Editing Formal job segregation

===== Date and country of first publication<ref>Date and country of first publication as informed by the Scopus database (December 2023).</ref>===== 
1963<br>
United States
===== Definition ===== 

Formal job segregation refers to the organized and intentional division of jobs and labor within an organization based on certain characteristics or attributes of individuals, such as gender, race, or ethnicity. Historically, job segregation has often resulted in inequality and limited opportunities for marginalized groups, leading to discrimination and disparities in economic outcomes.

Job segregation can occur both horizontally and vertically in an organization. Horizontal segregation refers to the concentration of individuals from a particular group in specific occupations or job roles. For example, women being predominantly employed in nursing or teaching professions, while men are more likely to be found in engineering or management positions. Vertical segregation, on the other hand, relates to the uneven distribution of individuals from certain groups across different levels of organizational hierarchy, with certain positions or promotion opportunities being systematically denied to them.

To combat job segregation, organizations and societies have implemented various laws and regulations to uphold equal opportunity and non-discrimination. Affirmative action policies, for instance, are designed to promote diversity and equal representation within the workforce by creating specific measures or quotas for underrepresented groups in employment or education. Additionally, organizations may implement inclusive hiring practices, diversity training, and mentorship programs to address issues of job segregation and promote equal opportunities for all individuals.

Overall, formal job segregation is recognized as a detrimental practice that perpetuates inequality and restricts the full potential of individuals in the workplace. Efforts to address and reduce job segregation are essential in creating fair and diverse environments that enable equal access to employment and career advancement opportunities for everyone.
==See also== 
==References== 
==Notes== 
<references /> 
{{NoteAI}} 
==Formal job segregation appears in the following literature== 

Marshall R. (1963). Some factors influencing the upgrading of negroes in the southern petroleu \1 refining industry. ''Social Forces'', ''42''(2), 186-195. https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/42.2.186