on various characteristics such as race, gender, socio-economic status, or religion. This can occur in various settings such as schools, neighborhoods, workplaces, or social events. |
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| Netto et al. (1999; 2001; 2015, 2018) proposed a shift in the focus from the [[static segregation]] of places––
| | Dynamic segregation can be influenced by personal preferences, cultural norms, prejudices, or lack of opportunities for integration. It can have both positive and negative impacts, as it can create a sense of belonging and community for some individuals while also perpetuating stereotypes, discrimination, and inequality. |
| where social distance is assumed rather than fully explained––to how social segregation is experienced and reproduced through embodied urban trajectories.
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| They accomplished this by mapping the spatial behaviour of different social groups as networks of movement that constitute opportunities for co-presence.
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| This alternative view recasts the original idea of segregation as ‘restrictions on interaction’ by concentrating on the spatiality of segregation potentially
| | Efforts to address dynamic segregation may involve promoting diversity and inclusion, creating opportunities for social mixing, challenging stereotypes and biases, and fostering a sense of unity and commonality among different groups. By actively working to break down barriers and increase interactions between diverse individuals, dynamic segregation can be reduced and a more inclusive society can be achieved. |
| active in the circumstances of social contact and encounters in the city.
| | ==See also== |
| This approach to segregation as a subtle process that operates ultimately through trajectories of the body is illustrated by empirical studies in Brazilian cities (Netto et al. 2015; 2018).
| | ==Related segregation forms== |
| | Dynamic segregation is frequently discussed in the literature with the following segregation forms: |
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| The epistemological change in the view of segregation as a phenomenon operating through and over the individual, their body, actions and experience was paralleled by the attention to activity-space segregation introduced by Schnell and Yoav (1999; 2001). They proposed an approach to individual agents with respect to the spaces in which they perform their everyday lives: home, cluster of neighbouring homes, neighbourhood and city in the spatial context and friends, work and leisure activities in the social context of agents’ everyday life actions as they are actually performed in their everyday time-spaces.
| | [[racial segregation]] |
| | [[File:dynamic_segregation.png|780x780px]] |
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| Since then, many authors and approaches have come to focus on this highly dynamic form of segregation experienced by individuals:
| | This visualization is based on the study [[Segregation_Wiki:About| The Multidisciplinary Landscape of Segregation Research]]. |
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| Dynamic segregation (Netto et al., 1999, 2001)
| | For the complete network of interrelated segregation forms, please refer to: |
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| [[Dynamic spatiotemporal segregation]] (Shen and Luo, 2023) | | * [https://tinyurl.com/2235lkhw First year of publication] |
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| Spatiotemporal segregation (Liu et al., 2021; Shen and Luo, 2023)
| | * [https://tinyurl.com/2d8wg5n3 Louvain clusters] |
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| Segregation in urban trajectories (Netto et al., 2015, 2017, 2018)
| | * [https://tinyurl.com/223udk5r Betweenness centrality] |
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| Activity-space segregation (e.g. Schnell and Yoav, 1999; 2001; Aksyonov, 2011; Browning et al. 2017; ; Holton, 2017; Dixon et al. 2020; Järv et al., 2021; Müürisepp et al., 2022)
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| Activity space-based segregation (e.g. Na et al., 2021)
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| The time-geography of segregation (Netto et al., 2018; Dixon et al., 2022)
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| Temporal segregation (e.g. Silm and Ahas, 2014)
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| Experienced segregation (Athey et al., 2020; 2021)
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| Individual segregation
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| Individual-level segregation
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| Individual segregation experience
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| Transport segregation
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| Exposure segregation
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| Mobility segregation
