Editing Group segregation

===== Date and country of first publication<ref>Date and country of first publication as informed by the Scopus database (December 2023).</ref>===== 
1954<br>
United States
===== Definition ===== 

Group segregation refers to the separation or division of different social, racial, ethnic, or religious groups within a society. This can occur through various means, such as physical separation in terms of living areas, educational institutions, workplaces, or social gatherings.

Segregation can lead to various negative consequences, such as perpetuating inequalities, reinforcing stereotypes, limiting opportunities for social interaction and understanding between different groups, and fostering discrimination and prejudice.

Efforts to address group segregation typically involve promoting inclusivity, diversity, and equality in various aspects of society, such as through anti-discrimination laws, diversity initiatives, and social programs aimed at promoting integration and understanding among different groups.
===== Synonyms ===== 
The following terms are synonymous with group segregation:

group specific segregation.

References and literature addressing this segregation form under these synonymous terms can be found below.
==See also== 
==Related segregation forms==
Group segregation is frequently discussed in the literature with the following segregation forms: 

[[social segregation]], [[spatial segregation]], [[residential segregation]], [[ecological segregation]], [[gender segregation]], [[ethnic segregation]], [[racial segregation]], [[local segregation]], [[religious segregation]]
[[File:group_segregation.png|780x780px]]

This visualization is based on the study [[Segregation_Wiki:About| The Multidisciplinary Landscape of Segregation Research]]. 

For the complete network of interrelated segregation forms, please refer to: 

* [https://tinyurl.com/2235lkhw First year of publication] 

* [https://tinyurl.com/2d8wg5n3 Louvain clusters] 

* [https://tinyurl.com/223udk5r Betweenness centrality] 

* [https://tinyurl.com/244d8unz Disciplines in which segregation forms first emerged (Scopus database).] 
==References== 
==Notes== 
<references /> 
{{NoteAI}} 
==Group segregation appears in the following literature== 

Bell W. (1954). A probability model for the measurement of ecological segregation. ''Social Forces'', ''32''(4), 357-364. https://doi.org/10.2307/2574118

Ellickson B. (1977). The politics and economics of decentralization. ''Journal of Urban Economics'', ''4''(2), 135-149. https://doi.org/10.1016/0094-1190(77)90019-5

Jones F.L. (1985). Simulation models of group segregation. ''Journal of Sociology'', ''21''(3), 431-444. https://doi.org/10.1177/144078338502100307

Christopher A.J. (1987). Race and residence in colonial Port Elizabeth. ''South African Geographical Journal'', ''69''(1), 3-20. https://doi.org/10.1080/03736245.1987.10559736

Carrington W.J., Troske K.R. (1997). On measuring segregation in samples with small units. ''Journal of Business and Economic Statistics'', ''15''(4), 402-409. https://doi.org/10.1080/07350015.1997.10524718

Kane E.W., Kyyrö E.K. (2001). For whom does education enlighten? Race, gender, education, and beliefs about social inequality. ''Gender and Society'', ''15''(5), 710-733. SAGE Publications Inc..https://doi.org/10.1177/089124301015005005

Knudsen T. (2002). The Evolution of Cooperation in Structured Populations 1. ''Constitutional Political Economy'', ''13''(2), 129-148. Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH.https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015321818551

Reardon S.F., Firebaugh G. (2002). Measures of multigroup segregation. ''Sociological Methodology'', ''32''(), 33-67. SAGE Publications Ltd.https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9531.00110

Reardon S.F., Firebaugh G. (2002). Measures of multigroup segregation. ''Sociological Methodology'', ''32''(), 33-67. SAGE Publications Ltd.https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9531.00110

Blatchford P., Baines E., Pellegrini A. (2003). The social context of school playground games: Sex and ethnic differences, and changes over time after entry to junior school. ''British Journal of Developmental Psychology'', ''21''(4), 481-505. https://doi.org/10.1348/026151003322535183

Christopher A.J. (2005). Does South Africa have ghettos?. ''Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie'', ''96''(3), 241-252. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9663.2005.00456.x

Meng G., Hall G.B., Roberts S. (2006). Multi group segregation indices for measuring ordinal classes. ''Computers, Environment and Urban Systems'', ''30''(3), 275-299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2005.06.005

Fossett M. (2006). Ethnic preferences, social distance dynamics, and residential segregation: Theoretical explorations using simulation analysis. ''Journal of Mathematical Sociology'', ''30''(3-4), 185-273. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222500500544052

Forrest J., Poulsen M., Johnston R. (2006). A "multicultural model" of the spatial assimilation of ethnic minority groups in Australia's major immigrant receiving cities. ''Urban Geography'', ''27''(5), 441-463. https://doi.org/10.2747/0272-3638.27.5.441

Forrest J., Poulsen M., Johnston R. (2006). Peoples and spaces in a multicultural nation: Cultural group segregation in metropolitan Australia. ''Espace-Populations-Societes'', 151-164. Universite des Sciences et Technologiques de Lille.https://doi.org/10.4000/eps.1049

