Editing Punitive segregation

===== Date and country of first publication<ref>Date and country of first publication as informed by the Scopus database (December 2023).</ref>===== 
2003<br>
Canada
===== Definition ===== 

Punitive segregation refers to the practice of isolating inmates or prisoners as a form of punishment. It involves placing individuals in solitary confinement, where they are confined to a small cell for 22 to 24 hours a day and have limited human interaction, in order to punish them for their behavior or actions within the prison or correctional facility. Punitive segregation is often used as a disciplinary measure for serious infractions or for individuals deemed a threat to themselves or others. However, there is significant controversy surrounding the use of punitive segregation, as it can have detrimental effects on mental health and overall well-being.
==See also== 
==Related segregation forms==
Punitive segregation is frequently discussed in the literature with the following segregation forms: 

[[administrative segregation]]
[[File:punitive_segregation.png|780x780px]]

This visualization is based on the study [[Segregation_Wiki:About| The Multidisciplinary Landscape of Segregation Research]]. 

For the complete network of interrelated segregation forms, please refer to: 

* [https://tinyurl.com/2235lkhw First year of publication] 

* [https://tinyurl.com/2d8wg5n3 Louvain clusters] 

* [https://tinyurl.com/223udk5r Betweenness centrality] 

* [https://tinyurl.com/244d8unz Disciplines in which segregation forms first emerged (Scopus database).] 
==References== 
==Notes== 
<references /> 
{{NoteAI}} 
==Punitive segregation appears in the following literature== 

Cesaroni C., Doob A.N. (2003). The Decline in Support for Penal Welfarism: Evidence of Support among the Elite for Punitive Segregation. ''British Journal of Criminology'', ''43''(2), 434-441. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/43.2.434

Toch H. (2007). Sequestering gang members, burning witches, and subverting due process. ''Criminal Justice and Behavior'', ''34''(2), 274-288. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093854806296663

Toch H., Kupers T.A. (2007). Violence in prisons, revisited. ''Journal of Offender Rehabilitation'', ''45''(3-4), 1-28. Haworth Press Inc..https://doi.org/10.1300/J076v45n03_01

Labrecque R.M., Smith P. (2013). Advancing the study of solitary confinement. ''Prisons and Prison Systems: Practices, Types and Challenges'', 57-70. Nova Science Publishers, Inc..https://doi.org/

Morris R.G. (2016). Exploring the Effect of Exposure to Short Term Solitary Confinement Among Violent Prison Inmates. ''Journal of Quantitative Criminology'', ''32''(1), 1-22. Springer New York LLC.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10940-015-9250-0

Kelly T. (2016). Laws of Suspicion: Legal Status, Space and the Impossibility of Separation in the Israeli occupied West Bank. ''Rules of Law and Laws of Ruling: On the Governance of Law'', 83-99. Taylor and Francis.https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315607139-4

Nolasco C.A., Vaughn M.S. (2019). Construing the Legality of Solitary Confinement: Analysis of United States Federal Court Jurisprudence. ''American Journal of Criminal Justice'', ''44''(5), 812-835. Springer New York LLC.https://doi.org/10.1007/s12103-018-9463-5

Pforte D. (202). Evaluating and Intervening in the Trauma of Solitary Confinement: A Social Work Perspective. ''Clinical Social Work Journal'', ''48''(1), 77-86. Springer.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10615-019-00744-w