Editing Horizontal segregation

===== Date and country of first publication<ref>Date and country of first publication as informed by the Scopus database (December 2023).</ref>===== 
1986<br>
United Kingdom
===== Definition ===== 

Horizontal segregation refers to the division and separation of individuals in the workforce based on certain characteristics, such as gender, race, ethnicity, or age. It refers to the tendency for individuals with specific characteristics to be concentrated in certain industries, job roles, or occupations, while being underrepresented in others.

For example, horizontal segregation of gender occurs when women are overrepresented in certain industries like education and healthcare, while men dominate fields like engineering and technology. Similarly, horizontal segregation based on race or ethnicity can be observed when certain racial or ethnic groups are concentrated in specific job roles or industries.

Horizontal segregation can lead to inequalities and limited opportunities for certain groups. It can result in unequal pay, limited career progression, and perpetuate stereotypes and biases. Efforts to reduce horizontal segregation involve promoting diversity and inclusion in the workplace, creating equal opportunities for all individuals to access and thrive in a variety of industries and job roles.
==See also== 
==Related segregation forms==
Horizontal segregation is frequently discussed in the literature with the following segregation forms: 

[[vertical segregation]], [[gender segregation]], [[occupational segregation]], [[occupational gender segregation]], [[sex segregation]], [[residential segregation]], [[occupational sex segregation]], [[horizontal gender segregation]], [[hierarchical segregation]], [[hierarchical employment segregation]], [[social segregation]], [[class segregation]]
[[File:horizontal_segregation.png|780x780px]]

This visualization is based on the study [[Segregation_Wiki:About| The Multidisciplinary Landscape of Segregation Research]]. 

For the complete network of interrelated segregation forms, please refer to: 

* [https://tinyurl.com/2235lkhw First year of publication] 

* [https://tinyurl.com/2d8wg5n3 Louvain clusters] 

* [https://tinyurl.com/223udk5r Betweenness centrality] 

* [https://tinyurl.com/244d8unz Disciplines in which segregation forms first emerged (Scopus database).] 
==References== 
==Notes== 
<references /> 
{{NoteAI}} 
==Horizontal segregation appears in the following literature== 

Corcoran J. (1986). Law and the promotion of women. ''Women's Studies International Forum'', ''9''(1), 19-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-5395(86)90072-5

Siltanen J. (199). Social Change and the Measurement of Occupational Segregation by Sex: An Assessment of the Sex Ratio Index. ''Work Employment & Society'', ''4''(1), 1-29. https://doi.org/10.1177/0950017090004001002

Devine F. (1994). Segregation and Supply: Preferences and Plans among ‘Self Made’ Women. ''Gender, Work & Organization'', ''1''(2), 94-109. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0432.1994.tb00009.x

Jackson Chris (1996). Private sector promises Latin rail boom. ''Railway Gazette International'', ''152''(12), 799-802. Reed Business Publishing Ltd..https://doi.org/

Blackburn R.M., Jarman J., Brooks B. (2). The puzzle of gender segregation and inequality: A cross national analysis. ''European Sociological Review'', ''16''(2), 119-135. Oxford University Press.https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/16.2.119

Blackburn R.M., Browne J., Brooks B., Jarman J. (2002). Explaining gender segregation. ''British Journal of Sociology'', ''53''(4), 513-536. https://doi.org/10.1080/0007131022000021461

Charles M., Bradley K. (2002). Equal but separate? A cross national study of sex segregation in higher education. ''American Sociological Review'', ''67''(4), 573-599. American Sociological Association.https://doi.org/10.2307/3088946

Fortin N.M., Huberman M. (2002). Occupational gender segregation and women's wages in Canada: An historical perspective. ''Canadian Public Policy'', ''28''(SUPP), S11-S40. University of Toronto Press Inc..https://doi.org/10.2307/3552342

Charles M. (2003). Deciphering Sex Segregation: Vertical and Horizontal Inequalities in Ten National Labor Markets. ''Acta Sociologica'', ''46''(4), 267-287. SAGE Publications Ltd.https://doi.org/10.1177/0001699303464001

Brooks B., Jarman J., Blackburn R.M. (2003). Occupational gender segregation in Canada, 1981 1996: Overall, vertical and horizontal segregation. ''Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology'', ''40''(2), 197-213. Canadian Sociology and Anthropology Association.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-618x.2003.tb00243.x

