Editing Institutionalized segregation

===== Date and country of first publication<ref>Date and country of first publication as informed by the Scopus database (December 2023).</ref>===== 
1994<br>
United States
===== Definition ===== 

Institutionalized segregation refers to a system of separating individuals or groups based on their race, ethnicity, religion, or other identity factors through formal laws, policies, or practices put in place by institutions such as government, schools, or businesses. This segregation is enforced and perpetuated by legal mechanisms and is deeply embedded within the societal structure, resulting in unequal opportunities, resources, and rights for marginalized groups.

A well-known example of institutionalized segregation is the Jim Crow era in the United States, where laws and policies were established to enforce racial segregation between white and black Americans in various aspects of life, including education, housing, public facilities, transportation, and voting rights.

Institutionalized segregation can have long-lasting and widespread effects on individuals, communities, and society as a whole. It reinforces systemic inequalities, perpetuates discrimination, and limits individuals' social, economic, and political opportunities. Overcoming institutionalized segregation often requires concerted efforts to change laws, policies, and social norms to promote equity and inclusivity.
===== Synonyms ===== 
The following terms are synonymous with institutionalized segregation:

institutionalised segregation.

References and literature addressing this segregation form under these synonymous terms can be found below.
==See also== 
==Related segregation forms==
Institutionalized segregation is frequently discussed in the literature with the following segregation forms: 

[[residential segregation]], [[racial segregation]], [[social segregation]]
[[File:institutionalized_segregation.png|780x780px]]

This visualization is based on the study [[Segregation_Wiki:About| The Multidisciplinary Landscape of Segregation Research]]. 

For the complete network of interrelated segregation forms, please refer to: 

* [https://tinyurl.com/2235lkhw First year of publication] 

* [https://tinyurl.com/2d8wg5n3 Louvain clusters] 

* [https://tinyurl.com/223udk5r Betweenness centrality] 

* [https://tinyurl.com/244d8unz Disciplines in which segregation forms first emerged (Scopus database).] 
==References== 
==Notes== 
<references /> 
{{NoteAI}} 
==Institutionalized segregation appears in the following literature== 

Farley R., Frey W.H. (1994). Changes in the segregation of whites from blacks during the 1980s: small steps toward a more integrated society. ''American Sociological Review'', ''59''(1), 23-45. https://doi.org/10.2307/2096131

Baker B. (2004). The functional liminality of the not dead yet students, or, how public schooling became compulsory: A glancing history. ''Rethinking History'', ''8''(1), 5-49. https://doi.org/10.1080/13642520410001649714

Willink K. (2009). Conclusion Moving On. ''Palgrave Studies in Oral History'', 183-186. Palgrave Macmillan.https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230100572_11

Brandon L. (2009). Remembering Carter Goodwin Woodson (1875 1950). ''Curriculum Studies Handbook - The Next Moment'', 125-137. Taylor and Francis.https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203877791-13

Rothwell J.T. (2011). Racial enclaves and density zoning: The institutionalized segregation of racial minorities in the United States. ''American Law and Economics Review'', ''13''(1), 290-358. https://doi.org/10.1093/aler/ahq015

Ford C. (2014). Guiqiao (returned overseas Chinese) identity in the PRC. ''Journal of Chinese Overseas'', ''10''(2), 239-262. Brill Academic Publishers.https://doi.org/10.1163/17932548-12341283

Mollica M., Dingley J.C. (2015). Sectarian dynamics of multicultural norms and the law in Lebanon: warning for the future of Northern Ireland. ''National Identities'', ''17''(4), 405-431. Routledge.https://doi.org/10.1080/14608944.2014.926879

Chen Y., Fehr E., Fischbacher U., Morgan P. (2015). Decentralized matching and social segregation. ''Games and Economic Behavior'', ''90''(), 17-43. Academic Press Inc..https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geb.2014.11.004

Reynolds L.G. (2017). Maintaining segregation: Children and racial instruction in the south, 1920 1955. ''Maintaining Segregation: Children and Racial Instruction in the South, 1920-1955'', 1-223. Louisiana State University Press.https://doi.org/

Saxena K.B. (2018). Manual scavengers: Apathetic state and callous society. ''Dalits, Subalternity and Social Change in India'', 155-180. Taylor and Francis.https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429434501-11

Martin M.G. (2019). Outsiders on the Inside: Italian Jewish Ghettos and Cholera in the 1830s. ''European History Quarterly'', ''49''(1), 28-49. SAGE Publications Ltd.https://doi.org/10.1177/0265691418816642

Maharaj B. (202). South African Urban Planning in the Twentieth and Twenty First Centuries Continuities between the Apartheid and Democratic eras?. ''Urban and Regional Planning and Development: 20th Century Forms and 21st Century Transformations'', 101-112. Springer International Publishing.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31776-8_6

Zandavali B.A., Anderson J.P., Patel C. (202). Embodied Learning through Fabrication Aware Design. ''Proceedings of the International Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe'', ''2''(), 145-154. Education and research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe.https://doi.org/

Yu B., Epstein L., Tisi V. (2021). A discrit informed critique of the difference vs. disorder approach in speech language pathology. ''Critical Perspectives on Social Justice in Speech-Language Pathology'', 105-128. IGI Global.https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7134-7.ch006