Administrative segregation: Difference between revisions

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===== Date and country of first publication<ref>Date and country of first publication as informed by the Scopus database (December 2023).</ref>=====
1982<br>
1982<br>
united states
United States
===== Definition =====


Administrative segregation, also known as ad seg, is a term used in correctional facilities to refer to the confinement of an inmate in a separate area or cell due to disciplinary or administrative reasons. In administrative segregation, inmates are isolated from the general prison population and are subjected to more restrictive conditions.
Administrative segregation, also known as ad seg, is a term used in correctional facilities to refer to the confinement of an inmate in a separate area or cell due to disciplinary or administrative reasons. In administrative segregation, inmates are isolated from the general prison population and are subjected to more restrictive conditions.
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==See also==  
==See also==  
==References==  
==References==  
==Further reading==  
==Notes==
<references />
{{NoteAI}}
==Administrative segregation appears in the following literature==  


Hilton N.Z.; Ham E.; Seto M.C. (2019) "Assessment of Risk for Seclusion Among Forensic Inpatients: Validation and Modification of the Risk of Administrative Segregation Tool (RAST)", International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 63(8), pp. 1424-1445. SAGE Publications Inc.. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85061208689&doi=10.1177%2f0306624X18823621&partnerID=40&md5=069959338ad084cffa37040749af1b44 10.1177/0306624X18823621]
Barak-Glantz I.L. (1982). A decade of disciplinary, administrative, and protective control of inmates in the Washington State Penitentiary: A research note. ''Journal of Criminal Justice'', ''10''(6), 481-492. https://doi.org/10.1016/0047-2352(82)90080-0


Harbert B.J.; Gaines C. (2019) "Sounding lockdown: Singing in Administrative Segregation at the Louisiana Correctional Institute for Women", Popular Music and the Politics of Hope: Queer and Feminist Interventions, 299-316. Taylor and Francis Inc.. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85065269358&doi=10.4324%2f9781315165677&partnerID=40&md5=c48f9a5248a99e7ddd2dae44962e0fd3 10.4324/9781315165677]
Ellis J. (1993). Securtiy officer’s role in reducing inmate problem behaviors: A program based on contingency management. ''Journal of Offender Rehabilitation'', ''20''(1-2), 61-72. https://doi.org/10.1300/J076v20n01_05


Garces C. (2014) "Denuding surveillance at the carceral boundary", South Atlantic Quarterly, 113(3), pp. 447-473. Duke University Press. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84905447272&doi=10.1215%2f00382876-2692146&partnerID=40&md5=5f775bfc2a89e79983910c9d3beed8d5 10.1215/00382876-2692146]
Pizarro J., Stenius V.M.K. (2004). Supermax Prisons: Their Rise, Current Practices, and Effect on Inmates. ''The Prison Journal'', ''84''(2), 248-264. https://doi.org/10.1177/0032885504265080


Lanes E.C. (2011) "Are the "worst of the worst" self injurious prisoners more likely to end up in long term maximum security administrative segregation?", International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 55(7), pp. 1034-1050. . DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80053597946&doi=10.1177%2f0306624X10378494&partnerID=40&md5=4ce29a837917c5b56cdf0e1bd8300bb9 10.1177/0306624X10378494]
Jackson M. (2006). The litmus test of legitimacy: Independent adjudication and administrative segregation. ''Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice'', ''48''(2), 157-196. https://doi.org/10.1353/ccj.2006.0018


Anonymous; Dombrowski K. (2010) "Re entry: A guide to success?", Dialectical Anthropology, 34(4), pp. 477-481. . DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78651446526&doi=10.1007%2fs10624-010-9167-9&partnerID=40&md5=264ae4b4f6252966e2561442dbedfba7 10.1007/s10624-010-9167-9]
O'keefe M.L. (2007). Administrative segregation for mentally ill inmates. ''Journal of Offender Rehabilitation'', ''45''(1-2), 149-165. Haworth Press Inc..https://doi.org/10.1300/J076v45n01_11


Dill D.C.; Kopsick D.A. (2014) "Improving cooperation between customs and environmental agencies to prevent illegal transboundary shipments of hazardous waste", World Customs Journal, 8(2), pp. 47-62. International Network of Customs Universities. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84930904950&partnerID=40&md5=6a73d6c5a06b56ddfbad60733e4387d8 ]
Toch H. (2008). Cumulative default: The cost of disruptive prison careers. ''Criminal Justice and Behavior'', ''35''(8), 943-955. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093854808318594


Scanlon F.; Lester M.E.; Brace T.; Batastini A.B.; Morgan R.D. (2022) "Tried and True? A Psychometric Evaluation of the Psychological Inventory of Criminal Thinking Styles Short Form", Assessment, -. SAGE Publications Inc.. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85141568519&doi=10.1177%2f10731911221132500&partnerID=40&md5=c6870f3f6546641e073ecf6bfc52ebda 10.1177/10731911221132500]
O'keefe M.L. (2008). Administrative Segregation From Within: A Corrections Perspective. ''The Prison Journal'', ''88''(1), 123-143. https://doi.org/10.1177/0032885507310999


