Editing Ethnoracial segregation

===== Date and country of first publication<ref>Date and country of first publication as informed by the Scopus database (December 2023).</ref>===== 
1985<br>
United States
===== Definition ===== 

Ethnoracial segregation refers to the spatial separation of different racial or ethnic groups within a society. It occurs when certain racial or ethnic groups predominantly inhabit specific geographic areas, neighborhoods, or communities, often as a result of historical processes, socioeconomic factors, discriminatory practices, or personal choices. Ethnoracial segregation can be observed in various aspects of life, including housing patterns, educational institutions, workplaces, and social interactions. This segregation can have significant implications for social equity, access to resources and opportunities, and the perpetuation of racial or ethnic disparities. Efforts to address ethnoracial segregation often involve policies and initiatives aimed at promoting diversity, inclusion, and equal access to housing, education, and employment opportunities.
===== Synonyms ===== 
The following terms are synonymous with ethnoracial segregation:

ethno racial segregation; race ethnic segregation; race ethnicity segregation; racial ethnic segregation.

References and literature addressing this segregation form under these synonymous terms can be found below.
==See also== 
==Related segregation forms==
Ethnoracial segregation is frequently discussed in the literature with the following segregation forms: 

[[racial segregation]], [[social segregation]], [[residential segregation]], [[ethnic segregation]], [[school segregation]], [[class segregation]], [[spatial segregation]], [[black spanish segregation]], [[occupational segregation]], [[ethnic residential segregation]], [[neighborhood segregation]], [[metropolitan segregation]], [[metropolitan school segregation]], [[socioeconomic segregation]], [[ethnic minority segregation]]
[[File:ethnoracial_segregation.png|780x780px]]

This visualization is based on the study [[Segregation_Wiki:About| The Multidisciplinary Landscape of Segregation Research]]. 

For the complete network of interrelated segregation forms, please refer to: 

* [https://tinyurl.com/2235lkhw First year of publication] 

* [https://tinyurl.com/2d8wg5n3 Louvain clusters] 

* [https://tinyurl.com/223udk5r Betweenness centrality] 

* [https://tinyurl.com/244d8unz Disciplines in which segregation forms first emerged (Scopus database).] 
==References== 
==Notes== 
<references /> 
{{NoteAI}} 
==Ethnoracial segregation appears in the following literature== 

Hwang S.-S., Murdock S.H., Parpia B., Hamm R.R. (1985). The Effects of Race and Socioeconomic Status on Residential Segregation in Texas, 1970 80. ''Social Forces'', ''63''(3), 732-747. Oxford University Press.https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/63.3.732

Aneshensel C.S., Sucoff C.A. (1996). The Neighborhood Context of Adolescent Mental Health. ''Journal of Health and Social Behavior'', ''37''(4), 293-310. American Sociological Association.https://doi.org/10.2307/2137258

Massey D.S., Fischer M.J. (1999). Does rising income bring integration? New results for Blacks, Hispanics, and Asians in 1990. ''Social Science Research'', ''28''(3), 316-326. https://doi.org/10.1006/ssre.1999.0660

James J. (2). The dysfunctional and the disappearing: Democracy, race and imprisonment. ''Social Identities'', ''6''(4), 483-492. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504630020026422

Massey D.S., Fischer M.J. (2). How segregation concentrates poverty. ''Ethnic and Racial Studies'', ''23''(4), 670-691. Routledge.https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870050033676

Rosenbaum E., Argeros G. (2005). Holding the line: Housing turnover and the persistence of racial/ethnic segregation in New York City. ''Journal of Urban Affairs'', ''27''(3), 261-281. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0735-2166.2005.00236.x

Masi C.M., Hawkley L.C., Harry Piotrowski Z., Pickett K.E. (2007). Neighborhood economic disadvantage, violent crime, group density, and pregnancy outcomes in a diverse, urban population. ''Social Science and Medicine'', ''65''(12), 2440-2457. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.07.014

Chung S.-Y., Brown L.A. (2007). Racial/ethnic residential sorting in spatial context: Testing the explanatory frameworks. ''Urban Geography'', ''28''(4), 312-339. https://doi.org/10.2747/0272-3638.28.4.312

Thomas M.E. (2008). The paradoxes of personhood: Banal multiculturalism and racial ethnic identification among Latina and Armenian girls at a Los Angeles high school. ''Environment and Planning A'', ''40''(12), 2864-2878. https://doi.org/10.1068/a40141