Coulangeon P., Ravet H., Roharik I. (2005). Gender differentiated effect of time in performing arts professions: Musicians, actors and dancers in contemporary France. ''Poetics'', ''33''(5-6), 369-387. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.poetic.2005.09.005

Blackburn R.M., Jarman J. (2006). Gendered occupations: Exploring the relationship between gender segregation and inequality. ''International Sociology'', ''21''(2), 289-315. https://doi.org/10.1177/0268580906061380

Eriksson J., Dellve L., Eklöf M., Hagberg M. (2007). Early inequalities in excellent health and performance among young adult women and men in Sweden. ''Gender Medicine'', ''4''(2), 170-182. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1550-8579(07)80030-1

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Potter M., Hill M. (2009). Women into non traditional sectors: Addressing gender segregation in the northern ireland workplace. ''Journal of Vocational Education and Training'', ''61''(2), 133-150. https://doi.org/10.1080/13636820902933239

Alario M., Pascual H., Baraja E. (2009). Occupational segregation of women in rural Industry: The case of Castilla y León; [Segregación laboral de las mujeres en la industria rural: El caso de castillay león]. ''Boletin de la Asociacion de Geografos Espanoles'', 173-192+401. Asociacion Espanola de Geografia.https://doi.org/

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Steinmetz S. (2012). The contextual challenges of occupational sex segregation: Deciphering cross national differences in Europe. ''The Contextual Challenges of Occupational Sex Segregation: Deciphering Cross-National Differences in Europe'', ''9783531930565''(), 1-288. VS Verlag fur Sozialwissenschaften.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-93056-5

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Kreitz-Sandberg S. (2013). Gender inclusion and horizontal gender segregation: stakeholders' strategies and dilemmas in Swedish teachers' education. ''Gender and Education'', ''25''(4), 444-465. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540253.2013.772566

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Fényes H. (2015). Gender differences in higher education efficiency and the effect of horizontal segregation by gender. ''Journal of Social Research and Policy'', ''6''(2), 83-103. Editura Universitatii din Oradea.https://doi.org/

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Martín-Llaguno M., Navarro-Beltrá M. (2015). Vertical and horizontal segregation in advertising agencies before and after the law for equality of women and men; [La segregación vertical y horizontal en las agencias de publicidad antes y después de la ley de igualdad de mujeres y hombres]. ''Revista Espanola de Investigaciones Sociologicas'', ''150''(), 113-150. Centro de Investigaciones Sociologicas.https://doi.org/10.5477/cis/reis.150.113

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Ljunggren J., Andersen P.L. (2015). Vertical and Horizontal Segregation: Spatial Class Divisions in Oslo, 1970 2003. ''International Journal of Urban and Regional Research'', ''39''(2), 305-322. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2427.12167

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Joyce Y., Walker S.P. (2015). Gender essentialism and occupational segregation in insolvency practice. ''Accounting, Organizations and Society'', ''40''(), 41-60. Elsevier Ltd.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aos.2014.12.001

Moldovan O. (2016). Representative bureaucracy in Romania? Gender and leadership in central public administration. ''Transylvanian Review of Administrative Sciences'', ''2016''(48), 66-83. Universitatea Babes-Bolyai.https://doi.org/

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Araújo-Pinzón P., Álvarez-Dardet C., Ramón-Jerónimo J.M., Flórez-López R. (2017). Women and inter organizational boundary spanning: A way into upper management?. ''European Research on Management and Business Economics'', ''23''(2), 70-81. European Academy of Management and Business Economics.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iedeen.2016.11.001

De Vita L., Magliocco A. (2018). Effects of gender quotas in Italy: a first impact assessment in the Italian banking sector. ''International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy'', ''38''(7-8), 673-694. Emerald Group Publishing Ltd..https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSSP-11-2017-0150

Sappleton N. (2018). Gender and business performance: the role of entrepreneurial segregation. ''Women Entrepreneurs and the Myth of 'Underperformance': A New Look at Women's Entrepreneurship Research'', 213-229. Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd..https://doi.org/10.4337/9781786434500.00025

Kowalczuk K., Krajewska-Kulak E., Sobolewski M. (2018). Psychosocial hazards in the workplace as an aspect of horizontal segregation in the nursing profession. ''Frontiers in Psychology'', ''9''(NOV), -. Frontiers Media S.A..https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02042

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