Batastini A.B.; Lester M.E.; Morgan R.D.; Atterberry E. (2021) "Stepping Up, Stepping Out: A Program Description and Preliminary Findings", Psychological Services, 18(4), pp. 679-688. American Psychological Association. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85087084683&doi=10.1037%2fser0000430&partnerID=40&md5=cac1f38fc4936aca454926de58ececc7 10.1037/ser0000430]
Kupers T.A., Dronet T., Winter M., Austin J., Kelly L., Cartier W., Morris T.J., Hanlon S.F., Sparkman E.L., Kumar P., Vincent L.C., Norris J., Nagel K., Mcbride J. (2009). Beyond supermax administrative segregation: Mississippi's experience rethinking prison classification and creating alternative mental health programs. ''Criminal Justice and Behavior'', ''36''(10), 1037-1050. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093854809341938


Labrecque R.M.; Smith P. (2019) "Assessing the Impact of Time Spent in Restrictive Housing Confinement on Subsequent Measures of Institutional Adjustment Among Men in Prison", Criminal Justice and Behavior, 46(10), pp. 1445-1455. SAGE Publications Inc.. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85060733924&doi=10.1177%2f0093854818824371&partnerID=40&md5=2a49fa5d6ac3d6bb64deb2b27e2f85f5 10.1177/0093854818824371]
Lanes E. (2009). The association of administrative segregation placement and other risk factors with the self injury free time of male prisoners. ''Journal of Offender Rehabilitation'', ''48''(6), 529-546. https://doi.org/10.1080/10509670903081342


Chadick C.D.; Batastini A.B.; Levulis S.J.; Morgan R.D. (2018) "The psychological impact of solitary: A longitudinal comparison of general population and long term administratively segregated male inmates", Legal and Criminological Psychology, 23(2), pp. 101-116. John Wiley and Sons Ltd. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85051288316&doi=10.1111%2flcrp.12125&partnerID=40&md5=d470df608d0ca2965428f4222cf200d1 10.1111/lcrp.12125]
Anonymous, Dombrowski K. (201). Re entry: A guide to success?. ''Dialectical Anthropology'', ''34''(4), 477-481. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10624-010-9167-9


Helmus L.M.; Johnson S.; Harris A.J.R. (2019) "Developing and Validating a Tool to Predict Placements in Administrative Segregation: Predictive Accuracy With Inmates, Including Indigenous and Female Inmates", Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, -. American Psychological Association Inc.. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85067557810&doi=10.1037%2flaw0000201&partnerID=40&md5=ef8fbf84bff1fb1831757b98ca80b1e5 10.1037/law0000201]
Lanes E.C. (2011). Are the "worst of the worst" self injurious prisoners more likely to end up in long term maximum security administrative segregation?. ''International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology'', ''55''(7), 1034-1050. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624X10378494


LaBranche K.J.; Labrecque R.M. (2020) "Public Support for Solitary Confinement: A Randomized Experiment of Belief Updating and Confirmation Bias", Victims and Offenders, -. Routledge. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85088840553&doi=10.1080%2f15564886.2020.1795766&partnerID=40&md5=3876ff1dc73b037a33228555c1a413f5 10.1080/15564886.2020.1795766]
Fries B.E., Schmorrow A., Lang S.W., Margolis P.M., Heany J., Brown G.P., Barbaree H.E., Hirdes J.P. (2013). Symptoms and treatment of mental illness among prisoners: A study of Michigan state prisons. ''International Journal of Law and Psychiatry'', ''36''(3-4), 316-325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlp.2013.04.008


Walters G.D. (2018) "Checking the Math: Do Restrictive Housing and Mental Health Need Add Up to Psychological Deterioration?", Criminal Justice and Behavior, 45(9), pp. 1347-1362. SAGE Publications Inc.. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85047949888&doi=10.1177%2f0093854818780177&partnerID=40&md5=fd43cba865e8c50a12d7c803e51f5756 10.1177/0093854818780177]
Labrecque R.M., Smith P. (2013). Advancing the study of solitary confinement. ''Prisons and Prison Systems: Practices, Types and Challenges'', 57-70. Nova Science Publishers, Inc..https://doi.org/


Morgan R.D.; Van Horn S.A.; MacLean N.; Hunter J.T.; Bauer R.L. (2019) "The effects of imprisonment", The Wiley International Handbook of Correctional Psychology, 63-77. Wiley Blackwell. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85121949112&doi=10.1002%2f9781119139980.ch4&partnerID=40&md5=0e803afeaf0cb28732550893b6308366 10.1002/9781119139980.ch4]
Garces C. (2014). Denuding surveillance at the carceral boundary. ''South Atlantic Quarterly'', ''113''(3), 447-473. Duke University Press.https://doi.org/10.1215/00382876-2692146


