Editing Labor market segregation

===== Date and country of first publication<ref>Date and country of first publication as informed by the Scopus database (December 2023).</ref>===== 
1988<br>
Israel
===== Definition ===== 

Labor market segregation refers to the unequal and discriminatory distribution of individuals into different types of jobs or sectors based on characteristics such as gender, race, ethnicity, or age. This segregation can result in certain groups of people being concentrated in low-paying, low-skilled jobs with limited opportunities for advancement, while other groups have better access to higher-paying, more prestigious positions. This can contribute to inequalities in income, career opportunities, and overall quality of life for marginalized groups. Efforts to address labor market segregation often involve policies and initiatives aimed at promoting diversity, inclusion, and equal opportunity in the workforce.
===== Synonyms ===== 
The following terms are synonymous with labor market segregation:

labour market segregation.

References and literature addressing this segregation form under these synonymous terms can be found below.
==See also== 
==Related segregation forms==
Labor market segregation is frequently discussed in the literature with the following segregation forms: 

[[gender segregation]], [[residential segregation]], [[racial segregation]], [[ethnic segregation]], [[sex segregation]], [[occupational segregation]], [[workplace segregation]], [[occupational gender segregation]]
[[File:labor_market_segregation.png|780x780px]]

This visualization is based on the study [[Segregation_Wiki:About| The Multidisciplinary Landscape of Segregation Research]]. 

For the complete network of interrelated segregation forms, please refer to: 

* [https://tinyurl.com/2235lkhw First year of publication] 

* [https://tinyurl.com/2d8wg5n3 Louvain clusters] 

* [https://tinyurl.com/223udk5r Betweenness centrality] 

* [https://tinyurl.com/244d8unz Disciplines in which segregation forms first emerged (Scopus database).] 
==References== 
==Notes== 
<references /> 
{{NoteAI}} 
==Labor market segregation appears in the following literature== 

Semyonov M. (1988). Bi ethnic labor markets, mono ethnic labor markets, and socioeconomic inequality. ''American Sociological Review'', ''53''(2), 256-266. https://doi.org/10.2307/2095691

Neuman S., Silber J. (1994). The econometrics of labor market segregation and discrimination. ''Journal of Econometrics'', ''61''(1), 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4076(94)90073-6

Medrano J.D. (1994). The effects of ethnic segregation and ethnic competition on political mobilization in the Basque country, 1988. ''American Sociological Review'', ''59''(6), 873-889. https://doi.org/10.2307/2096373

Glebe G. (1997). Urban economic restructuring and ethnic segregation in Dusseldorf. ''Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie'', ''88''(2), 147-157. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9663.1997.tb01593.x

Zhao Y. (1997). Labor migration and returns to rural education in China. ''American Journal of Agricultural Economics'', ''79''(4), 1278-1287. Oxford University Press.https://doi.org/10.2307/1244284

Forsberg G. (1998). Regional variations in the gender contract: gendered relations in labour markets, local politics and everyday life in Swedish regions. ''Innovation'', ''11''(2), 191-209. Carfax Publishing Company.https://doi.org/10.1080/13511610.1998.9968561

Vahed G. (2001). Race of class? Community and conflict amongst Indian municipal employees in Durban, 1914 1949. ''Journal of Southern African Studies'', ''27''(1), 105-125. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057070120029527

Meyersson Milgrom E.M., Petersen T., Snartland V. (2001). Equal pay for equal work? Evidence from Sweden and a comparison with Norway and the U.S.. ''Scandinavian Journal of Economics'', ''103''(4), 559-583. Blackwell Publishing Ltd.https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9442.00260

Gottschall K., Bird K. (2003). Family leave policies and labor market segregation in Germany: Reinvention or reform of the male breadwinner model?. ''Review of Policy Research'', ''20''(1), 115-134. Blackwell Publishing Inc..https://doi.org/10.1111/1541-1338.d01-7