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| Mobility-based segregation
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| <under construction>
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| ==See also==
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| Segregation in urban trajectories, [[Activity space segregation]], [[Spatiotemporal segregation]], [[Temporal segregation]], [[Experienced segregation]], Individual-level segregation, [[Individual segregation]] experience, [[Transport segregation]], [[Mobility segregation]], Exposure segregation
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| ==References==
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| Netto, V. M., & Krafta, R. (1999). Segregação dinâmica urbana: modelagem e mensuração. [Urban dynamic segregation: modelling and measurement]. ''Revista brasileira de estudos urbanos e regionais''. "1"(1), 133-152. https://doi.org/10.22296/2317-1529.1999n1p133
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| Schnell, I., & Yoav, B. (1999). Socio-spatial lifestyles and segregation. Cybergeo: European Journal of Geography. https://doi.org/10.4000/cybergeo.4856
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| Netto, V. M., & Krafta, R. (2001, May). Socio-spatial networks: [[social segregation]] as a real-time phenomenon. In ''Proceedings of the III International Space Syntax Symposium'', Atlanta 2001. https://bit.ly/4aBsQig
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| Schnell, I., & Yoav, B. (2001). The sociospatial isolation of agents in everyday life spaces as an aspect of segregation. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 91(4), 622-636. https://doi.org/10.1111/0004-5608.00262
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| Atkinson, R. & Flint, J. (2004) Fortress UK? Gated communities, the
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| spatial revolt of the elites and time–space trajectories of segregation, Housing Studies, 19:6,
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| 875-892. https://doi.org/10.1080/0267303042000293982
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| | |
| Netto, V. M., Paschoalino, R., & Pinheiro, M. (2010). The urban condition of coexistence. ''Virus'', ''4''(1), 1-11. http://www.nomads.usp.br/virus/virus04/?sec=4&item=5&lang=en
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| Aksyonov, K. E. (2011). Social segregation of personal activity spaces in a posttransformation metropolis (case study of St. Petersburg). Regional Research of Russia, 1, 52-61. https://doi.org/10.1134/S2079970511010023
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| Farber, S., Páez, A., & Morency, C. (2012). Activity spaces and the measurement of clustering and exposure: A case study of linguistic groups in Montreal. Environment and Planning A, 44(2), 315-332. https://doi.org/10.1068/a44203
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| Netto, V. M., Soares, M. P., & Paschoalino, R. (2015). Segregated networks in the city. ''International Journal of Urban and Regional Research'', ''39''(6), 1084-1102. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2427.12346
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| Netto, V. M. (2017). ''The social fabric of cities''. New York: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.47235/rmu.v5i2.2
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| Kollmann T., Marsiglio S., Suardi S. (2018). [[Racial segregation]] in the United States since the Great Depression: A dynamic segregation approach. ''Journal of Housing Economics'', ''40''(), 95-116. Academic Press Inc. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhe.2018.03.004
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| Netto, V. M., Meirelles, J. V., Pinheiro, M., & Lorea, H. (2018). A temporal geography of encounters. ''CyberGeo: European Journal of Geography''. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/cybergeo.28985
| |
| | |
| ==Dynamic Segregation appears in the following literature==
| |
| | |
| Netto, V. M., & Krafta, R. (1999). Segregação dinâmica urbana: modelagem e mensuração. [Urban dynamic segregation: modelling and measurement]. ''Revista brasileira de estudos urbanos e regionais''. "1"(1), 133-152. https://doi.org/10.22296/2317-1529.1999n1p133
| |
| | |
| Schnell, I., & Yoav, B. (1999). Socio-spatial lifestyles and segregation. Cybergeo: European Journal of Geography. https://doi.org/10.4000/cybergeo.4856
| |
| | |
| Netto, V. M., & Krafta, R. (2001, May). Socio-spatial networks: [[social segregation]] as a real-time phenomenon. In ''Proceedings of the III International Space Syntax Symposium'', Atlanta 2001. https://bit.ly/4aBsQig
| |
| | |
| Schnell, I., & Yoav, B. (2001). The sociospatial isolation of agents in everyday life spaces as an aspect of segregation. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 91(4), 622-636. https://doi.org/10.1111/0004-5608.00262
| |
| | |
| Atkinson, R. & Flint, J. (2004) Fortress UK? Gated communities, the
| |
| spatial revolt of the elites and time–space trajectories of segregation, Housing Studies, 19:6,