Morgan R.D.; Gendreau P.; Smith P.; Gray A.L.; Labrecque R.M.; MacLean N.; Van Horn S.A.; Bolanos A.D.; Batastini A.B.; Mills J.F. (2016) "Quantitative syntheses of the effects of administrative segregation on inmates' well being", Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 22(4), pp. 439-461. American Psychological Association Inc.. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84994692020&doi=10.1037%2flaw0000089&partnerID=40&md5=2a7971aab056bee53a1f9af11468378c 10.1037/law0000089]
Dill D.C., Kopsick D.A. (2014). Improving cooperation between customs and environmental agencies to prevent illegal transboundary shipments of hazardous waste. ''World Customs Journal'', ''8''(2), 47-62. International Network of Customs Universities.https://doi.org/


Labrecque R.M. (2018) "Taking stock: A Meta Analysis of the Predictors of Restrictive Housing", Victims and Offenders, 13(5), pp. 675-692. Routledge. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85046906711&doi=10.1080%2f15564886.2018.1468367&partnerID=40&md5=f0a5a0049e4bea096c2e8ae49a0b10c4 10.1080/15564886.2018.1468367]
Pizarro J.M., Zgoba K.M., Haugebrook S. (2014). Supermax and Recidivism: AN Examination of the Recidivism Covariates Among a Sample of Supermax Ex Inmates. ''The Prison Journal'', ''94''(2), 180-197. https://doi.org/10.1177/0032885514524697


Batastini A.B.; Morgan R.D. (2016) "Connecting the Disconnected: Preliminary Results and Lessons Learned From a Telepsychology Initiative With Special Management Inmates", Psychological Services, 13(3), pp. 283-291. American Psychological Association. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85030980492&doi=10.1037%2fser0000078&partnerID=40&md5=236816e9c008930215e76270367d1d34 10.1037/ser0000078]
Garces C. (2014). Ecuador's "black site" on prison securitization and its zones of legal silence. ''Focaal'', 18-34. Berghahn Journals.https://doi.org/10.3167/fcl.2014.680102


Toch H. (2008) "Cumulative default: The cost of disruptive prison careers", Criminal Justice and Behavior, 35(8), pp. 943-955. . DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-47149083289&doi=10.1177%2f0093854808318594&partnerID=40&md5=27d73f39e30b99c7f0797ec7626cab96 10.1177/0093854808318594]
Morgan R.D., Gendreau P., Smith P., Gray A.L., Labrecque R.M., MacLean N., Van Horn S.A., Bolanos A.D., Batastini A.B., Mills J.F. (2016). Quantitative syntheses of the effects of administrative segregation on inmates' well being. ''Psychology, Public Policy, and Law'', ''22''(4), 439-461. American Psychological Association Inc..https://doi.org/10.1037/law0000089


Kupers T.A.; Dronet T.; Winter M.; Austin J.; Kelly L.; Cartier W.; Morris T.J.; Hanlon S.F.; Sparkman E.L.; Kumar P.; Vincent L.C.; Norris J.; Nagel K.; Mcbride J. (2009) "Beyond supermax administrative segregation: Mississippi's experience rethinking prison classification and creating alternative mental health programs", Criminal Justice and Behavior, 36(10), pp. 1037-1050. . DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-70350218788&doi=10.1177%2f0093854809341938&partnerID=40&md5=e807ec905d8e61c7fdf9ef905837c1b0 10.1177/0093854809341938]
Batastini A.B., Morgan R.D. (2016). Connecting the Disconnected: Preliminary Results and Lessons Learned From a Telepsychology Initiative With Special Management Inmates. ''Psychological Services'', ''13''(3), 283-291. American Psychological Association.https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000078


Barak-Glantz I.L. (1982) "A decade of disciplinary, administrative, and protective control of inmates in the Washington State Penitentiary: A research note", Journal of Criminal Justice, 10(6), pp. 481-492. . DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0011651052&doi=10.1016%2f0047-2352%2882%2990080-0&partnerID=40&md5=ab234ddc3de669639779ca10b1e576ff 10.1016/0047-2352(82)90080-0]
Borchert J.W. (2016). Controlling Consensual Sex Among Prisoners. ''Law and Social Inquiry'', ''41''(3), 595-615. Blackwell Publishing Inc..https://doi.org/10.1111/lsi.12221


Labrecque R.M.; Tostlebe J.J.; Useem B.; Pyrooz D.C. (2021) "Reforming solitary confinement: the development, implementation, and processes of a restrictive housing step down reentry program in Oregon", Health and Justice, 9(1), pp. -. BioMed Central Ltd. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85113519638&doi=10.1186%2fs40352-021-00151-9&partnerID=40&md5=946097d9cb117ae918fd89022db1a267 10.1186/s40352-021-00151-9]
Balfour G. (2017). It's Your Job to Save Me: The Union of Canadian Correctional Officers and the Death of Ashley Smith. ''Canadian Journal of Law and Society'', ''32''(2), 209-228. Cambridge University Press.https://doi.org/10.1017/cls.2017.13


