Editing Involuntary spatial segregation

===== Date and country of first publication<ref>Date and country of first publication as informed by the Scopus database (December 2023).</ref>===== 
1997<br>
United States
===== Definition ===== 

Involuntary spatial segregation refers to the separation or sorting of individuals or groups based on factors such as race, income, or social class, that occurs without intentional government or institutional policies. It occurs due to various factors, including residential patterns, socioeconomic disparities, and personal preferences.

Involuntary spatial segregation can result from historical processes such as redlining, where certain neighborhoods or areas were systematically denied access to loans or resources based on race or ethnicity. This led to the concentration of certain racial or ethnic groups in specific areas, creating segregated communities. 

Economic disparities and limited affordable housing options can also contribute to involuntary spatial segregation. Low-income individuals or marginalized groups may be forced to live in specific neighborhoods due to limited resources or housing options, which can further perpetuate segregation based on socio-economic factors.

Personal preferences and social networks can also play a role in involuntary spatial segregation. People tend to prefer living in areas with individuals of similar backgrounds or with similar income levels, leading to the formation of homogeneous communities.

Involuntary spatial segregation has significant implications for marginalized groups as it may limit access to quality education, healthcare, and other resources. It can also perpetuate social inequalities and further marginalize already disadvantaged groups.

Addressing involuntary spatial segregation requires understanding and addressing the underlying factors contributing to it. This may involve implementing policies to improve access to affordable housing, eliminating discriminatory practices, and creating inclusive communities that encourage diversity and integration.
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==Involuntary spatial segregation appears in the following literature== 

Marcuse P. (1997). The enclave, the citadel, and the ghetto: What has changed in the post fordist U.S. city. ''Urban Affairs Review'', ''33''(2), 228-264. SAGE Publications Inc..https://doi.org/10.1177/107808749703300206