| |
| 875-892. https://doi.org/10.1080/0267303042000293982
| |
| | |
| Netto, V. M., Paschoalino, R., & Pinheiro, M. (2010). The urban condition of coexistence. ''Virus'', ''4''(1), 1-11. http://www.nomads.usp.br/virus/virus04/?sec=4&item=5&lang=en
| |
| | |
| Aksyonov, K. E. (2011). Social segregation of personal activity spaces in a posttransformation metropolis (case study of St. Petersburg). Regional Research of Russia, 1, 52-61. https://doi.org/10.1134/S2079970511010023
| |
| | |
| Farber, S., Páez, A., & Morency, C. (2012). Activity spaces and the measurement of clustering and exposure: A case study of linguistic groups in Montreal. Environment and Planning A, 44(2), 315-332. https://doi.org/10.1068/a44203
| |
| | |
| Netto, V. M., Soares, M. P., & Paschoalino, R. (2015). Segregated networks in the city. ''International Journal of Urban and Regional Research'', ''39''(6), 1084-1102. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2427.12346
| |
| | |
| Netto, V. M. (2017). ''The social fabric of cities''. New York: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.47235/rmu.v5i2.2
| |
| | |
| Kollmann T., Marsiglio S., Suardi S. (2018). [[Racial segregation]] in the United States since the Great Depression: A dynamic segregation approach. ''Journal of Housing Economics'', ''40''(), 95-116. Academic Press Inc. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhe.2018.03.004
| |
| | |
| Netto, V. M., Meirelles, J. V., Pinheiro, M., & Lorea, H. (2018). A temporal geography of encounters. ''CyberGeo: European Journal of Geography''. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/cybergeo.28985
| |
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| | * [https://tinyurl.com/244d8unz Disciplines in which segregation forms first emerged (Scopus database).] |
| | ==References== |
| ==Notes== | | ==Notes== |
| {{NoteAI}} | | <references /> |
| | | {{NoteAI}} |
| ==Dynamic Segregation appears in the following literature== | | ==Dynamic segregation appears in the following literature== |
| | |
| Netto, V. M., & Krafta, R. (1999). Segregação dinâmica urbana: modelagem e mensuração. [Urban dynamic segregation: modelling and measurement]. ''Revista brasileira de estudos urbanos e regionais''. "1"(1), 133-152. https://doi.org/10.22296/2317-1529.1999n1p133
| |
| | |
| Schnell, I., & Yoav, B. (1999). Socio-spatial lifestyles and segregation. Cybergeo: European Journal of Geography. https://doi.org/10.4000/cybergeo.4856
| |
| | |
| Netto, V. M., & Krafta, R. (2001, May). Socio-spatial networks: [[social segregation]] as a real-time phenomenon. In ''Proceedings of the III International Space Syntax Symposium'', Atlanta 2001. https://bit.ly/4aBsQig
| |
| | |
| Schnell, I., & Yoav, B. (2001). The sociospatial isolation of agents in everyday life spaces as an aspect of segregation. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 91(4), 622-636. https://doi.org/10.1111/0004-5608.00262
| |
| | |
| Atkinson, R. & Flint, J. (2004) Fortress UK? Gated communities, the
| |
| spatial revolt of the elites and time–space trajectories of segregation, Housing Studies, 19:6,
| |
| 875-892. https://doi.org/10.1080/0267303042000293982
| |
| | |
| Netto, V. M., Paschoalino, R., & Pinheiro, M. (2010). The urban condition of coexistence. ''Virus'', ''4''(1), 1-11. http://www.nomads.usp.br/virus/virus04/?sec=4&item=5&lang=en
| |
| | |
| Aksyonov, K. E. (2011). Social segregation of personal activity spaces in a posttransformation metropolis (case study of St. Petersburg). Regional Research of Russia, 1, 52-61. https://doi.org/10.1134/S2079970511010023
| |
| | |
| Farber, S., Páez, A., & Morency, C. (2012). Activity spaces and the measurement of clustering and exposure: A case study of linguistic groups in Montreal. Environment and Planning A, 44(2), 315-332. https://doi.org/10.1068/a44203
| |
| | |
| Netto, V. M., Soares, M. P., & Paschoalino, R. (2015). Segregated networks in the city. ''International Journal of Urban and Regional Research'', ''39''(6), 1084-1102. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2427.12346
| |
| | |
| Netto, V. M. (2017). ''The social fabric of cities''. New York: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.47235/rmu.v5i2.2
| |
| | |
| Kollmann T., Marsiglio S., Suardi S. (2018). [[Racial segregation]] in the United States since the Great Depression: A dynamic segregation approach. ''Journal of Housing Economics'', ''40''(), 95-116. Academic Press Inc. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhe.2018.03.004
| |
|
| |
|
| Netto, V. M., Meirelles, J. V., Pinheiro, M., & Lorea, H. (2018). A temporal geography of encounters. ''CyberGeo: European Journal of Geography''. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/cybergeo.28985
| | Kollmann T., Marsiglio S., Suardi S. (2018). Racial segregation in the United States since the Great Depression: A dynamic segregation approach. ''Journal of Housing Economics'', ''40''(), 95-116. Academic Press Inc..https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhe.2018.03.004 |