Labrecque R.M.; Campbell C.M.; LaBranche K.J.; Reddy L.; Zavita K.R.; Morgan R.D. (2021) "Administrative Segregation: A Review of State and Federal Policies", Criminal Justice Policy Review, 32(7), pp. 718-739. SAGE Publications Inc.. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85101959120&doi=10.1177%2f0887403421998440&partnerID=40&md5=8578e666c34bab13f88ab0ae65c3bfa3 10.1177/0887403421998440]
Chadick C.D., Batastini A.B., Levulis S.J., Morgan R.D. (2018). The psychological impact of solitary: A longitudinal comparison of general population and long term administratively segregated male inmates. ''Legal and Criminological Psychology'', ''23''(2), 101-116. John Wiley and Sons Ltd.https://doi.org/10.1111/lcrp.12125


Zgoba K.M.; Pizarro J.M.; Salerno L.M. (2020) "Assessing the Impact of Restrictive Housing on Inmate Post Release Criminal Behavior", American Journal of Criminal Justice, 45(1), pp. 102-125. Springer. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85070924672&doi=10.1007%2fs12103-019-09496-2&partnerID=40&md5=d11cc5b5d2d829eafd8729bb403d9c45 10.1007/s12103-019-09496-2]
Walters G.D. (2018). Checking the Math: Do Restrictive Housing and Mental Health Need Add Up to Psychological Deterioration?. ''Criminal Justice and Behavior'', ''45''(9), 1347-1362. SAGE Publications Inc..https://doi.org/10.1177/0093854818780177


(2020) "Consensus statement from the santa cruz summit on solitary confinement and health", Northwestern University Law Review, 115(1), pp. 335-360. Northwestern University School of Law. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85091917030&partnerID=40&md5=15402cb796606bf4cf5f1a077324991c ]
Labrecque R.M. (2018). Taking stock: A Meta Analysis of the Predictors of Restrictive Housing. ''Victims and Offenders'', ''13''(5), 675-692. Routledge.https://doi.org/10.1080/15564886.2018.1468367


Nolasco C.A.; Vaughn M.S. (2019) "Construing the Legality of Solitary Confinement: Analysis of United States Federal Court Jurisprudence", American Journal of Criminal Justice, 44(5), pp. 812-835. Springer New York LLC. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85056715850&doi=10.1007%2fs12103-018-9463-5&partnerID=40&md5=10411e835abe82b02fd3977936ec2958 10.1007/s12103-018-9463-5]
Brockman J. (2018). The Research Challenges of Exposing Physicians’ Sexual Misconduct in Canada. ''Critical Criminology'', ''26''(4), 527-544. Springer Netherlands.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10612-018-9418-7


Valentine C.L.; Restivo E.; Wright K. (2019) "Prolonged isolation as a predictor of mental health for waived juveniles", Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 58(4), pp. 352-369. Routledge. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85065324341&doi=10.1080%2f10509674.2019.1596188&partnerID=40&md5=10929d795d42349e9261c21a2142a471 10.1080/10509674.2019.1596188]
Hilton N.Z., Ham E., Seto M.C. (2019). Assessment of Risk for Seclusion Among Forensic Inpatients: Validation and Modification of the Risk of Administrative Segregation Tool (RAST). ''International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology'', ''63''(8), 1424-1445. SAGE Publications Inc..https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624X18823621


Labrecque R.M.; Mears D.P. (2019) "Prison System Versus Critics’ Views on the Use of Restrictive Housing: Objective Risk Classification or Ascriptive Assignment?", Prison Journal, 99(2), pp. 194-218. SAGE Publications Inc.. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85060707827&doi=10.1177%2f0032885519825492&partnerID=40&md5=56246ed55c3fc3b0abc9e2c0e4f841ef 10.1177/0032885519825492]
Harbert B.J., Gaines C. (2019). Sounding lockdown: Singing in Administrative Segregation at the Louisiana Correctional Institute for Women. ''Popular Music and the Politics of Hope: Queer and Feminist Interventions'', 299-316. Taylor and Francis Inc..https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315165677


Brockman J. (2018) "The Research Challenges of Exposing Physicians’ Sexual Misconduct in Canada", Critical Criminology, 26(4), pp. 527-544. Springer Netherlands. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85054813711&doi=10.1007%2fs10612-018-9418-7&partnerID=40&md5=11e297c9c680c0de8238ddcff9fbd10f 10.1007/s10612-018-9418-7]
Labrecque R.M., Smith P. (2019). Assessing the Impact of Time Spent in Restrictive Housing Confinement on Subsequent Measures of Institutional Adjustment Among Men in Prison. ''Criminal Justice and Behavior'', ''46''(10), 1445-1455. SAGE Publications Inc..https://doi.org/10.1177/0093854818824371