Queneau H. (2009). Trends in occupational segregation by race and ethnicity in the USA: Evidence from detailed data. ''Applied Economics Letters'', ''16''(13), 1347-1350. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504850701367346

Gurin P., Gurin G., Matlock J., Wade-Golden K. (2009). Commonality in values across the racial divide. ''Twenty-First Century Color Lines: Multiracial Change in Contemporary America'', 235-257. Temple University Press.https://doi.org/

Massey D.S., Rothwell J., Domina T. (2009). The changing bases of segregation in the United States. ''Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science'', ''626''(1), 74-90. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716209343558

Feldmeyer B. (201). The Effects Of Racial/Ethnic Segregation On Latino And Black Homicide. ''Sociological Quarterly'', ''51''(4), 600-623. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1533-8525.2010.01185.x

Braddock II J.H., Del Carmen Gonzalez A. (201). Social isolation and social cohesion: The effects of K 12 neighborhood and school segregation on intergroup orientations. ''Teachers College Record'', ''112''(6), 1631-1653. Teachers College, Columbia University.https://doi.org/

Aneshensel C.S., Ko M.J., Chodosh J., Wight R.G. (2011). The urban neighborhood and cognitive functioning in late middle age. ''Journal of Health and Social Behavior'', ''52''(2), 163-179. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022146510393974

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Préteceille E. (2011). Has ethno racial segregation increased in the greater Paris metropolitan area?. ''Revue Francaise de Sociologie'', ''52''(SUPPL.), 31-62. Editions Ophrys.https://doi.org/10.3917/rfs.525.0031

Borrell L.N., Kiefe C.I., Diez-Roux A.V., Williams D.R., Gordon-Larsen P. (2013). Racial discrimination, racial/ethnic segregation, and health behaviors in the CARDIA study. ''Ethnicity and Health'', ''18''(3), 227-243. https://doi.org/10.1080/13557858.2012.713092

Sharp G., Iceland J. (2013). The residential segregation patterns of whites by socioeconomic status, 2000 2011. ''Social Science Research'', ''42''(4), 1046-1060. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2013.03.007

Stroub K.J., Richards M.P. (2013). From Resegregation to Reintegration: Trends in the Racial/Ethnic Segregation of Metropolitan Public Schools, 1993 2009. ''American Educational Research Journal'', ''50''(3), 497-531. SAGE Publications Inc..https://doi.org/10.3102/0002831213478462

Filčák R., Steger T. (2014). Ghettos in Slovakia. Confronting Roma social and enviromental exclusion. ''Analyse und Kritik'', ''36''(2), 229-250. Lucius und Lucius Verlagsgesellschaft mbH.https://doi.org/10.1515/auk-2014-0203

Yi S.S., Ruff R.R., Jung M., Waddell E.N. (2014). Racial/ethnic residential segregation, neighborhood poverty and urinary biomarkers of diet in New York City adults. ''Social Science and Medicine'', ''122''(), 122-129. Elsevier Ltd.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.10.030

Richards M.P. (2014). The Gerrymandering of School Attendance Zones and the Segregation of Public Schools: A Geospatial Analysis. ''American Educational Research Journal'', ''51''(6), 1119-1157. SAGE Publications Inc..https://doi.org/10.3102/0002831214553652

Smith B.W., Holmes M.D. (2014). Police use of excessive force in minority communities: A test of the minority threat, place, and community accountability hypotheses. ''Social Problems'', ''61''(1), 83-104. https://doi.org/10.1525/sp.2013.12056

Richards M.P., Stroub K.J. (2014). The fragmentation of metropolitan public school districts and the segregation of American schools: A longitudinal analysis. ''Teachers College Record'', ''116''(12), -. Teachers College, Columbia University.https://doi.org/

Gibbons J., Yang T.-C. (2014). Self rated health and residential segregation: How does race/ethnicity matter?. ''Journal of Urban Health'', ''91''(4), 648-660. Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11524-013-9863-2

Bessone M., Doytcheva M., Duez J.-B., Girard C., De Latour S.G. (2014). Integrating or segregating roma migrants in france in the name of respect: A spatial analysis of the villages d'insertion. ''Journal of Urban Affairs'', ''36''(2), 182-196. Blackwell Publishing Ltd.https://doi.org/10.1111/juaf.12029

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Gibbons J. (2015). Does racial segregation make community based organizations more territorial? Evidence from Newark, Nj, and Jersey City, Nj. ''Journal of Urban Affairs'', ''37''(5), 600-619. Taylor and Francis Ltd..https://doi.org/10.1111/juaf.12170