Wahl A.-M.G., Breckenridge R.S., Gunkel S.E. (2007). Latinos, residential segregation and spatial assimilation in micropolitan areas: Exploring the American dilemma on a new frontier. ''Social Science Research'', ''36''(3), 995-1020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2006.07.004

Wahl A.-M.G., Breckenridge R.S., Gunkel S.E. (2007). Latinos, residential segregation and spatial assimilation in micropolitan areas: Exploring the American dilemma on a new frontier. ''Social Science Research'', ''36''(3), 995-1020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2006.07.004

Lee B.A., Reardon S.F., Firebaugh G., Farrell C.R., Matthews S.A., O'Sullivan D. (2008). Beyond the census tract: Patterns and determinants of racial segregation at multiple geographic scales. ''American Sociological Review'', ''73''(5), 766-791. American Sociological Association.https://doi.org/10.1177/000312240807300504

Mora R., Ruiz-Castillo J. (2009). The invariance properties of the mutual information index of multigroup segregation. ''Research on Economic Inequality'', ''17''(), 33-53. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1049-2585(2009)0000017005

Pettigrew T.F., Wagner U., Christ O. (201). Population ratios and prejudice: Modelling both contact and threat effects. ''Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies'', ''36''(4), 635-650. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691830903516034

Lim U., Kim D.H. (201). Do Birds of a Feather Flock Together? Exploring the Geography of Educational Segregation in Seoul, Korea. ''Studies in Regional Science'', ''40''(2), 479-494. https://doi.org/10.2457/srs.40.479

Sacks M.P. (2011). The Puerto Rican effect on Hispanic residential segregation: A study of the Hartford and Springfield metro areas in national perspective. ''Latino Studies'', ''9''(1), 87-105. https://doi.org/10.1057/lst.2011.1

Goins M.N. (2011). Playing With Dialectics: Black Female Friendship Groups as a Homeplace. ''Communication Studies'', ''62''(5), 531-546. https://doi.org/10.1080/10510974.2011.584934

Hao L., Fong E. (2011). Linking dichotomous segregation with multi group segregation: Weighted segregation ratios in selected U.S. metropolitan areas. ''Social Science Research'', ''40''(1), 379-391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2010.05.005

Andreoli F. (2012). Multigroup segregation patterns and determinants: The case of immigrants in an italian city. ''Research on Economic Inequality'', ''20''(), 91-116. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1049-2585(2012)0000020007

Banzhaf H.S., Walsh R.P. (2013). Segregation and Tiebout sorting: The link between place based investments and neighborhood tipping. ''Journal of Urban Economics'', ''74''(1), 83-98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jue.2012.09.006

Roitman S. (2013). Close but Divided: How Walls, Fences and Barriers Exacerbate Social Differences and Foster Urban Social Group Segregation. ''Housing, Theory and Society'', ''30''(2), 156-176. https://doi.org/10.1080/14036096.2012.728150

Rodriguez-Navarro H., García-Monge A., Rubio-Campos M.C. (2014). The process of integration of newcomers at school: Students and gender networking during school recess. ''International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education'', ''27''(3), 349-363. https://doi.org/10.1080/09518398.2012.762472

Bhavnani R., Donnay K., Miodownik D., Mor M., Helbing D. (2014). Group segregation and urban violence. ''American Journal of Political Science'', ''58''(1), 226-245. Blackwell Publishing Ltd.https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12045

Leckie G., Goldstein H. (2015). A multilevel modelling approach to measuring changing patterns of ethnic composition and segregation among London secondary schools, 2001 2010. ''Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A: Statistics in Society'', ''178''(2), 405-424. https://doi.org/10.1111/rssa.12066

Guinea-Martin D., Mora R., Ruiz-Castillo J. (2015). The joint effect of ethnicity and gender on occupational segregation. An approach based on the Mutual Information Index. ''Social Science Research'', ''49''(), 167-178. Academic Press Inc..https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2014.08.007

Farrell C.R., Firebaugh G. (2016). Is immigrant neighborhood inequality less pronounced in suburban areas?. ''Social Science Research'', ''57''(), 161-176. Academic Press Inc..https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2016.01.001

Feliciani T., Flache A., Tolsma J. (2017). How, when and where can spatial segregation induce opinion polarization? Two competing models. ''JASSS'', ''20''(2), -. University of Surrey.https://doi.org/10.18564/jasss.3419

Diprete T.A., Eller C.C., Bol T., van de Werfhorst H.G. (2017). School to work linkages in the United States, Germany, and France. ''American Journal of Sociology'', ''122''(6), 1869-1938. University of Chicago Press.https://doi.org/10.1086/691327

Heiniger M., Imdorf C. (2018). The role of vocational education in the transmission of gender segregation from education to employment: Switzerland and Bulgaria compared. ''Journal for Labour Market Research'', ''52''(1), -. Springer Berlin Heidelberg.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12651-018-0248-6