Balfour G. (2017) "It's Your Job to Save Me: The Union of Canadian Correctional Officers and the Death of Ashley Smith", Canadian Journal of Law and Society, 32(2), pp. 209-228. Cambridge University Press. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85032585315&doi=10.1017%2fcls.2017.13&partnerID=40&md5=5d7924f6490ed7f5ace0edef0a7794eb 10.1017/cls.2017.13]
Helmus L.M., Johnson S., Harris A.J.R. (2019). Developing and Validating a Tool to Predict Placements in Administrative Segregation: Predictive Accuracy With Inmates, Including Indigenous and Female Inmates. ''Psychology, Public Policy, and Law'', -. American Psychological Association Inc..https://doi.org/10.1037/law0000201


Borchert J.W. (2016) "Controlling Consensual Sex Among Prisoners", Law and Social Inquiry, 41(3), pp. 595-615. Blackwell Publishing Inc.. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84982175126&doi=10.1111%2flsi.12221&partnerID=40&md5=dd28a1c58b172927bb45a92387617316 10.1111/lsi.12221]
Morgan R.D., Van Horn S.A., MacLean N., Hunter J.T., Bauer R.L. (2019). The effects of imprisonment. ''The Wiley International Handbook of Correctional Psychology'', 63-77. Wiley Blackwell.https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119139980.ch4


Pizarro J.M.; Zgoba K.M.; Haugebrook S. (2014) "Supermax and Recidivism: AN Examination of the Recidivism Covariates Among a Sample of Supermax Ex Inmates", The Prison Journal, 94(2), pp. 180-197. . DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84899702589&doi=10.1177%2f0032885514524697&partnerID=40&md5=ab40b5e47d329ce235fea618b33d8d9a 10.1177/0032885514524697]
Nolasco C.A., Vaughn M.S. (2019). Construing the Legality of Solitary Confinement: Analysis of United States Federal Court Jurisprudence. ''American Journal of Criminal Justice'', ''44''(5), 812-835. Springer New York LLC.https://doi.org/10.1007/s12103-018-9463-5


Garces C. (2014) "Ecuador's "black site" on prison securitization and its zones of legal silence", Focaal, 18-34. Berghahn Journals. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84897676826&doi=10.3167%2ffcl.2014.680102&partnerID=40&md5=52cc7ea2756178db85fb46487f93003d 10.3167/fcl.2014.680102]
Valentine C.L., Restivo E., Wright K. (2019). Prolonged isolation as a predictor of mental health for waived juveniles. ''Journal of Offender Rehabilitation'', ''58''(4), 352-369. Routledge.https://doi.org/10.1080/10509674.2019.1596188


Fries B.E.; Schmorrow A.; Lang S.W.; Margolis P.M.; Heany J.; Brown G.P.; Barbaree H.E.; Hirdes J.P. (2013) "Symptoms and treatment of mental illness among prisoners: A study of Michigan state prisons", International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 36(3-4), pp. 316-325. . DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84878369000&doi=10.1016%2fj.ijlp.2013.04.008&partnerID=40&md5=607d0128592c9f537e8b78e7d49595e9 10.1016/j.ijlp.2013.04.008]
Labrecque R.M., Mears D.P. (2019). Prison System Versus Critics’ Views on the Use of Restrictive Housing: Objective Risk Classification or Ascriptive Assignment?. ''Prison Journal'', ''99''(2), 194-218. SAGE Publications Inc..https://doi.org/10.1177/0032885519825492


Labrecque R.M.; Smith P. (2013) "Advancing the study of solitary confinement", Prisons and Prison Systems: Practices, Types and Challenges, 57-70. Nova Science Publishers, Inc.. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84895239168&partnerID=40&md5=4e99a02af593238dd6cb4a1cad51c19a ]
LaBranche K.J., Labrecque R.M. (202). Public Support for Solitary Confinement: A Randomized Experiment of Belief Updating and Confirmation Bias. ''Victims and Offenders'', -. Routledge.https://doi.org/10.1080/15564886.2020.1795766


Lanes E. (2009) "The association of administrative segregation placement and other risk factors with the self injury free time of male prisoners", Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 48(6), pp. 529-546. . DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-70649107835&doi=10.1080%2f10509670903081342&partnerID=40&md5=a692368f506e215dd25641ea6af8320d 10.1080/10509670903081342]
Zgoba K.M., Pizarro J.M., Salerno L.M. (202). Assessing the Impact of Restrictive Housing on Inmate Post Release Criminal Behavior. ''American Journal of Criminal Justice'', ''45''(1), 102-125. Springer.https://doi.org/10.1007/s12103-019-09496-2