Ryabov I. (2016). Examining the role of residential segregation in explaining racial/ethnic gaps in spending on fruit and vegetables. ''Appetite'', ''98''(), 74-79. Academic Press.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2015.12.024

Winkler R.L., Johnson K.M. (2016). Moving Toward Integration? Effects of Migration on Ethnoracial Segregation Across the Rural Urban Continuum. ''Demography'', ''53''(4), 1027-1049. Springer Science and Business Media, LLC.https://doi.org/10.1007/s13524-016-0479-5

Gibbons J., Yang T.-C. (2016). Connecting Across the Divides of Race/Ethnicity: How Does Segregation Matter?. ''Urban Affairs Review'', ''52''(4), 531-558. SAGE Publications Inc..https://doi.org/10.1177/1078087415589193

Stroub K.J., Richards M.P. (2017). Suburbanizing segregation? Changes in racial/ethnic diversity and the geographic distribution of metropolitan school segregation, 2002 2012. ''Teachers College Record'', ''119''(7), 1-40. Teachers College, Columbia University.https://doi.org/

D'Agostino E.M., Patel H.H., Ahmed Z., Hansen E., Sunil Mathew M., Nardi M.I., Messiah S.E. (2018). Impact of change in neighborhood racial/ethnic segregation on cardiovascular health in minority youth attending a park based afterschool program. ''Social Science and Medicine'', ''205''(), 116-129. Elsevier Ltd.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.03.038

McAvay H. (2018). How Durable Are Ethnoracial Segregation and Spatial Disadvantage? Intergenerational Contextual Mobility in France. ''Demography'', ''55''(4), 1507-1545. Springer Science and Business Media, LLC.https://doi.org/10.1007/s13524-018-0689-0

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Arowosegbe J.O. (2019). Hausa Fulani Pastoralists and Resource Conflicts in Yorubaland. ''Interventions'', ''21''(8), 1157-1187. Routledge.https://doi.org/10.1080/1369801X.2019.1649182

Sosina V.E., Weathers E.S. (2019). Pathways to Inequality: Between District Segregation and Racial Disparities in School District Expenditures. ''AERA Open'', ''5''(3), -. SAGE Publications Inc..https://doi.org/10.1177/2332858419872445

D'Agostino E.M., Patel H.H., Hansen E., Mathew M.S., Nardi M.I., Messiah S.E. (2019). Does transportation vulnerability explain the relationship between changes in exposure to segregation and youth cardiovascular health?. ''Health and Place'', ''57''(), 265-276. Elsevier Ltd.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2019.04.002

Gibbons J. (2019). The Effect of Segregated Cities on Ethnoracial Minority Healthcare System Distrust. ''City and Community'', ''18''(1), 321-343. Blackwell Publishing Ltd.https://doi.org/10.1111/cico.12370

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De Maio F., Ansell D., Shah R.C. (202). Racial/ethnic minority segregation and low birth weight in five North American cities. ''Ethnicity and Health'', ''25''(7), 915-924. Routledge.https://doi.org/10.1080/13557858.2018.1492706

Kogachi K., Graham S. (202). Numerical Minority Status in Middle School and Racial/Ethnic Segregation in Academic Classes. ''Child Development'', ''91''(6), 2083-2102. Blackwell Publishing Inc..https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.13408

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Richards M.P., Stroub K.J. (202). Measuring segregation in a multiracial era: The impact of federal racial reporting changes on estimates of public school segregation. ''Teachers College Record'', ''122''(5), 155-170. Teachers College, Columbia University.https://doi.org/

Richards M.P., Stroub K.J. (202). Metropolitan public school district segregation by race and income, 2000 2011. ''Teachers College Record'', ''122''(5), 21-41. Teachers College, Columbia University.https://doi.org/

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D’Agostino E.M., Patel H.H., Hansen E., Mathew M.S., Messiah S.E. (2021). Longitudinal Effects of Transportation Vulnerability on the Association Between Racial/Ethnic Segregation and Youth Cardiovascular Health. ''Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities'', ''8''(3), 618-629. Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH.https://doi.org/10.1007/s40615-020-00821-8

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Beckman L., Wang X. (2022). Revisiting the Minority Threat Perspective: Examining the Main and Interactive Effects of Segregation on Sentencing Severity. ''Justice Quarterly'', ''39''(4), 745-771. Routledge.https://doi.org/10.1080/07418825.2020.1854832

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