Wang S., Corcoran J., Liu Y., Sigler T. (2018). Understanding 'segmented assimilation’ in Australian cities: Modelling the residential choices of mainland China , Hong Kong  and Taiwan born migrants. ''Applied Geography'', ''99''(), 140-153. Elsevier Ltd.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2018.08.004

Roy D., Lees M.H., Pfeffer K., Sloot P.M.A. (2018). Spatial segregation, inequality, and opportunity bias in the slums of Bengaluru. ''Cities'', ''74''(), 269-276. Elsevier Ltd.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2017.12.014

Bellman B., Spielman S.E., Franklin R.S. (2018). Local Population Change and Variations in Racial Integration in the United States, 2000 2010. ''International Regional Science Review'', ''41''(2), 233-255. SAGE Publications Inc..https://doi.org/10.1177/0160017616665669

Ray Chaudhury A., Sinha M. (2019). Multi group segregation for nominal and ordinal categorical data: An application to socio religious groups in India. ''Journal of Policy Modeling'', ''41''(6), 1095-1108. Elsevier B.V..https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpolmod.2019.04.002

Manley D., Johnston R., Jones K. (2019). Decomposing Multi Level Ethnic Segregation in Auckland, New Zealand, 2001 2013: Segregation Intensity for Multiple Groups at Multiple Scales. ''Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie'', ''110''(3), 319-338. Blackwell Publishing Ltd.https://doi.org/10.1111/tesg.12314

Kramer R., Kramer P. (2019). Diversifying but not Integrating: Entropic Measures of Local Segregation. ''Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie'', ''110''(3), 251-270. Blackwell Publishing Ltd.https://doi.org/10.1111/tesg.12306

Melamed D., Munn C.W., Simpson B., Abernathy J.Z., Harrell A., Sweitzer M. (202). Homophily and segregation in cooperative networks. ''American Journal of Sociology'', ''125''(4), 1084-1127. University of Chicago Press.https://doi.org/10.1086/708142

Becker S.O., Cinnirella F. (202). Prussia disaggregated: The demography of its universe of localities in 1871. ''Journal of Demographic Economics'', ''86''(3), 259-290. Cambridge University Press.https://doi.org/10.1017/dem.2020.12

Andersson E. (202). Parent created educational practices and conditions for players’ political socialisation in competitive youth games: a player perspective on parents’ behaviour in grassroots soccer.. ''Sport, Education and Society'', ''25''(4), 436-448. Routledge.https://doi.org/10.1080/13573322.2019.1601621

Benassi F., Iglesias-Pascual R., Salvati L. (202). Residential segregation and social diversification: Exploring spatial settlement patterns of foreign population in Southern European cities. ''Habitat International'', ''101''(), -. Elsevier Ltd.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2020.102200

Benassi F., Iglesias-Pascual R., Salvati L. (202). Residential segregation and social diversification: Exploring spatial settlement patterns of foreign population in Southern European cities. ''Habitat International'', ''101''(), -. Elsevier Ltd.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2020.102200

De Smet S., Boroş S. (2021). Revisiting Women Empowerment Through a Cultural Lens a In Depth Analysis of Empowerment Methodologies in Horticulture in Rural Ethiopia. ''Frontiers in Psychology'', ''12''(), -. Frontiers Media S.A..https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.536656

Sinitsyna A., Torpan K., Eamets R., Tammaru T. (2021). Overlap between industrial niching and workplace segregation: Role of immigration policy, culture and country of origin. ''Social Inclusion'', ''9''(2), 179-191. Cogitatio Press.https://doi.org/10.17645/si.v9i2.3640

Yamaguchi K. (2021). Multigroup Segregation Analyses with Covariates. ''Sociological Methodology'', ''51''(2), 224-252. SAGE Publications Ltd.https://doi.org/10.1177/0081175020981120

Elbers B. (2021). Trends in U.S. Residential Racial Segregation, 1990 to 2020. ''Socius'', ''7''(), -. SAGE Publications Inc..https://doi.org/10.1177/23780231211053982

Simsek M., van Tubergen F., Fleischmann F. (2022). Religion and Intergroup Boundaries: Positive and Negative Ties Among Youth in Ethnically and Religiously Diverse School Classes in Western Europe. ''Review of Religious Research'', ''64''(1), -. Springer.https://doi.org/10.1007/s13644-021-00473-y

del Río C., Alonso-Villar O. (2022). On Measuring Segregation in a Multigroup Context: Standardized Versus Unstandardized Indices. ''Social Indicators Research'', ''163''(2), 633-659. Springer Science and Business Media B.V..https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-022-02911-y

Uysal H. (2022). Standardized Tests and Within Group Segregation: The Not So Optimal ESL Classroom for Long Term English Learners. ''TESOL Quarterly'', ''56''(4), 1471-1485. John Wiley and Sons Inc.https://doi.org/10.1002/tesq.3187

Andreoli F., Zoli C. (2022). Robust dissimilarity comparisons with categorical outcomes. ''Social Choice and Welfare'', -. Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH.https://doi.org/10.1007/s00355-022-01419-1