O'keefe M.L. (2008) "Administrative Segregation From Within: A Corrections Perspective", The Prison Journal, 88(1), pp. 123-143. . DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-38949104393&doi=10.1177%2f0032885507310999&partnerID=40&md5=798e020c533cc52b858a8cf74cc0e0cc 10.1177/0032885507310999]
(202). Consensus statement from the santa cruz summit on solitary confinement and health. ''Northwestern University Law Review'', ''115''(1), 335-360. Northwestern University School of Law.https://doi.org/


O'keefe M.L. (2007) "Administrative segregation for mentally ill inmates", Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 45(1-2), pp. 149-165. Haworth Press Inc.. DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-42649137222&doi=10.1300%2fJ076v45n01_11&partnerID=40&md5=7978ce5bc75425a5c0ebb8193fbb3cdb 10.1300/J076v45n01_11]
Batastini A.B., Lester M.E., Morgan R.D., Atterberry E. (2021). Stepping Up, Stepping Out: A Program Description and Preliminary Findings. ''Psychological Services'', ''18''(4), 679-688. American Psychological Association.https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000430


Jackson M. (2006) "The litmus test of legitimacy: Independent adjudication and administrative segregation", Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice, 48(2), pp. 157-196. . DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33744752707&doi=10.1353%2fccj.2006.0018&partnerID=40&md5=78536787415f960988684da732539f76 10.1353/ccj.2006.0018]
Labrecque R.M., Tostlebe J.J., Useem B., Pyrooz D.C. (2021). Reforming solitary confinement: the development, implementation, and processes of a restrictive housing step down reentry program in Oregon. ''Health and Justice'', ''9''(1), -. BioMed Central Ltd.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40352-021-00151-9


Pizarro J.; Stenius V.M.K. (2004) "Supermax Prisons: Their Rise, Current Practices, and Effect on Inmates", The Prison Journal, 84(2), pp. 248-264. . DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-2642549886&doi=10.1177%2f0032885504265080&partnerID=40&md5=f4c832ff04f558508d57a407fa6ea360 10.1177/0032885504265080]
Labrecque R.M., Campbell C.M., LaBranche K.J., Reddy L., Zavita K.R., Morgan R.D. (2021). Administrative Segregation: A Review of State and Federal Policies. ''Criminal Justice Policy Review'', ''32''(7), 718-739. SAGE Publications Inc..https://doi.org/10.1177/0887403421998440


Ellis J. (1993) "Securtiy officer’s role in reducing inmate problem behaviors: A program based on contingency management", Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 20(1-2), pp. 61-72. . DOI: [https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0242547827&doi=10.1300%2fJ076v20n01_05&partnerID=40&md5=1886f903330eaa3d4db4b6e9b17116f0 10.1300/J076v20n01_05]
Scanlon F., Lester M.E., Brace T., Batastini A.B., Morgan R.D. (2022). Tried and True? A Psychometric Evaluation of the Psychological Inventory of Criminal Thinking Styles Short Form. ''Assessment'', -. SAGE Publications Inc..https://doi.org/10.1177/10731911221132500

Latest revision as of 14:33, 27 September 2024

Date and country of first publication[1][edit | edit source]

1982
United States

Definition[edit | edit source]

Administrative segregation, also known as ad seg, is a term used in correctional facilities to refer to the confinement of an inmate in a separate area or cell due to disciplinary or administrative reasons. In administrative segregation, inmates are isolated from the general prison population and are subjected to more restrictive conditions.

Administrative segregation may be used as a disciplinary measure for inmates who have violated prison rules or engaged in misconduct. It is also used for administrative reasons, such as protecting an inmate from harm, separating rival gang members, or preventing the spread of influence or contraband.

In administrative segregation, inmates typically have limited or no access to communal activities, such as group meals or recreation time. They may also have restricted access to personal possessions or privileges. The length of time an inmate spends in administrative segregation can vary, depending on the severity of the infraction or the administrative reason.

The use of administrative segregation has raised concerns regarding its effects on inmates' mental health and overall well-being. Prolonged isolation can lead to increased rates of depression, anxiety, and other psychological issues. Therefore, correctional facilities are often encouraged to implement alternatives to administrative segregation, such as therapeutic programs or other forms of discipline.

See also[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

Notes[edit | edit source]

  1. Date and country of first publication as informed by the Scopus database (December 2023).
At its current state, this definition has been generated by a Large Language Model (LLM) so far without review by an independent researcher or a member of the curating team of segregation experts that keep the Segregation Wiki online. While we strive for accuracy, we cannot guarantee its reliability, completeness and timeliness. Please use this content with caution and verify information as needed. Also, feel free to improve on the definition as you see fit, including the use of references and other informational resources. We value your input in enhancing the quality and accuracy of the definitions of segregation forms collectively offered in the Segregation Wiki ©.