Kreimer M. (2004). Labour market segregation and the gender based division of labour. ''European Journal of Women's Studies'', ''11''(2), 223-246. https://doi.org/10.1177/1350506804042097

Parks V. (2004). The gendered connection between ethnic residential and labor market segregation in los angeles. ''Urban Geography'', ''25''(7), 589-630. https://doi.org/10.2747/0272-3638.25.7.589

Zhao Z. (2005). Migration, labor market flexibility, and wage determination in China: A review. ''Developing Economies'', ''43''(2), 285-312. Institute of Developing Economies.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1049.2005.tb00263.x

Krieg E.J. (2005). Race and environmental justice in Buffalo, NY: A ZIP code and historical analysis of ecological hazards. ''Society and Natural Resources'', ''18''(3), 199-213. https://doi.org/10.1080/08941920590908015

Bastia T. (2007). From mining to garment workshops: Bolivian migrants in Buenos Aires. ''Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies'', ''33''(4), 655-669. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691830701265628

Schrover M., van der Leun J., Quispel C. (2007). Niches, labour market segregation, ethnicity and gender. ''Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies'', ''33''(4), 529-540. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691830701265404

Frederiksen A. (2008). Gender differences in job separation rates and employment stability: New evidence from employer employee data. ''Labour Economics'', ''15''(5), 915-937. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2007.07.010

Simón H., Sanromá E., Ramos R. (2008). Labour segregation and immigrant and native born wage distributions in Spain: An analysis using matched employer employee data. ''Spanish Economic Review'', ''10''(2), 135-168. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10108-007-9035-1

Napari S. (2008). The early career gender wage gap among University graduates in the finnish private sector. ''Labour'', ''22''(4), 697-733. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9914.2008.00429.x

Barr T. (2009). With friends like these: Endogenous labor market segregation with homogeneous, nonprejudiced agents. ''American Journal of Economics and Sociology'', ''68''(3), 703-746. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1536-7150.2009.00647.x

McCann R.J., Trokhimtchouk M. (2009). Optimal partition of a large labor force into working pairs. ''Economic Theory'', ''42''(2), 375-395. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00199-008-0420-2

Gittell M. (2009). The Effect of Geography, Education and Labor Market Segregation on Women’s Economic Status in New York State. ''American Behavioral Scientist'', ''53''(2), 193-222. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764209338808

Gittell M. (2012). The effect of geography, education and labor market segregation on women's economic status in New York State. ''Activist Scholar: Selected Works of Marilyn Gittell'', 79-116. SAGE Publications Inc..https://doi.org/10.4135/9781452243993.n4

Vihalemm T., Hogan-Brun G. (2013). Language policies and practices across the Baltic: Processes, challenges and prospects. ''European Journal of Applied Linguistics'', ''1''(1), 55-82. Walter de Gruyter GmbH.https://doi.org/10.1515/eujal-2013-0004

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Huynh P., Kapsos S. (2015). Economic class and labour market segregation: Poor and middle class workers in developing Asia and the Pacific. ''Economic Studies in Inequality, Social Exclusion and Well-Being'', 257-279. Springer.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-420-7_14

Anspal S. (2015). Gender wage gap in Estonia: A non parametric decomposition. ''Baltic Journal of Economics'', ''15''(1), 1-16. Baltic International Centre for Economic Policy Studies.https://doi.org/10.1080/1406099X.2015.1022436

Campomori F., Caponio T. (2015). Immigration and social inequalities: Italian integration policies revisited. ''Politiche Sociali'', ''2''(1), 43-58. Societa Editrice il Mulino.https://doi.org/10.7389/79534

Fernández-Macías E., Grande R., del Rey Poveda A., Antón J.-I. (2015). Employment and Occupational Mobility among Recently Arrived Immigrants: The Spanish Case 1997 2007. ''Population Research and Policy Review'', ''34''(2), 243-277. Kluwer Academic Publishers.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11113-014-9347-4