Administrative segregation appears in the following literature[edit | edit source]

Barak-Glantz I.L. (1982). A decade of disciplinary, administrative, and protective control of inmates in the Washington State Penitentiary: A research note. Journal of Criminal Justice, 10(6), 481-492. https://doi.org/10.1016/0047-2352(82)90080-0

Ellis J. (1993). Securtiy officer’s role in reducing inmate problem behaviors: A program based on contingency management. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 20(1-2), 61-72. https://doi.org/10.1300/J076v20n01_05

Pizarro J., Stenius V.M.K. (2004). Supermax Prisons: Their Rise, Current Practices, and Effect on Inmates. The Prison Journal, 84(2), 248-264. https://doi.org/10.1177/0032885504265080

Jackson M. (2006). The litmus test of legitimacy: Independent adjudication and administrative segregation. Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice, 48(2), 157-196. https://doi.org/10.1353/ccj.2006.0018

O'keefe M.L. (2007). Administrative segregation for mentally ill inmates. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 45(1-2), 149-165. Haworth Press Inc..https://doi.org/10.1300/J076v45n01_11

Toch H. (2008). Cumulative default: The cost of disruptive prison careers. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 35(8), 943-955. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093854808318594

O'keefe M.L. (2008). Administrative Segregation From Within: A Corrections Perspective. The Prison Journal, 88(1), 123-143. https://doi.org/10.1177/0032885507310999

Kupers T.A., Dronet T., Winter M., Austin J., Kelly L., Cartier W., Morris T.J., Hanlon S.F., Sparkman E.L., Kumar P., Vincent L.C., Norris J., Nagel K., Mcbride J. (2009). Beyond supermax administrative segregation: Mississippi's experience rethinking prison classification and creating alternative mental health programs. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 36(10), 1037-1050. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093854809341938

Lanes E. (2009). The association of administrative segregation placement and other risk factors with the self injury free time of male prisoners. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 48(6), 529-546. https://doi.org/10.1080/10509670903081342

Anonymous, Dombrowski K. (201). Re entry: A guide to success?. Dialectical Anthropology, 34(4), 477-481. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10624-010-9167-9

Lanes E.C. (2011). Are the "worst of the worst" self injurious prisoners more likely to end up in long term maximum security administrative segregation?. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 55(7), 1034-1050. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624X10378494

Fries B.E., Schmorrow A., Lang S.W., Margolis P.M., Heany J., Brown G.P., Barbaree H.E., Hirdes J.P. (2013). Symptoms and treatment of mental illness among prisoners: A study of Michigan state prisons. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 36(3-4), 316-325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlp.2013.04.008

Labrecque R.M., Smith P. (2013). Advancing the study of solitary confinement. Prisons and Prison Systems: Practices, Types and Challenges, 57-70. Nova Science Publishers, Inc..https://doi.org/

Garces C. (2014). Denuding surveillance at the carceral boundary. South Atlantic Quarterly, 113(3), 447-473. Duke University Press.https://doi.org/10.1215/00382876-2692146

Dill D.C., Kopsick D.A. (2014). Improving cooperation between customs and environmental agencies to prevent illegal transboundary shipments of hazardous waste. World Customs Journal, 8(2), 47-62. International Network of Customs Universities.https://doi.org/

Pizarro J.M., Zgoba K.M., Haugebrook S. (2014). Supermax and Recidivism: AN Examination of the Recidivism Covariates Among a Sample of Supermax Ex Inmates. The Prison Journal, 94(2), 180-197. https://doi.org/10.1177/0032885514524697

Garces C. (2014). Ecuador's "black site" on prison securitization and its zones of legal silence. Focaal, 18-34. Berghahn Journals.https://doi.org/10.3167/fcl.2014.680102

Morgan R.D., Gendreau P., Smith P., Gray A.L., Labrecque R.M., MacLean N., Van Horn S.A., Bolanos A.D., Batastini A.B., Mills J.F. (2016). Quantitative syntheses of the effects of administrative segregation on inmates' well being. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 22(4), 439-461. American Psychological Association Inc..https://doi.org/10.1037/law0000089

Batastini A.B., Morgan R.D. (2016). Connecting the Disconnected: Preliminary Results and Lessons Learned From a Telepsychology Initiative With Special Management Inmates. Psychological Services, 13(3), 283-291. American Psychological Association.https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000078

Borchert J.W. (2016). Controlling Consensual Sex Among Prisoners. Law and Social Inquiry, 41(3), 595-615. Blackwell Publishing Inc..https://doi.org/10.1111/lsi.12221

Balfour G. (2017). It's Your Job to Save Me: The Union of Canadian Correctional Officers and the Death of Ashley Smith. Canadian Journal of Law and Society, 32(2), 209-228. Cambridge University Press.https://doi.org/10.1017/cls.2017.13