Haussmann S., Golgher A.B. (2016). Shrinking gender wage gaps in the Brazilian labor market: An application of the APC approach; [Diminuição do hiato salarial entre gêneros no mercado de trabalho Brasileiro: Uma aplicação da abordagem IPC]. ''Nova Economia'', ''26''(2), 429-464. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais.https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-6351/2680

Bergh A. (2017). Explaining the labor market gaps between immigrants and natives in the OECD. ''Migration Letters'', ''14''(2), 251-262. Transnational Press London Ltd.https://doi.org/

Stovel K., Fountain C. (2017). Matching. ''The Oxford Handbook of Analytical Sociology'', 365-390. Oxford University Press.https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199215362.013.16

Wang Y., Cheng C., Bian Y. (2018). More than double jeopardy: An intersectional analysis of persistent income disadvantages of Chinese female migrant workers. ''Asian Journal of Women's Studies'', ''24''(2), 246-269. Taylor and Francis Ltd.https://doi.org/10.1080/12259276.2018.1469722

Herrera C., Dijkstra G., Ruben R. (2019). Gender Segregation and Income Differences in Nicaragua. ''Feminist Economics'', ''25''(3), 144-170. Routledge.https://doi.org/10.1080/13545701.2019.1567931

Li X. (2019). Global market and income gaps between industries: evidence from finance industry and manufacturing industry. ''Journal of Chinese Sociology'', ''6''(1), -. Springer.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40711-019-0103-3

Barbieri P., Cutuli G., Guetto R., Scherer S. (2019). Part time employment as a way to increase women’s employment: (Where) does it work?. ''International Journal of Comparative Sociology'', ''60''(4), 249-268. SAGE Publications Ltd.https://doi.org/10.1177/0020715219849463

Bueno X., Vidal-Coso E. (2019). Vulnerability of Latin American Migrant Families Headed by Women in Spain During the Great Recession: A Couple Level Analysis. ''Journal of Family Issues'', ''40''(1), 111-138. SAGE Publications Inc..https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X18804584

Ellingsæter A.L., Kitterød R.H., Østbakken K.M. (202). Immigrants and the ‘caring father’: Inequality in access to and utilisation of parental leave in Norway. ''Ethnicities'', ''20''(5), 959-982. SAGE Publications Ltd.https://doi.org/10.1177/1468796819890109

Tonoyan V., Strohmeyer R., Jennings J.E. (202). Gender Gaps in Perceived Start up Ease: Implications of Sex based Labor Market Segregation for Entrepreneurship across 22 European Countries. ''Administrative Science Quarterly'', ''65''(1), 181-225. SAGE Publications Ltd.https://doi.org/10.1177/0001839219835867

Ibáñez M., Vicente M.R. (202). Occupational segregation by sex in Spain 2001 2011: Ten years without progress; [La segregación ocupacional por sexo. Evolución en España 2001 2011: Diez años de caminar sin avanzar]. ''Revista Espanola de Investigaciones Sociologicas'', ''171''(), 43-62. Centro de Investigaciones Sociologicas.https://doi.org/10.5477/cis/reis.171.43

Bertoli S., Ozden C., Packard M. (2021). Segregation and internal mobility of Syrian refugees in Turkey: Evidence from mobile phone data. ''Journal of Development Economics'', ''152''(), -. Elsevier B.V..https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2021.102704

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Wicht A., Siembab M. (2022). Ethnic Differences in Gender Typical Occupational Orientations Among Adolescents in Germany. ''Social Inclusion'', ''10''(2), 290-301. Cogitatio Press.https://doi.org/10.17645/si.v10i2.5092

Webster N.A., Zhang Q. (2022). Intersectional understandings of the role and meaning of platform mediated work in the pandemic Swedish welfare state. ''Digital Geography and Society'', ''3''(), -. Elsevier Ltd.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diggeo.2021.100025