Chadick C.D., Batastini A.B., Levulis S.J., Morgan R.D. (2018). The psychological impact of solitary: A longitudinal comparison of general population and long term administratively segregated male inmates. Legal and Criminological Psychology, 23(2), 101-116. John Wiley and Sons Ltd.https://doi.org/10.1111/lcrp.12125

Walters G.D. (2018). Checking the Math: Do Restrictive Housing and Mental Health Need Add Up to Psychological Deterioration?. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 45(9), 1347-1362. SAGE Publications Inc..https://doi.org/10.1177/0093854818780177

Labrecque R.M. (2018). Taking stock: A Meta Analysis of the Predictors of Restrictive Housing. Victims and Offenders, 13(5), 675-692. Routledge.https://doi.org/10.1080/15564886.2018.1468367

Brockman J. (2018). The Research Challenges of Exposing Physicians’ Sexual Misconduct in Canada. Critical Criminology, 26(4), 527-544. Springer Netherlands.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10612-018-9418-7

Hilton N.Z., Ham E., Seto M.C. (2019). Assessment of Risk for Seclusion Among Forensic Inpatients: Validation and Modification of the Risk of Administrative Segregation Tool (RAST). International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 63(8), 1424-1445. SAGE Publications Inc..https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624X18823621

Harbert B.J., Gaines C. (2019). Sounding lockdown: Singing in Administrative Segregation at the Louisiana Correctional Institute for Women. Popular Music and the Politics of Hope: Queer and Feminist Interventions, 299-316. Taylor and Francis Inc..https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315165677

Labrecque R.M., Smith P. (2019). Assessing the Impact of Time Spent in Restrictive Housing Confinement on Subsequent Measures of Institutional Adjustment Among Men in Prison. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 46(10), 1445-1455. SAGE Publications Inc..https://doi.org/10.1177/0093854818824371

Helmus L.M., Johnson S., Harris A.J.R. (2019). Developing and Validating a Tool to Predict Placements in Administrative Segregation: Predictive Accuracy With Inmates, Including Indigenous and Female Inmates. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, -. American Psychological Association Inc..https://doi.org/10.1037/law0000201

Morgan R.D., Van Horn S.A., MacLean N., Hunter J.T., Bauer R.L. (2019). The effects of imprisonment. The Wiley International Handbook of Correctional Psychology, 63-77. Wiley Blackwell.https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119139980.ch4

Nolasco C.A., Vaughn M.S. (2019). Construing the Legality of Solitary Confinement: Analysis of United States Federal Court Jurisprudence. American Journal of Criminal Justice, 44(5), 812-835. Springer New York LLC.https://doi.org/10.1007/s12103-018-9463-5

Valentine C.L., Restivo E., Wright K. (2019). Prolonged isolation as a predictor of mental health for waived juveniles. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 58(4), 352-369. Routledge.https://doi.org/10.1080/10509674.2019.1596188

Labrecque R.M., Mears D.P. (2019). Prison System Versus Critics’ Views on the Use of Restrictive Housing: Objective Risk Classification or Ascriptive Assignment?. Prison Journal, 99(2), 194-218. SAGE Publications Inc..https://doi.org/10.1177/0032885519825492

LaBranche K.J., Labrecque R.M. (202). Public Support for Solitary Confinement: A Randomized Experiment of Belief Updating and Confirmation Bias. Victims and Offenders, -. Routledge.https://doi.org/10.1080/15564886.2020.1795766

Zgoba K.M., Pizarro J.M., Salerno L.M. (202). Assessing the Impact of Restrictive Housing on Inmate Post Release Criminal Behavior. American Journal of Criminal Justice, 45(1), 102-125. Springer.https://doi.org/10.1007/s12103-019-09496-2

(202). Consensus statement from the santa cruz summit on solitary confinement and health. Northwestern University Law Review, 115(1), 335-360. Northwestern University School of Law.https://doi.org/

Batastini A.B., Lester M.E., Morgan R.D., Atterberry E. (2021). Stepping Up, Stepping Out: A Program Description and Preliminary Findings. Psychological Services, 18(4), 679-688. American Psychological Association.https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000430

Labrecque R.M., Tostlebe J.J., Useem B., Pyrooz D.C. (2021). Reforming solitary confinement: the development, implementation, and processes of a restrictive housing step down reentry program in Oregon. Health and Justice, 9(1), -. BioMed Central Ltd.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40352-021-00151-9

Labrecque R.M., Campbell C.M., LaBranche K.J., Reddy L., Zavita K.R., Morgan R.D. (2021). Administrative Segregation: A Review of State and Federal Policies. Criminal Justice Policy Review, 32(7), 718-739. SAGE Publications Inc..https://doi.org/10.1177/0887403421998440

Scanlon F., Lester M.E., Brace T., Batastini A.B., Morgan R.D. (2022). Tried and True? A Psychometric Evaluation of the Psychological Inventory of Criminal Thinking Styles Short Form. Assessment, -. SAGE Publications Inc..https://doi.org/10.1177/10731911221132500